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  1. Article ; Online: Beyond the Dopaminergic System: Lessons Learned from levodopa Resistant Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.

    Antonini, Angelo / Emmi, Aron / Campagnolo, Marta

    Movement disorders clinical practice

    2023  Volume 10, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) S50–S55

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2330-1619
    ISSN (online) 2330-1619
    DOI 10.1002/mdc3.13786
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Smell deficits in COVID-19 and possible links with Parkinson's disease.

    Emmi, Aron / Sandre, Michele / Porzionato, Andrea / Antonini, Angelo

    International review of neurobiology

    2022  Volume 165, Page(s) 91–102

    Abstract: Olfactory impairment is a common symptom in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While other viruses, such as influenza viruses, may affect the ability to smell, ...

    Abstract Olfactory impairment is a common symptom in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While other viruses, such as influenza viruses, may affect the ability to smell, loss of olfactory function is often smoother and associated to various degrees of nasal symptoms. In COVID-19, smell loss may appear also in absence of other symptoms, frequently with a sudden onset. However, despite great clinical interest in COVID-19 olfactory alterations, very little is known concerning the mechanisms underlying these phenomena. Moreover, olfactory dysfunction is observed in neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease (PD) and can precede motor onset by many years, suggesting that viral infections, like COVID-19, and regional inflammatory responses may trigger defective protein aggregation and subsequent neurodegeneration, potentially linking COVID-19 olfactory impairment to neurodegeneration. In the following chapter, we report the neurobiological and neuropathological underpinnings of olfactory impairments encountered in COVID-19 and discuss the implications of these findings in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, with particular regard to PD and alpha-synuclein pathology.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/complications ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Protein Aggregates ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; alpha-Synuclein
    Chemical Substances Protein Aggregates ; alpha-Synuclein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209876-3
    ISSN 2162-5514 ; 0074-7742
    ISSN (online) 2162-5514
    ISSN 0074-7742
    DOI 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The bursa of Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente: from original iconography to most recent research.

    Ribatti, Domenico / Porzionato, Andrea / Emmi, Aron / De Caro, Raffaele

    Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie

    2021  Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 583–585

    Abstract: Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1533-1619) described the homonymous bursa in the "De Formatione Ovi et Pulli", published posthumously in 1621. He also included a figure in which the bursa was depicted. We here present the figure of the bursa of ... ...

    Abstract Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1533-1619) described the homonymous bursa in the "De Formatione Ovi et Pulli", published posthumously in 1621. He also included a figure in which the bursa was depicted. We here present the figure of the bursa of Fabricius, along with corrections of some mislabeling still presents in some anastatic copies. The bursa of Fabricius is universally known as the origin of B-lymphocytes; morphogenetical and physiological issues are also considered.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bursa of Fabricius ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-04
    Publishing country Romania
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1062519-7
    ISSN 2066-8279 ; 1220-0522 ; 0035-4007
    ISSN (online) 2066-8279
    ISSN 1220-0522 ; 0035-4007
    DOI 10.47162/RJME.61.2.31
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Case Report: Sudden Fatal Hemorrhage in Ulcerative Fungal Laryngotracheitis-A Pediatric Case Report.

    Porzionato, Andrea / Stocco, Elena / Emmi, Aron / Macchi, Veronica / De Caro, Raffaele

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 764027

    Abstract: In this report, we describe an autopsy case of a child affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia and opportunistic pulmonary aspergillosis. The patient died because of a full-thickness tracheal wall ulceration with right inferior thyroid artery lesion and ...

    Abstract In this report, we describe an autopsy case of a child affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia and opportunistic pulmonary aspergillosis. The patient died because of a full-thickness tracheal wall ulceration with right inferior thyroid artery lesion and sudden hemorrhage, likely ascribable to undiagnosed invasive
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2021.764027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Bridging Gaps in Peripheral Nerves: From Current Strategies to Future Perspectives in Conduit Design.

    Stocco, Elena / Barbon, Silvia / Emmi, Aron / Tiengo, Cesare / Macchi, Veronica / De Caro, Raffaele / Porzionato, Andrea

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 11

    Abstract: In peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) with substance loss, where tensionless end-to-end suture is not achievable, the positioning of a graft is required. Available options include autografts (e.g., sural nerve, medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous ... ...

    Abstract In peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) with substance loss, where tensionless end-to-end suture is not achievable, the positioning of a graft is required. Available options include autografts (e.g., sural nerve, medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves, superficial branch of the radial nerve), allografts (Avance
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Swine ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries ; Polyesters ; Peripheral Nerves/physiology ; Prostheses and Implants ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology
    Chemical Substances Polyesters ; Polyglycolic Acid (26009-03-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24119170
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Neurotransmitter and receptor systems in the subthalamic nucleus.

    Emmi, Aron / Campagnolo, Marta / Stocco, Elena / Carecchio, Miryam / Macchi, Veronica / Antonini, Angelo / De Caro, Raffaele / Porzionato, Andrea

    Brain structure & function

    2023  Volume 228, Issue 7, Page(s) 1595–1617

    Abstract: The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is a lens-shaped subcortical structure located ventrally to the thalamus, that despite being embryologically derived from the diencephalon, is functionally implicated in the basal ganglia circuits. Because of this strict ... ...

    Abstract The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is a lens-shaped subcortical structure located ventrally to the thalamus, that despite being embryologically derived from the diencephalon, is functionally implicated in the basal ganglia circuits. Because of this strict structural and functional relationship with the circuits of the basal ganglia, the STh is a current target for deep brain stimulation, a neurosurgical procedure employed to alleviate symptoms in movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. However, despite the great relevance of this structure for both basal ganglia physiology and pathology, the neurochemical and molecular anatomy of the STh remains largely unknown. Few studies have specifically addressed the detection of neurotransmitter systems and their receptors within the structure, and even fewer have investigated their topographical distribution. Here, we have reviewed the scientific literature on neurotransmitters relevant in the STh function of rodents, non-human primates and humans including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline with particular focus on their subcellular, cellular and topographical distribution. Inter-species differences were highlighted to provide a framework for further research priorities, particularly in humans.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Subthalamic Nucleus ; Basal Ganglia ; Thalamus ; Dopamine ; Parkinson Disease
    Chemical Substances Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2273162-3
    ISSN 1863-2661 ; 1863-2653
    ISSN (online) 1863-2661
    ISSN 1863-2653
    DOI 10.1007/s00429-023-02678-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The pharmacological management of the behavioral aspects of Parkinson's disease: an update.

    Campagnolo, Marta / Emmi, Aron / Biundo, Roberta / Fiorenzato, Eleonora / Batzu, Lucia / Chaudhuri, K Ray / Antonini, Angelo

    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 15, Page(s) 1693–1701

    Abstract: Introduction: Behavioural symptoms are common manifestations of Parkinson's disease and include depression, anxiety, impulse control disorders, hallucinations, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction. They remain inadequately addressed in many patients ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Behavioural symptoms are common manifestations of Parkinson's disease and include depression, anxiety, impulse control disorders, hallucinations, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction. They remain inadequately addressed in many patients despite their relevance for quality of life and disability. This applies also to impulse control disorders where the most common approach in recent literature is to refrain from using dopamine agonists without consideration about their potential benefit on motor complications.
    Areas covered: We conducted a narrative review searching for articles on behavioral symptoms in Parkinson disease and selected those which included involved neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, acetylcholine. We specifically focused our search on open-label and randomized double-blind studies and biomarkers which could best characterize these clinical manifestations.
    Expert opinion: Management of Parkinson disease behavioural manifestations lacks clear guidelines and standardized protocols beside general suggestions of dose adjustments in dopamine replacement therapy and use of antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs with little consideration of patients' age, sex, comorbidities, and motor status. We suggest a pragmatic approach which includes education of affected patients and caring people, dealing with complex cases by experienced multidisciplinary teams, use of cognitive behavioural therapy, and psychological counselling to complement drug treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Dopamine/therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Chemical Substances Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Antipsychotic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2001535-5
    ISSN 1744-7666 ; 1465-6566
    ISSN (online) 1744-7666
    ISSN 1465-6566
    DOI 10.1080/14656566.2023.2240228
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Rapidly progressive multiple system atrophy in a patient carrying LRRK2 G2019S mutation.

    Carrer, Tommaso / Bonato, Giulia / Sandre, Michele / Emmi, Aron / Campagnolo, Marta / Musso, Giulia / Carecchio, Miryam / Parchi, Piero / Antonini, Angelo

    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2023  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 309–313

    Abstract: Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is considered a primarily sporadic neurodegenerative disease, but the role of genetic is poorly understood.: Case: We present a female patient of Moroccan origin who developed a rapidly progressive non- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is considered a primarily sporadic neurodegenerative disease, but the role of genetic is poorly understood.
    Case: We present a female patient of Moroccan origin who developed a rapidly progressive non-levodopa responsive parkinsonism, gait and balance problems, and dysautonomia including severe bulbar symptoms. She was diagnosed with MSA Parkinsonian-type (MSA-P) and suddenly died at night at 58 years of age. Reduced striatal DAT-SPECT, putaminal hyperintensity on T2-MRI, and hypometabolism with FDG-PET were present. Genetic testing documented a G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene. A skin biopsy was obtained and used to perform alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC, which was negative, and immunohistochemical analysis, which demonstrated abnormal alpha-synuclein deposits in cutaneous nerves. Elevated blood neurofilament light chain levels were also documented.
    Conclusions: LRRK2 mutations are the most common cause of monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD) and G2019S is the most frequent variant. Our patient presented with biological, clinical, and radiological features of MSA, but genetic testing revealed a G2019S LRRK2 mutation, which has been previously reported only in one other case of pathologically proven MSA but with mild progression. In our patient, post-mortem confirmation could not be performed, but RT-QuIC and immunohistochemical findings on skin biopsy support the diagnosis of MSA. G2019S LRRK2 may be linked to an increased risk of MSA. Cases of atypical parkinsonism with rapid disease course should be screened for PD-related genes especially in populations with a high prevalence of mutations in known genes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics ; Multiple System Atrophy/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple System Atrophy/genetics ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/pathology ; Parkinsonian Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Parkinsonian Disorders/genetics
    Chemical Substances alpha-Synuclein ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 (EC 2.7.11.1) ; LRRK2 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-27
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2016546-8
    ISSN 1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
    ISSN (online) 1590-3478
    ISSN 1590-1874
    DOI 10.1007/s10072-023-07056-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The transversoclasiotome: a novel instrument for examining the vertebral artery.

    Boscolo-Berto, Rafael / Macchi, Veronica / Tubbs, R Shane / Emmi, Aron / Stecco, Carla / Loukas, Marios / Porzionato, Andrea / De Caro, Raffaele

    Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

    2023  

    Abstract: Opening the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae is necessary for accessing the vertebral vessels. There are no specialist tools for cutting the anterior lamina of the transverse processes, and alternatives lead to questionable results. A ... ...

    Abstract Opening the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae is necessary for accessing the vertebral vessels. There are no specialist tools for cutting the anterior lamina of the transverse processes, and alternatives lead to questionable results. A novel tool, the transversoclasiotome, is described and tested. The literature and patent databases were systematically reviewed. A blueprint of the transversoclasiotome was created, and the prototype was tested through autopsy on ten fresh-frozen cadavers within our Body Donation Program. The transversoclasiotome consists of two delicate branches mounted as a scissor, one a cutting jaw and the other a knocker with a rounded tip, both angled 30° to the principal axis. The jaws shut, facing each other in parallel. The cutting jaw corresponds to a slit on the knocker profile without protruding beyond it even when entirely closed. It acts by cutting and wedging. The testing autopsies demonstrated its suitability for its purpose, with an adequate response to the pressure exerted on the bone lamina. The section cut cleanly, without sliding off while closing on the bone. The vertebral vessels were not injured either during instrument insertion or cutting. Their morphological features are described. The transversoclasiotome has been proven appropriate for sectioning the anterior lamina of transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. It meets the needs of clinical anatomy in teaching and training clinicians or surgeons, forensic clinical anatomy during medico-legal investigation, and research.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2195904-3
    ISSN 1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
    ISSN (online) 1556-2891
    ISSN 1547-769X
    DOI 10.1007/s12024-023-00638-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: 3D Reconstruction of the Morpho-Functional Topography of the Human Vagal Trigone.

    Emmi, Aron / Porzionato, Andrea / Contran, Martina / De Rose, Enrico / Macchi, Veronica / De Caro, Raffaele

    Frontiers in neuroanatomy

    2021  Volume 15, Page(s) 663399

    Abstract: The Vagal Trigone, often referred to as Ala Cinerea, is a triangular-shaped area of the floor of the fourth ventricle that is strictly involved in the network of chardiochronotropic, baroceptive, respiratory, and gastrointestinal control systems of the ... ...

    Abstract The Vagal Trigone, often referred to as Ala Cinerea, is a triangular-shaped area of the floor of the fourth ventricle that is strictly involved in the network of chardiochronotropic, baroceptive, respiratory, and gastrointestinal control systems of the medulla oblongata. While it is frequently identified as the superficial landmark for the underlying Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus, this correspondence is not univocal in anatomical literature and is often oversimplified in neuroanatomy textbooks and neurosurgical atlases. As the structure represents an important landmark for neurosurgical procedures involving the floor of the fourth ventricle, accurate morphological characterization is required to avoid unwanted side effects (e.g., bradychardia, hypertension) during neuorphysiological monitoring and cranial nerve nuclei stimulation in intraoperative settings. The aim of this study was to address the anatomo-topographical relationships of the Vagal Trigone with the underlying nuclei. For this purpose, we have conducted an anatomo-microscopical examination of serial sections deriving from 54 Human Brainstems followed by 3D reconstruction and rendering of the specimens. Our findings indicate that the Vagal Trigone corresponds only partially with the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus, while most of its axial profile is occupied by the dorsal regions of the Solitary Tract Nucleus. Furthermore, basing on literature and our findings we speculate that the neuroblasts of the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus undergo neurobiotaxic migration induced by the neuroblasts of the dorsolaterally located solitary tract nucleus, giving rise to the Ala Cinerea, a topographically defined area for parasympathetic visceral control.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452969-2
    ISSN 1662-5129
    ISSN 1662-5129
    DOI 10.3389/fnana.2021.663399
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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