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Article ; Online: Adults with cerebral palsy and Alzheimer disease: a missing link?

Engelborghs, Sebastiaan

Developmental medicine and child neurology

2021 Volume 64, Issue 3, Page(s) 284

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alzheimer Disease/complications ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80369-8
ISSN	1469-8749 ; 0012-1622
ISSN (online)	1469-8749
ISSN	0012-1622
DOI	10.1111/dmcn.15080
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Article ; Online: Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers for disease progression in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

Temmerman, Joke / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan / Bjerke, Maria / D'haeseleer, Miguel

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1162340

Abstract: Inflammatory processes are involved in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) but their exact contribution to disease progression remains to be deciphered. Biomarkers are needed to define pathophysiological ... ...

Abstract	Inflammatory processes are involved in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) but their exact contribution to disease progression remains to be deciphered. Biomarkers are needed to define pathophysiological processes of these disorders, who may increasingly co-exist in the elderly generations of the future, due to the rising prevalence in both and ameliorated treatment options with improved life expectancy in MS. The purpose of this review was to provide a systematic overview of inflammatory biomarkers, as measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), that are associated with clinical disease progression. International peer-reviewed literature was screened using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Disease progression had to be measured using clinically validated tests representing baseline functional and/or cognitive status, the evolution of such clinical scores over time and/or the transitioning from one disease stage to a more severe stage. The quality of included studies was systematically evaluated using a set of questions for clinical, neurochemical and statistical characteristics of the study. A total of 84 papers were included (twenty-five for AD and 59 for MS). Elevated CSF levels of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) were associated with disease progression in both AD and MS. Osteopontin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were more specifically related to disease progression in AD, whereas the same was true for interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-X-C motif ligand 13, glial fibrillary acidic protein and IgG oligoclonal bands in MS. We observed a broad heterogeneity of studies with varying cohort characterization, non-disclosure of quality measures for neurochemical analyses and a lack of adequate longitudinal designs. Most of the retrieved biomarkers are related to innate immune system activity, which seems to be an important mediator of clinical disease progression in AD and MS. Overall study quality was limited and we have framed some recommendations for future biomarker research in this field. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021264741.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid ; Disease Progression ; Multiple Sclerosis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162340
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Article ; Online: Anti-CASPR2 antibody-associated limbic encephalitis in a patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the throat.

Goovaerts, Sarah / Gens, Robin / Seynaeve, Laura / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan / Vandervorst, Fenne

Acta neurologica Belgica

2023 Volume 123, Issue 3, Page(s) 1205–1207

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Limbic Encephalitis/complications ; Pharynx ; Membrane Proteins ; Encephalitis/complications ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications ; Autoantibodies
Chemical Substances	Membrane Proteins ; Autoantibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-29
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	127315-2
ISSN	2240-2993 ; 0300-9009
ISSN (online)	2240-2993
ISSN	0300-9009
DOI	10.1007/s13760-023-02272-4
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Article ; Online: Melatonin levels in the Alzheimer's disease continuum: a systematic review.

Nous, Amber / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan / Smolders, Ilse

Alzheimer's research & therapy

2021 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 52

Abstract: Background: The search for new Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers with potential pathophysiological and clinical relevance continues, as new biomarkers might lead to improved early and differential diagnosis, ... ...

Abstract	Background: The search for new Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers with potential pathophysiological and clinical relevance continues, as new biomarkers might lead to improved early and differential diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and might even identify new druggable targets. Melatonin might be an interesting biomarker as an inverse correlation between CSF melatonin levels, and severity of the neuropathology as measured by Braak stages has been described. Melatonin can be measured in different body fluids, such as CSF, blood, saliva and urine. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to review all available studies regarding melatonin levels in different body fluids in the AD continuum and give an extensive overview of reported outcomes. Methods: We included papers comparing melatonin levels between healthy controls and human patients belonging to the AD continuum. A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science led to inclusion of 20 full-length English papers following exclusion of duplicates. Results: This systematic literature search showed that disruptions in melatonin levels occur with age, but also in AD when compared to age-matched controls. Night-time melatonin levels were found to be lower in CSF and blood of AD patients as compared to controls. Literature was not conclusive regarding alterations in blood daytime melatonin levels or regarding saliva melatonin in AD patients. Decreased total and night-time melatonin production has been described in urine of AD patients. Conclusion: Our systematic review shows evidence for disruptions in (night-time) melatonin levels in AD as compared to age-matched controls. Although more studies are needed to understand the contribution of disruption of the melatonergic system to the pathophysiology of AD, the potential anti-AD effects that have been attributed to melatonin, renders research on this topic relevant for the discovery of potential future treatment effects of melatonin for AD. The use of melatonin as potential blood biomarker for disease progression should also be further investigated.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Melatonin
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2506521-X
ISSN	1758-9193 ; 1758-9193
ISSN (online)	1758-9193
ISSN	1758-9193
DOI	10.1186/s13195-021-00788-6
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Article: Experiences with and perspectives on advance care planning in young- and late- onset dementia: A focus group study with physicians from various disciplines.

Van Rickstal, Romy / De Vleminck, Aline / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan / Van den Block, Lieve

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2023 Volume 15, Page(s) 1130642

Abstract: Introduction: Despite the relevance of advance care planning (ACP) for people with dementia, its uptake in this population is particularly low. Several challenges for ACP in dementia have been identified from physicians' perspectives. However, the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Despite the relevance of advance care planning (ACP) for people with dementia, its uptake in this population is particularly low. Several challenges for ACP in dementia have been identified from physicians' perspectives. However, the literature available mainly includes general practitioners and focuses exclusively on the context of late-onset dementia. This is the first study to inquire physicians from four highly relevant specialisms in dementia care, with a focus toward potential specificities based on patients' age. The research question of this study is: "What are physicians' experiences with and perspectives on discussing ACP with people with young- and/or late-onset dementia?". Methods: Five online focus groups were conducted with 21 physicians (general practitioners, psychiatrists, neurologists and geriatricians) in Flanders, Belgium. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed through the qualitative method of constant comparative analysis. Results: Physicians believed that the societal stigma related to dementia influences people's reaction to their diagnosis, at times characterized by catastrophic expectations for the future. In this regard, they explained that the topic of euthanasia is sometimes addressed by patients very early in the disease trajectory. Respondents paid ample attention to actual end-of-life decisions, including DNR directives, when discussing ACP in dementia. Physicians felt responsible for providing accurate information on both dementia as a condition, and the legal framework of end-of-life decisions. Most participants felt that patients' and caregivers' wish for ACP was more driven by who their personality than by their age. Nonetheless, physicians identified specificities for a younger dementia population in terms of ACP: they believed that ACP covered more domains of life than for older persons. A high consistency regarding the viewpoints of physicians from differing specialisms was noted. Discussion: Physicians acknowledge the added value of ACP for people with dementia and especially their caregivers. However, they face several challenges for engaging in the process. Attending to specific needs in young-onset, in comparison to late-onset dementia, requires ACP to entail more than solely medical domains. However, a medicalized view on ACP still appears to be dominant in practice as opposed to its broader conceptualization in academia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2023.1130642
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Article ; Online: Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Early and Differential Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis.

Bjerke, Maria / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

2018 Volume 62, Issue 3, Page(s) 1199–1209

Abstract: An accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important to select optimal patient care and is critical in current clinical trials targeting core AD neuropathological features. The past decades, much progress has been made in the ... ...

Abstract	An accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important to select optimal patient care and is critical in current clinical trials targeting core AD neuropathological features. The past decades, much progress has been made in the development and validation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the biochemical diagnosis of AD, including standardization and harmonization of (pre-) analytical procedures. This has resulted in three core CSF biomarkers for AD diagnostics, namely the 42 amino acid long amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ1-42), total tau protein (T-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181). These biomarkers have been incorporated into research diagnostic criteria for AD and have an added value in the (differential) diagnosis of AD and related disorders, including mixed pathologies, atypical presentations, and in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnoses. The implementation of the CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in the core biomarker panel will improve the biomarker analytical variability, and will also improve early and differential AD diagnosis through a more accurate reflection of pathology. Numerous biomarkers are being investigated for their added value to the core AD biomarkers, aiming at the AD core pathological features like the amyloid mismetabolism, tau pathology, or synaptic or neuronal degeneration. Others aim at non-AD neurodegenerative, vascular or inflammatory hallmarks. Biomarkers are essential for an accurate identification of preclinical AD in the context of clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, a biomarker-based early diagnosis of AD offers great opportunities for preventive treatment development in the near future.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid ; Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1440127-7
ISSN	1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
ISSN (online)	1875-8908
ISSN	1387-2877
DOI	10.3233/JAD-170680
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Article: Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly-An Early Symptom of Dementia? A Systematic Review.

Wiels, Wietse / Baeken, Chris / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan

Frontiers in pharmacology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 34

Abstract: Background: Depression and dementia are common incapacitating diseases in old age. The exact nature of the relationship between these conditions remains unclear, and multiple explanations have been suggested: depressive symptoms may be a risk factor for, ...

Abstract	Background: Depression and dementia are common incapacitating diseases in old age. The exact nature of the relationship between these conditions remains unclear, and multiple explanations have been suggested: depressive symptoms may be a risk factor for, a prodromal symptom of, or a coincidental finding in dementia. They may even be unrelated or only connected through common risk factors. Multiple studies so far have provided conflicting results. Objectives: To determine whether a systematic literature review can clarify the nature of the relation between depressive symptoms and dementia. Methods: Using the Patient/Problem/Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome or PICO paradigm, a known framework for framing healthcare and evidence questions, we formulated the question "whether depressive symptoms in cognitively intact older adults are associated with a diagnosis of dementia later in life." We performed a systematic literature review of MEDLINE and PsycINFO in November 2018, looking for prospective cohort studies examining the aforementioned question. Results: We critically analyzed and listed 31 relevant papers out of 1,656 and grouped them according to the main hypothesis they support: depressive symptoms as a risk factor, not a risk factor, a prodromal symptom, both, or some specific other hypothesis. All but three studies used clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia alone (i.e., no biomarkers or autopsy confirmation). Several studies contain solid arguments for the hypotheses they support, yet they do not formally contradict other findings or suggested explanations and are heterogeneous. Conclusions: The exact nature of the relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia in the elderly remains inconclusive, with multiple studies supporting both the risk factor and prodromal hypotheses. Some provide arguments for common risk factors. It seems unlikely that there is no connection at all. We conclude that at least in a significant part of the patients, depressive symptoms and dementia are related. This may be due to common risk factors and/or depressive symptoms being a prodromal symptom of dementia and/or depression being a risk factor for dementia. These causal associations possibly overlap in some patients. Further research is warranted to develop predictive biomarkers and to develop interventions that may attenuate the risk of "conversion" from depressive symptoms to dementia in the elderly.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2020.00034
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Article ; Online: Diagnostic précoce de la maladie d’Alzheimer (avec la consultation d’annonce).

Ivanoiu, Adrian / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan / Hanseeuw, Bernard

La Revue du praticien

2020 Volume 70, Issue 2, Page(s) 158–163

Abstract: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (with the announcement of the diagnosis). The number of patients consulting to find out if they have Alzheimer's disease continues to grow. Reasons to consult most often include anxiety about being affected by this ... ...

Title translation	Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (with the announcement of the diagnosis).
Abstract	Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (with the announcement of the diagnosis). The number of patients consulting to find out if they have Alzheimer's disease continues to grow. Reasons to consult most often include anxiety about being affected by this disease, confidence in medical and therapeutic advances relayed in the media and the desire to plan for the future, taking into account a possible deterioration. Advances in the knowledge of the natural history of the disease and the technical progress currently allow an early diagnosis, before the stage of dementia. Although the clinical use of biomarkers is justified in patients who have attended a Memory Clinic, ethical issues remain. The disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease to the person who is not yet suffering from dementia remains a sensitive subject. In this context, it seems appropriate at this stage to restrict the use of these methods to centers specializing in early diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease ; Biomarkers ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	French
Publishing date	2020-09-02
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	205365-2
ISSN	2101-017X ; 0035-2640
ISSN (online)	2101-017X
ISSN	0035-2640
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Article ; Online: A qualitative study with people with young-onset dementia and their family caregivers on advance care planning: A holistic, flexible, and relational approach is recommended.

Van Rickstal, Romy / Vleminck, Aline De / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan / Versijpt, Jan / Van den Block, Lieve

Palliative medicine

2022 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 964–975

Abstract: Background: Broad consensus exists on the relevance of advance care planning in dementia. Although people with young-onset dementia and their family are hypothesized to have distinct needs and preferences in this area, they are hardly ever included in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Broad consensus exists on the relevance of advance care planning in dementia. Although people with young-onset dementia and their family are hypothesized to have distinct needs and preferences in this area, they are hardly ever included in studies. Aim: We aim to explore the experiences with and views on advance care planning of people with young-onset dementia and their family caregivers. Design: A qualitative study was conducted, analyzing semi-structured interviews through the method of constant comparative analysis. Setting/participants: We included 10 people with young-onset dementia and 10 of their family caregivers in Flanders. Results: Participants lacked awareness about the concept of advance care planning, especially as a communication process. They had not or barely engaged in planning future care yet pointed out possible benefits of doing so. Initially, people with young-onset dementia and their caregivers directly associated advance care planning with planning for the actual end of life. When discussing advance care planning as a communication process, they paid ample attention to non-medical aspects and did not distinguish between medical, mental, and social health. Rather, respondents thought in the overarching framework of what is important to them now and in the future. Conclusions: Engagement in advance care planning might be hindered if it is too medicalized and exclusively patient-centered. To accommodate advance care planning to people with young-onset dementia's and their caregivers' needs, it should be presented and implemented as a holistic, flexible, and relational communication process. Policy and practice recommendations are provided on how to do so.
MeSH term(s)	Advance Care Planning ; Caregivers ; Death ; Dementia ; Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Terminal Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639247-7
ISSN	1477-030X ; 0269-2163
ISSN (online)	1477-030X
ISSN	0269-2163
DOI	10.1177/02692163221090385
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Article: Cognitive Writing Process Characteristics in Alzheimer's Disease.

Meulemans, Catherine / Leijten, Mariëlle / Van Waes, Luuk / Engelborghs, Sebastiaan / De Maeyer, Sven

Frontiers in psychology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 872280

Abstract: In this article, we explore if the observation of writing behavior can assist in the screening and follow-up of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this end, we examined the extent to which overall ... ...

Abstract	In this article, we explore if the observation of writing behavior can assist in the screening and follow-up of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this end, we examined the extent to which overall writing process measures and pausing behavior during writing differed between 15 cognitively impaired patients and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants completed two typed picture description tasks that were registered with Inputlog, a keystroke logging program that captures keyboard activity during text production. The following variables were analyzed with mixed-effects models: time on task; number of characters, pauses and Pause-bursts per minute; proportion of pause time; duration of Pause-bursts; and pause time between words. For pause time between words, also the effect of pauses preceding specific word categories was analyzed. Results showed a main effect of group on all variables. In addition, for pause time between words a main effect of part-of-speech was found as well. Results indicate that writing process analysis can possibly serve as a supplementary tool for the screening and follow-up of AD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872280
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