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Article ; Online: What is the Operative Cost of Managing Acute Appendicitis in the NHS: The Impact of Stump Technique and Perioperative Imaging.

Clement, K D / Emslie, K / Maniam, P / Wilson, M S J

2019 Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 749–754

Abstract: Background: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency that is typically managed with laparoscopic appendicectomy in UK centres. A number of variables influence the cost of managing this condition. Our aim was to identify the major influencing ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency that is typically managed with laparoscopic appendicectomy in UK centres. A number of variables influence the cost of managing this condition. Our aim was to identify the major influencing factors in our centre by performing a cumulative cost analysis. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the costs associated with 99 cases of acute appendicitis managed with laparoscopic appendicectomy at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, from January 2014 to February 2016. Costs were categorised according to blood tests, imaging, medications, operative costs and length of stay. Results: Our cohort included 66 males, 33 females and 28 paediatric cases. The total cost was £220030.52 with a mean of £2222.53 per patient. The factor with the greatest influence on overall cost was operative time (53.2%) followed by length of stay (39.2%). There was no cost difference between adults and children (p = 0.24) or males and females (p = 0.38). Mean cost in adults ≥50 years was greater than those <50 years (£2899.32 vs £2152.97, p = 0.008) and greater in those who underwent imaging as opposed to no imaging (£2789.53 vs £2010.65, p = 0.0001). For appendiceal stump technique, polymer clips were cheaper (£1844.70) than ligatures (£2380.11, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Operative time (53.2%) and length of stay (39.2%) had the greatest impact on the cost in our cohort. Older patients have a greater overall cost, and this is associated with increased utilisation of imaging. Further studies assessing the safety and feasibility of methods to reduce operative time and to investigate the safety of reducing length of stay are required.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Appendectomy/economics ; Appendicitis/surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/economics ; Length of Stay/economics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; State Medicine ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	224043-9
ISSN	1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
ISSN (online)	1432-2323
ISSN	0364-2313
DOI	10.1007/s00268-019-05306-2
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Article: Prolonged Ileus after Colorectal Surgery, a Systematic Review.

Shereef, Anzil / Raftery, David / Sneddon, Fraser / Emslie, Katy / Mair, Lyn / Mackay, Craig / Ramsay, George / Forget, Patrice

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 18

Abstract: Background: The development of prolonged post-operative ileus (POI) remains a significant problem in the general surgical patient population. The aetiology of ileus is poorly understood and management options/preventative measures are currently ... ...

Abstract	Background: The development of prolonged post-operative ileus (POI) remains a significant problem in the general surgical patient population. The aetiology of ileus is poorly understood and management options/preventative measures are currently extremely limited. The pathophysiology leading to a post-operative ileus is relatively poorly understood, and there is no validated method to estimate ileus occurrence or duration. Ileus in the post-operative period commonly occurs following major colorectal surgery and leads to painful abdominal distension, vomiting, nutritional deficit, pneumonia, prolonged hospital stays and susceptibility to hospital-acquired infection. An increased hospital stay, the burden of treatment costs and the burden on the health system highlight the importance of future research on finding definitions, preventions and predictions of ileus. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the rate of ileus on various treatments for prolonged post-operative ileus following colorectal surgery. A confidence evaluation in a meta-analysis were performed using CINeMA. Direct and indirect comparisons of all interventions were simultaneously carried out using a network meta-analysis. The level of certainty was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. The method of assessing the risk of bias, the quality assessment, used the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool (RoB2). Results: Among the seven included studies, the majority suffered from considerable within-study bias, affecting the confidence rates of study findings. Heterogeneity and incoherence made the pairwise meta-analysis and ranking of interventions unfeasible. Indirect comparisons were considered unreliable due to this incoherence. Conclusions: This systematic review, with a confidence evaluation in the network meta-analysis, determined that there is a knowledge gap in the field of study on prolonged ileus following digestive surgery. The current evidence suffers from heterogeneity and incoherence more than imprecision. There is a gap in the data on ileus occurrence in interventional trials for digestive surgery. This could inform clinicians and trialists to better appraise the current literature and plan future trials.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12185769
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Article ; Online: Synthetic certified DNA reference material for analysis of human erythropoietin transgene and transcript in gene doping and gene therapy.

Baoutina, A / Bhat, S / Zheng, M / Partis, L / Dobeson, M / Alexander, I E / Emslie, K R

Gene therapy

2016 Volume 23, Issue 10, Page(s) 708–717

Abstract: There is a recognised need for standardisation of protocols for vector genome analysis used in vector manufacturing, to establish dosage, in biodistribution studies and to detect gene doping in sport. Analysis of vector genomes and transgene expression ... ...

Abstract	There is a recognised need for standardisation of protocols for vector genome analysis used in vector manufacturing, to establish dosage, in biodistribution studies and to detect gene doping in sport. Analysis of vector genomes and transgene expression is typically performed by qPCR using plasmid-based calibrants incorporating transgenic sequences. These often undergo limited characterisation and differ between manufacturers, potentially leading to inaccurate quantification, inconsistent inter-laboratory results and affecting clinical outcomes. Contamination of negative samples with such calibrants could cause false positive results. We developed a design strategy for synthetic reference materials (RMs) with modified transgenic sequences to prevent false positives due to cross-contamination. When such RM is amplified in transgene-specific assays, the amplicons are distinguishable from transgene's amplicons based on size and sequence. Using human erythropoietin as a model, we produced certified RM according to this strategy and following ISO Guide 35. Using non-viral and viral vectors, we validated the effectiveness of this RM in vector genome analysis in blood in vitro. The developed design strategy could be applied to production of RMs for other transgenes, genes or transcripts. Together with validated PCR assays, such RMs form a measurement tool that facilitates standardised, accurate and reliable genetic analysis in various applications.
MeSH term(s)	DNA, Recombinant/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Erythropoietin/genetics ; Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy/standards ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/standards ; Reference Standards ; Transgenes
Chemical Substances	DNA, Recombinant ; RNA, Messenger ; Erythropoietin (11096-26-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1191036-7
ISSN	1476-5462 ; 0969-7128
ISSN (online)	1476-5462
ISSN	0969-7128
DOI	10.1038/gt.2016.47
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Article ; Online: Gene doping detection: evaluation of approach for direct detection of gene transfer using erythropoietin as a model system.

Baoutina, A / Coldham, T / Bains, G S / Emslie, K R

Gene therapy

2010 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) 1022–1032

Abstract: As clinical gene therapy has progressed toward realizing its potential, concern over misuse of the technology to enhance performance in athletes is growing. Although 'gene doping' is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, its detection remains a major ... ...

Abstract	As clinical gene therapy has progressed toward realizing its potential, concern over misuse of the technology to enhance performance in athletes is growing. Although 'gene doping' is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, its detection remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed a methodology for direct detection of the transferred genetic material and evaluated its feasibility for gene doping detection in blood samples from athletes. Using erythropoietin (EPO) as a model gene and a simple in vitro system, we developed real-time PCR assays that target sequences within the transgene complementary DNA corresponding to exon/exon junctions. As these junctions are absent in the endogenous gene due to their interruption by introns, the approach allows detection of trace amounts of a transgene in a large background of the endogenous gene. Two developed assays and one commercial gene expression assay for EPO were validated. On the basis of ability of these assays to selectively amplify transgenic DNA and analysis of literature on testing of gene transfer in preclinical and clinical gene therapy, it is concluded that the developed approach would potentially be suitable to detect gene doping through gene transfer by analysis of small volumes of blood using regular out-of-competition testing.
MeSH term(s)	Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; Doping in Sports/prevention & control ; Erythropoietin/genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transgenes
Chemical Substances	Erythropoietin (11096-26-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1191036-7
ISSN	1476-5462 ; 0969-7128
ISSN (online)	1476-5462
ISSN	0969-7128
DOI	10.1038/gt.2010.49
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Article ; Online: DNA copy number concentration measured by digital and droplet digital quantitative PCR using certified reference materials.

Corbisier, Philippe / Pinheiro, Leonardo / Mazoua, Stéphane / Kortekaas, Anne-Marie / Chung, Pui Yan Jenny / Gerganova, Tsvetelina / Roebben, Gert / Emons, Hendrik / Emslie, Kerry

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

2015 Volume 407, Issue 7, Page(s) 1831–1840

Abstract: The value assignment for properties of six certified reference materials (ERM-AD623a-f), each containing a plasmid DNA solution ranging from 1 million to 10 copies per μL, by using digital PCR (dPCR) with the BioMark™ HD System (Fluidigm) has been ... ...

Abstract	The value assignment for properties of six certified reference materials (ERM-AD623a-f), each containing a plasmid DNA solution ranging from 1 million to 10 copies per μL, by using digital PCR (dPCR) with the BioMark™ HD System (Fluidigm) has been verified by applying droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using the QX100 system (Bio-Rad). One of the critical factors in the measurement of copy number concentrations by digital PCR is the partition volume. Therefore, we determined the average droplet volume by optical microscopy, revealing an average droplet volume that is 8 % smaller than the droplet volume used as the defined parameter in the QuantaSoft software version 1.3.2.0 (Bio-Rad) to calculate the copy number concentration. This observation explains why copy number concentrations estimated with ddPCR and using an average droplet volume predefined in the QuantaSoft software were systematically lower than those measured by dPCR, creating a significant bias between the values obtained by these two techniques. The difference was not significant anymore when the measured droplet volume of 0.834 nL was used to estimate copy number concentrations. A new version of QuantaSoft software (version 1.6.6.0320), which has since been released with Bio-Rad's new QX200 systems and QX100 upgrades, uses a droplet volume of 0.85 nL as a defined parameter to calculate copy number concentration.
MeSH term(s)	DNA Copy Number Variations ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Reference Standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	201093-8
ISSN	1618-2650 ; 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
ISSN (online)	1618-2650
ISSN	0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
DOI	10.1007/s00216-015-8458-z
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Article ; Online: Accurate measurement of DNA methylation that is traceable to the international system of units.

Burke, Daniel G / Griffiths, Kate / Kassir, Zena / Emslie, Kerry

Analytical chemistry

2009 Volume 81, Issue 17, Page(s) 7294–7301

Abstract: The increased presence of 5-methycytosine at gene promoter regions may be diagnostic of cancer. However, there are many stages in the measurement of gene promoter 5-methylcytosine content where inaccuracies may occur, and this may prevent the use of ... ...

Abstract	The increased presence of 5-methycytosine at gene promoter regions may be diagnostic of cancer. However, there are many stages in the measurement of gene promoter 5-methylcytosine content where inaccuracies may occur, and this may prevent the use of these measurements for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. A high accuracy LC-MS system was developed for measuring the degree of methylation in two 100 base pair amplicons generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in which 5-methylcytidine had been synthetically incorporated. Nucleotide monophosphate reference materials were used to calibrate the peak area ratio of cytidine and 5-methylcytidine to their mole ratio in enzymatic hydrolysates of the amplicons, thus enabling metrological traceability of the methylation ratio to the mole. The methylation values obtained agreed closely with the reference values assigned to the materials. A measurement uncertainty budget was completed and showed that the moisture content of the nucleotide monophosphate reference materials was the largest source of uncertainty in the methylation ratio measurement. Measurement of an oligonucleotide supplied with the materials provided evidence that such materials may be used for calibration of DNA methylation ratios without the need for measurement of moisture content. This raises the possibility that submicrogram amounts of appropriately characterized oligonucleotide reference materials could be used to calibrate methylation ratios obtained by contemporary methodologies (such as PCR after bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA) yielding values that are traceable to the International System of Units (SI). Such calibrated gene methylation measurements would then be internationally comparable as required for effective diagnostic and prognostic measurements.
MeSH term(s)	Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Calibration ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Cytidine/analogs & derivatives ; Cytidine/analysis ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Methylation ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	Cytidine (5CSZ8459RP) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; 5-methylcytidine (TL9PB228DC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Studies
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/ac901116f
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Article ; Audio / Video: Sampling Plan and Test Protocol for the Semiquantitative Detection of Genetically Modified Canola (Brassica napus) Seed in Bulk Canola Seed

Emslie, K.R / Whaites, L / Griffiths, K.R / Murby, E.J

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007 May 30, v. 55, no. 11

2007

Abstract: Using a statistical approach, sampling plans for the semiquantitative detection of genetically modified (GM) canola within a bulk seed sample can be developed and tailored to meet different GM thresholds, costs, and confidence limits. This is achieved by ...

Abstract	Using a statistical approach, sampling plans for the semiquantitative detection of genetically modified (GM) canola within a bulk seed sample can be developed and tailored to meet different GM thresholds, costs, and confidence limits. This is achieved by changing the number of subsamples analyzed, the number of seeds per subsample, and the percentage of positive results allowed. These sampling plans must be devised carefully, taking into account the detection capability of the analytical assay. This is particularly important in the case of InVigor (a registered trademark of Bayer CropScience) canola, for which expression levels of the introduced protein in seed are very low. Lateral flow assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were both investigated for their suitability as a qualitative assay using a subsampling approach. On the basis of an ELISA, several sampling plans have been devised and validated to provide at least 99% confidence that bulk seed samples containing at least 0.9% (w/w) InVigor canola will be detected. Although the term "seed" is used throughout this paper to refer to the canola, the term "seed" is to be taken to include both seed and the canola seed (grain) that is harvested by the farmer/grower.
Keywords	food quality ; canola ; Brassica napus var. napus ; seeds ; detection ; genetically modified organisms ; genetically modified foods ; Brassica napus ; mixtures ; bulk commodities ; food analysis ; quality control ; monitoring ; screening ; sampling ; methodology ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; reference standards ; food contamination ; statistical analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-0530
Size	p. 4414-4421.
Document type	Article ; Audio / Video
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/jf070267i
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis--a single disease. An hypothesis based upon the presence of transphyseal blood vessels.

Alderson, M / Speers, D / Emslie, K / Nade, S

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume

1986 Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) 268–274

Abstract: The acute childhood diseases haematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis were studied concurrently using avian models which closely resemble the human diseases. Ultrastructural studies during the initial stages of bone and joint ... ...

Abstract	The acute childhood diseases haematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis were studied concurrently using avian models which closely resemble the human diseases. Ultrastructural studies during the initial stages of bone and joint infection showed that adherence of bacteria to cartilage, bacterial proliferation, cartilage destruction and subsequent bacterial spread along the vascular channels within cartilage were common to both disease processes. Histological studies revealed that transphyseal blood vessels were present in the growing chickens and were a likely explanation for the frequency of the concurrence of acute osteomyelitis and adjacent joint infection following intravenous injection of bacteria. Transphyseal vessels provide a direct connection between the growth plate (physis) and epiphyseal cartilage supplying a route for bacteria to spread from an osteomyelitic focus in the metaphysis to the epiphysis and subsequently to the joint lumen.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/pathology ; Blood Vessels/pathology ; Chickens ; Disease Models, Animal ; Growth Plate/blood supply ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Osteomyelitis/microbiology ; Osteomyelitis/pathology ; Staphylococcal Infections/pathology ; Staphylococcus aureus
Language	English
Publishing date	1986-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	220626-2
ISSN	2044-5377 ; 0301-620X ; 0447-9076
ISSN (online)	2044-5377
ISSN	0301-620X ; 0447-9076
DOI	10.1302/0301-620X.68B2.3958014
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Article: Transphyseal blood vessels exist in avian species.

Alderson, M / Emslie, K / Speers, D / Nade, S

Journal of anatomy

1986 Volume 146, Page(s) 217–224

Abstract: The distal femora and proximal and distal tibiae of 4 weeks old broiler chickens have three main types of blood vessels in the growth plate region-metaphyseal, epiphyseal and transphyseal. The transphyseal vessels extend across the entire thickness of ... ...

Abstract	The distal femora and proximal and distal tibiae of 4 weeks old broiler chickens have three main types of blood vessels in the growth plate region-metaphyseal, epiphyseal and transphyseal. The transphyseal vessels extend across the entire thickness of the avian growth plate and provide a means of luminal communication between the metaphysis and epiphysis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens/anatomy & histology ; Epiphyses/blood supply ; Epiphyses/ultrastructure ; Growth Plate/blood supply ; Growth Plate/ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron
Language	English
Publishing date	1986-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2955-5
ISSN	1469-7580 ; 0021-8782
ISSN (online)	1469-7580
ISSN	0021-8782
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Article: Expression of recombinant glycoproteins in the simple eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum.

Slade, M B / Emslie, K R / Williams, K L

Biotechnology & genetic engineering reviews

1997 Volume 14, Page(s) 1–35

MeSH term(s)	Actins/biosynthesis ; Actins/genetics ; Animals ; Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis ; Dictyostelium ; Discoidins ; Fungal Proteins/biosynthesis ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering/methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycoproteins/biosynthesis ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Lectins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protozoan Proteins ; Receptor, Muscarinic M2 ; Receptors, Muscarinic/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
Chemical Substances	Actins ; Antigens, Surface ; Discoidins ; Fungal Proteins ; Glycoproteins ; Lectins ; Protozoan Proteins ; Receptor, Muscarinic M2 ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Recombinant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	1997
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	49457-4
ISSN	0264-8725
ISSN	0264-8725
DOI	10.1080/02648725.1997.10647937
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