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  1. Article ; Online: Longitudinal MRI and 1H-MRS study of SCA7 mouse forebrain reveals progressive multiregional atrophy and early brain metabolite changes indicating early neuronal and glial dysfunction.

    Jean-Baptiste Pérot / Anna Niewiadomska-Cimicka / Emmanuel Brouillet / Yvon Trottier / Julien Flament

    PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e

    2024  Volume 0296790

    Abstract: SpinoCerebellar Ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited disorder caused by CAG triplet repeats encoding polyglutamine expansion in the ATXN7 protein, which is part of the transcriptional coactivator complex SAGA. The mutation primarily causes ... ...

    Abstract SpinoCerebellar Ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited disorder caused by CAG triplet repeats encoding polyglutamine expansion in the ATXN7 protein, which is part of the transcriptional coactivator complex SAGA. The mutation primarily causes neurodegeneration in the cerebellum and retina, as well as several forebrain structures. The SCA7140Q/5Q knock-in mouse model recapitulates key disease features, including loss of vision and motor performance. To characterize the temporal progression of brain degeneration of this model, we performed a longitudinal study spanning from early to late symptomatic stages using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Compared to wild-type mouse littermates, MRI analysis of SCA7 mice shows progressive atrophy of defined brain structures, with the striatum, thalamus and cortex being the first and most severely affected. The volume loss of these structures coincided with increased motor impairments in SCA7 mice, suggesting an alteration of the sensory-motor network, as observed in SCA7 patients. MRI also reveals atrophy of the hippocampus and anterior commissure at mid-symptomatic stage and the midbrain and brain stem at late stage. 1H-MRS of hippocampus, a brain region previously shown to be dysfunctional in patients, reveals early and progressive metabolic alterations in SCA7 mice. Interestingly, abnormal glutamine accumulation precedes the hippocampal atrophy and the reduction in myo-inositol and total N-acetyl-aspartate concentrations, two markers of glial and neuronal damage, respectively. Together, our results indicate that non-cerebellar alterations and glial and neuronal metabolic impairments may play a crucial role in the development of SCA7 mouse pathology, particularly at early stages of the disease. Degenerative features of forebrain structures in SCA7 mice correspond to current observations made in patients. Our study thus provides potential biomarkers that could be used for the evaluation of future ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Longitudinal MRI and 1H-MRS study of SCA7 mouse forebrain reveals progressive multiregional atrophy and early brain metabolite changes indicating early neuronal and glial dysfunction

    Jean-Baptiste Pérot / Anna Niewiadomska-Cimicka / Emmanuel Brouillet / Yvon Trottier / Julien Flament

    PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Iss

    2024  Volume 1

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain

    Rachel Kelly / Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans / Charlène Joséphine / Emmanuel Brouillet / Declan P. McKernan / Eilís Dowd

    Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 507, p

    2022  Volume 507

    Abstract: Since the discovery of α-synuclein as the major component in Lewy bodies, research into this protein in the context of Parkinson’s disease pathology has been exponential. Cannabinoids are being investigated as potential therapies for Parkinson’s disease ... ...

    Abstract Since the discovery of α-synuclein as the major component in Lewy bodies, research into this protein in the context of Parkinson’s disease pathology has been exponential. Cannabinoids are being investigated as potential therapies for Parkinson’s disease from numerous aspects, but still little is known about the links between the cannabinoid system and the pathogenic α-synuclein protein; understanding these links will be necessary if cannabinoid therapies are to reach the clinic in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the time-course of alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system after viral-mediated α-synuclein overexpression in the rat brain. Rats were given unilateral intranigral injections of AAV-GFP or AAV-α-synuclein and sacrificed 4, 8 and 12 weeks later for qRT-PCR and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of the endocannabinoid system, in addition to histological visualization of α-synuclein expression along the nigrostriatal pathway. As anticipated, intranigral delivery of AAV-α-synuclein induced widespread overexpression of human α-synuclein in the nigrostriatal pathway, both at the mRNA level and the protein level. However, despite this profound α-synuclein overexpression, we detected no differences in CB 1 or CB 2 receptor expression in the nigrostriatal pathway; however, interestingly, there was a reduction in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG and the related lipid immune mediator OEA at week 12 post-surgery, indicating that α-synuclein overexpression triggers dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. Although this research does show that the endocannabinoid system is impacted by α-synuclein, further research is necessary to more comprehensively understand the link between the cannabinoid system and the α-synuclein aspect of Parkinson’s disease pathology in order for cannabinoid-based therapies to be feasible for the treatment of this disease in the coming years.
    Keywords Parkinson’s ; neuroinflammation ; cannabinoids ; alpha-synuclein ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Energy defects in Huntington's disease: Why “in vivo” evidence matters

    Liot, Géraldine / Julien Valette / Jérémy Pépin / Julien Flament / Emmanuel Brouillet

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2017 Feb. 19, v. 483

    2017  

    Abstract: Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with involuntary abnormal movements (chorea), cognitive deficits and psychiatric disturbances. The most striking neuropathological change in HD is the early ... ...

    Abstract Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with involuntary abnormal movements (chorea), cognitive deficits and psychiatric disturbances. The most striking neuropathological change in HD is the early atrophy of the striatum. While the disease progresses, other brain structures also degenerate, including the cerebral cortex. Changes are also seen outside the brain, in particular weight loss/cachexia despite high dietary intake. The disease is caused by an abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein (Htt). This mutation leads to the expression of a poly-glutamine stretch that changes the biological functions of mutant Htt (mHtt). The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in HD are not totally elucidated. Here, we discuss recent results obtained in patients, animal and cellular models suggesting that early disturbance in energy metabolism at least in part associated with mitochondrial defects may play a central role, even though all data are not congruent, possibly because most findings were obtained in cell culture systems or using biochemical analyses of post mortem tissues from rodent models. Thus, we put a particular focus on brain imaging studies that could identify biomarkers of energy defects in vivo and would be of prime interest in preclinical and clinical trials testing the efficacy of new therapies targeting energy metabolism in HD.
    Keywords animal models ; animals ; atrophy ; biomarkers ; cachexia ; cell culture ; cerebral cortex ; clinical trials ; cognition ; energy ; energy metabolism ; food intake ; genes ; image analysis ; mitochondria ; mutants ; mutation ; neurodegenerative diseases ; patients ; tissues ; weight loss
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0219
    Size p. 1084-1095.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.065
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: The C-Terminal Domain of LRRK2 with the G2019S Substitution Increases Mutant A53T α-Synuclein Toxicity in Dopaminergic Neurons In Vivo

    Noémie Cresto / Camille Gardier / Marie-Claude Gaillard / Francesco Gubinelli / Pauline Roost / Daniela Molina / Charlène Josephine / Noëlle Dufour / Gwenaëlle Auregan / Martine Guillermier / Suéva Bernier / Caroline Jan / Pauline Gipchtein / Philippe Hantraye / Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin / Gilles Bonvento / Nadja Van Camp / Jean-Marc Taymans / Karine Cambon /
    Géraldine Liot / Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans / Emmanuel Brouillet

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 6760, p

    2021  Volume 6760

    Abstract: Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) play crucial roles in Parkinson’s disease (PD). They may functionally interact to induce the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons via mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. We ... ...

    Abstract Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) play crucial roles in Parkinson’s disease (PD). They may functionally interact to induce the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons via mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. We previously showed that the C-terminal portion of LRRK2 (ΔLRRK2) with the G2019S mutation (ΔLRRK2 G2019S ) was sufficient to induce neurodegeneration of DA neurons in vivo, suggesting that mutated LRRK2 induces neurotoxicity through mechanisms that are (i) independent of the N-terminal domains and (ii) “cell-autonomous”. Here, we explored whether ΔLRRK2 G2019S could modify α-syn toxicity through these two mechanisms. We used a co-transduction approach in rats with AAV vectors encoding ΔLRRK2 G2019S or its “dead” kinase form, ΔLRRK2 DK , and human α-syn with the A53T mutation (AAV-α-syn A53T ). Behavioral and histological evaluations were performed at 6- and 15-weeks post-injection. Results showed that neither form of ΔLRRK2 alone induced the degeneration of neurons at these post-injection time points. By contrast, injection of AAV-α-syn A53T alone resulted in motor signs and degeneration of DA neurons. Co-injection of AAV-α-syn A53T with AAV-ΔLRRK2 G2019S induced DA neuron degeneration that was significantly higher than that induced by AAV-α-syn A53T alone or with AAV-ΔLRRK2 DK . Thus, mutated α-syn neurotoxicity can be enhanced by the C-terminal domain of LRRK2 G2019 alone , through cell-autonomous mechanisms.
    Keywords Parkinson’s disease ; leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ; α-synuclein ; AAVs ; cell-autonomous mechanisms ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: The Self-Inactivating KamiCas9 System for the Editing of CNS Disease Genes

    Nicolas Merienne / Gabriel Vachey / Lucie de Longprez / Cécile Meunier / Virginie Zimmer / Guillaume Perriard / Mathieu Canales / Amandine Mathias / Lucas Herrgott / Tim Beltraminelli / Axelle Maulet / Thomas Dequesne / Catherine Pythoud / Maria Rey / Luc Pellerin / Emmanuel Brouillet / Anselme L. Perrier / Renaud du Pasquier / Nicole Déglon

    Cell Reports, Vol 20, Iss 12, Pp 2980-

    2017  Volume 2991

    Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders are a major public health problem because of the high frequency of these diseases. Genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 system is making it possible to modify the sequence of genes linked to these disorders. We designed the ... ...

    Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders are a major public health problem because of the high frequency of these diseases. Genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 system is making it possible to modify the sequence of genes linked to these disorders. We designed the KamiCas9 self-inactivating editing system to achieve transient expression of the Cas9 protein and high editing efficiency. In the first application, the gene responsible for Huntington’s disease (HD) was targeted in adult mouse neuronal and glial cells. Mutant huntingtin (HTT) was efficiently inactivated in mouse models of HD, leading to an improvement in key markers of the disease. Sequencing of potential off-targets with the constitutive Cas9 system in differentiated human iPSC revealed a very low incidence with only one site above background level. This off-target frequency was significantly reduced with the KamiCas9 system. These results demonstrate the potential of the self-inactivating CRISPR/Cas9 editing for applications in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
    Keywords CRISPR/Cas9 ; gene editing ; self-inactivating system ; KamiCas9 ; neurodegenerative diseases ; Huntington’s disease ; lentiviral vectors ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Ectosomes

    Simon Dujardin / Séverine Bégard / Raphaëlle Caillierez / Cédrick Lachaud / Lucie Delattre / Sébastien Carrier / Anne Loyens / Marie-Christine Galas / Luc Bousset / Ronald Melki / Gwennaëlle Aurégan / Philippe Hantraye / Emmanuel Brouillet / Luc Buée / Morvane Colin

    PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e

    a new mechanism for non-exosomal secretion of tau protein.

    2014  Volume 100760

    Abstract: Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that aggregates in neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Recently, studies have suggested that Tau may be secreted and play a role in neural network signalling. However, once deregulated, secreted Tau ... ...

    Abstract Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that aggregates in neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Recently, studies have suggested that Tau may be secreted and play a role in neural network signalling. However, once deregulated, secreted Tau may also participate in the spreading of Tau pathology in hierarchical pathways of neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying neuron-to-neuron Tau transfer are still unknown; given the known role of extra-cellular vesicles in cell-to-cell communication, we wondered whether these vesicles could carry secreted Tau. We found, among vesicles, that Tau is predominately secreted in ectosomes, which are plasma membrane-originating vesicles, and when it accumulates, the exosomal pathway is activated.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Normal aging modulates the neurotoxicity of mutant huntingtin.

    Elsa Diguet / Fanny Petit / Carole Escartin / Karine Cambon / Nicolas Bizat / Noëlle Dufour / Philippe Hantraye / Nicole Déglon / Emmanuel Brouillet

    PLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 2, p e

    2009  Volume 4637

    Abstract: Aging likely plays a role in neurodegenerative disorders. In Huntington's disease (HD), a disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the protein huntingtin (Htt), the role of aging is unclear. For a given tract length, the ... ...

    Abstract Aging likely plays a role in neurodegenerative disorders. In Huntington's disease (HD), a disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the protein huntingtin (Htt), the role of aging is unclear. For a given tract length, the probability of disease onset increases with age. There are mainly two hypotheses that could explain adult onset in HD: Either mutant Htt progressively produces cumulative defects over time or "normal" aging renders neurons more vulnerable to mutant Htt toxicity. In the present study, we directly explored whether aging affected the toxicity of mutant Htt in vivo. We studied the impact of aging on the effects produced by overexpression of an N-terminal fragment of mutant Htt, of wild-type Htt or of a beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal) reporter gene in the rat striatum. Stereotaxic injections of lentiviral vectors were performed simultaneously in young (3 week) and old (15 month) rats. Histological evaluation at different time points after infection demonstrated that the expression of mutant Htt led to pathological changes that were more severe in old rats, including an increase in the number of small Htt-containing aggregates in the neuropil, a greater loss of DARPP-32 immunoreactivity and striatal neurons as assessed by unbiased stereological counts.The present results support the hypothesis that "normal" aging is involved in HD pathogenesis, and suggest that age-related cellular defects might constitute potential therapeutic targets for HD.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Correction

    Romina Aron Badin / Brigitte Spinnewyn / Marie-Claude Gaillard / Caroline Jan / Carole Malgorn / Nadja Van Camp / Frédéric Dollé / Martine Guillermier / Sabrina Boulet / Anne Bertrand / Marc Savasta / Michel Auguet / Emmanuel Brouillet / Pierre-Etienne Chabrier / Philippe Hantraye

    PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss

    IRC-082451, a Novel Multitargeting Molecule, Reduces L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in MPTP Parkinsonian Primates

    2013  Volume 1

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: IRC-082451, a novel multitargeting molecule, reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in MPTP Parkinsonian primates.

    Romina Aron Badin / Brigitte Spinnewyn / Marie-Claude Gaillard / Caroline Jan / Carole Malgorn / Nadja Van Camp / Frédéric Dollé / Martine Guillermier / Sabrina Boulet / Anne Bertrand / Marc Savasta / Michel Auguet / Emmanuel Brouillet / Pierre-Etienne Chabrier / Philippe Hantraye

    PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e

    2013  Volume 52680

    Abstract: The development of dyskinesias following chronic L-DOPA replacement therapy remains a major problem in the long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of IRC-082451 (base of BN82451), a novel multitargeting ... ...

    Abstract The development of dyskinesias following chronic L-DOPA replacement therapy remains a major problem in the long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of IRC-082451 (base of BN82451), a novel multitargeting hybrid molecule, on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) and hypolocomotor activity in a non-human primate model of PD. IRC-082451 displays multiple properties: it inhibits neuronal excitotoxicity (sodium channel blocker), oxidative stress (antioxidant) and neuroinflammation (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and is endowed with mitochondrial protective properties. Animals received daily MPTP injections until stably parkinsonian. A daily treatment with increasing doses of L-DOPA was administered to parkinsonian primates until the appearance of dyskinesias. Then, different treatment regimens and doses of IRC-082451 were tested and compared to the benchmark molecule amantadine. Primates were regularly filmed and videos were analyzed with specialized software. A novel approach combining the analysis of dyskinesias and locomotor activity was used to determine efficacy. This analysis yielded the quantification of the total distance travelled and the incidence of dyskinesias in 7 different body parts. A dose-dependent efficacy of IRC-082451 against dyskinesias was observed. The 5 mg/kg dose was best at attenuating the severity of fully established LIDs. Its effect was significantly different from that of amantadine since it increased spontaneous locomotor activity while reducing LIDs. This dose was effective both acutely and in a 5-day sub-chronic treatment. Moreover, positron emission tomography scans using radiolabelled dopamine demonstrated that there was no direct interference between treatment with IRC-082451 and dopamine metabolism in the brain. Finally, post-mortem analysis indicated that this reduction in dyskinesias was associated with changes in cFOS, FosB and ARC mRNA expression levels in the putamen. The data demonstrates the antidyskinetic efficacy of IRC-082451 in a ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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