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  1. Article ; Online: Sport concussion assessment in New Zealand high school rugby players: a collaborative approach to the challenges faced in primary care.

    Salmon, Danielle M / Chua, Jason / Sullivan, S John / Whatman, Chris / Brown, James / Register-Mihalik, Johna / Murphy, Ian / Walters, Simon / Clacy, Amanda / Sole, Gisela / Kerr, Zachary Y / Rasmussen, Karen / England, Mike

    Brain injury

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 258–270

    Abstract: Primary objective: To describe the collaborative development of a New Zealand Rugby Concussion Assessment (NZRCA) for primary care and to provide normative baseline data from a representative group of high school rugby players.: Methods: This study, ... ...

    Abstract Primary objective: To describe the collaborative development of a New Zealand Rugby Concussion Assessment (NZRCA) for primary care and to provide normative baseline data from a representative group of high school rugby players.
    Methods: This study, conducted over the 2018 and 2019 community rugby season where players were baseline tested during the pre- or start of season period.
    Results: Data were collected from 1428 players (males n = 1121, females n = 307) with a mean age of 15.9 ± 1.4 years. The mean ± SD symptom severity score was 11.3 ± 8.6, the mean number of endorsed symptoms was 8.5 ± 5.3 and the percentage feeling "normal" was 80.2 ± 15.3%. Only 5.3% of players reported no symptoms at baseline. The most common reported were: 'distracted easily' (72.5%), 'forgetful' (68.5%), and 'often tired' (62.6%). None of the participants achieved a perfect score for the SAC50. The majority of participants (89.7%) passed the tandem gait test with a time of 12.2 ± 1.7 seconds. Age, gender, and ethnicity were associated with NZRCA performance; albeit weakly.
    Conclusion: This study provides normative reference values for high-school rugby players. These data will aid healthcare providers in their identification of suspected concussion in the absence of individualized baselines.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Athletic Injuries/diagnosis ; Brain Concussion/diagnosis ; Female ; Football ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Primary Health Care ; Rugby ; Schools
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639115-1
    ISSN 1362-301X ; 0269-9052
    ISSN (online) 1362-301X
    ISSN 0269-9052
    DOI 10.1080/02699052.2022.2033839
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  2. Article ; Online: Collapsed scrums and collision tackles: what is the injury risk?

    Roberts, Simon P / Trewartha, Grant / England, Mike / Stokes, Keith A

    British journal of sports medicine

    2015  Volume 49, Issue 8, Page(s) 536–540

    Abstract: Aim: To establish the propensity for specific contact events to cause injury in rugby union.: Methods: Medical staff at participating English community-level rugby clubs reported any injury resulting in the absence for one match or more from the day ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To establish the propensity for specific contact events to cause injury in rugby union.
    Methods: Medical staff at participating English community-level rugby clubs reported any injury resulting in the absence for one match or more from the day of the injury during the 2009/2010 (n=46), 2010/2011 (n=67) and 2011/2012 (n=76) seasons. Injury severity was defined as the number of matches missed. Thirty community rugby matches were filmed and the number of contact events (tackles, collision tackles, rucks, mauls, lineouts and scrums) recorded.
    Results: Of 370 (95% CI 364 to 378) contact events per match, 141 (137 to 145) were tackles, 115 (111 to 119) were rucks and 32 (30 to 33) were scrums. Tackles resulted in the greatest propensity for injury (2.3 (2.2 to 2.4) injuries/1000 events) and the greatest severity (16 (15 to 17) weeks missed/1000 events). Collision tackles (illegal tackles involving a shoulder charge) had a propensity for injury of 15 (12.4 to 18.3) injuries/1000 events and severity was 92 (75 to 112) weeks missed/1000 events, both of which were higher than any other event. Additional scrum analysis showed that only 5% of all scrums collapsed, but the propensity for injury was four times higher (2.9 (1.5 to 5.4) injuries/1000 events) and the severity was six times greater (22 (12 to 42) weeks missed/1000 events) than for non-collapsed scrums.
    Conclusions: Injury prevention in the tackle should focus on technique with strict enforcement of existing laws for illegal collision tackles. The scrum is a relatively controllable event and further attempts should be made to reduce the frequency of scrum collapse.
    MeSH term(s) Absenteeism ; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology ; Athletic Injuries/etiology ; Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology ; Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology ; Extremities/injuries ; Football/injuries ; Football/physiology ; Football/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neck Injuries/epidemiology ; Neck Injuries/etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Torso/injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092988
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Baseline concussion assessment performance of community-based senior rugby players: a cross-sectional study.

    Salmon, Danielle M / Chua, Jason / Sullivan, S John / Whatman, Chris / Brown, James / Register-Mihalik, Johna / Murphy, Ian / Walters, Simon / Clacy, Amanda / Sole, Gisela / Kerr, Zachary Y / Rasmussen, Karen / England, Mike

    Brain injury

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 11, Page(s) 1433–1442

    Abstract: Objective: To report pre-season baseline concussion assessment performance among senior rugby players and explore associations between assessment performance and player demographics.: Design: A cross-sectional study using the New Zealand Rugby ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To report pre-season baseline concussion assessment performance among senior rugby players and explore associations between assessment performance and player demographics.
    Design: A cross-sectional study using the New Zealand Rugby Concussion Assessments (NZRCA), comprising symptom, cognitive and dynamic coordination assessments was conducted in the 2018-2019 season.
    Methods: Players' baseline assessments were characterised using descriptive statistics; effect sizes (ES) and t-tests were used to explore associations between player demographic characteristics and NZRCA performance.
    Results: A total of 733 players (11.4% female) aged between 16 and 52 years completed the NZRCA. The median (range) value for symptom severity, endorsed symptoms and "percentage normal" was respectively, 5 (0-40), 5 (0-21) and 90% (30-100%). A perfect standardised assessment of concussion score was achieved by one participant; seven achieved ≥27/30 for immediate recall, and 22 achieved a perfect delayed recall score. Most participants (n = 674, 92%) passed the tandem gait test. Associations between NZRCA performance and gender, concussion history, and Pasifika ethnicity were observed with effect sizes ranging from small (0.18) to large (0.70). Six hundred and twenty-three (85%) participants reported at least one symptom.
    Conclusions: The results from this study could help support decision-making by clinicians, improving the management of concussions in the community setting.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletic Injuries/diagnosis ; Brain Concussion/diagnosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Football ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Rugby ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639115-1
    ISSN 1362-301X ; 0269-9052
    ISSN (online) 1362-301X
    ISSN 0269-9052
    DOI 10.1080/02699052.2021.1972452
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  4. Article ; Online: Efficacy of a movement control injury prevention programme in adult men's community rugby union: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

    Attwood, Matthew J / Roberts, Simon P / Trewartha, Grant / England, Mike E / Stokes, Keith A

    British journal of sports medicine

    2017  

    Abstract: Background: Exercise programmes aimed at reducing injury have been shown to be efficacious for some non-collision sports, but evidence in adult men's collision sports such as rugby union is lacking.: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a movement ... ...

    Abstract Background: Exercise programmes aimed at reducing injury have been shown to be efficacious for some non-collision sports, but evidence in adult men's collision sports such as rugby union is lacking.
    Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a movement control injury prevention exercise programme for reducing match injuries in adult men's community rugby union players.
    Methods: 856 clubs were invited to participate in this prospective cluster randomised (single-blind) controlled trial where clubs were the unit of randomisation. 81 volunteered and were randomly assigned (intervention/control). A 42-week exercise programme was followed throughout the season. The control programme reflected 'normal practice' exercises, whereas the intervention focused on proprioception, balance, cutting, landing and resistance exercises.Outcome measures were match injury incidence and burden for: (1) all ≥8 days time-loss injuries and (2) targeted (lower limb, shoulder, head and neck, excluding fractures and lacerations) ≥8 days time-loss injuries.
    Results: Poisson regression identified no clear effects on overall injury outcomes. A likely beneficial difference in targeted injury incidence (rate ratio (RR), 90% CI=0.6, 0.4 to 1.0) was identified, with a 40% reduction in lower-limb incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.6, 0.4 to 1.0) and a 60% reduction in concussion incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.4, 0.2 to 0.7) in the intervention group. Comparison between arms for clubs with highest compliance (≥median compliance) demonstrated very likely beneficial 60% reductions in targeted injury incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.4, 0.2 to 0.8) and targeted injury burden (RR, 90% CI=0.4, 0.2 to 0.7).
    Conclusions: The movement control injury prevention programme resulted in likely beneficial reductions in lower-limb injuries and concussion. Higher intervention compliance was associated with reduced targeted injury incidence and burden.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Incidence and Nature of Medical Attendance Injuries in English Community Rugby Union.

    Roberts, Simon P / Trewartha, Grant / England, Mike / Stokes, Keith A

    Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine

    2014  Volume 2, Issue 12, Page(s) 2325967114562781

    Abstract: Background: Previous research has identified injury patterns during community-level rugby union match play, but none have investigated the frequency and reasons for on-field injury management.: Purpose: To establish the frequency, reasons, and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Previous research has identified injury patterns during community-level rugby union match play, but none have investigated the frequency and reasons for on-field injury management.
    Purpose: To establish the frequency, reasons, and patterns of on-field injury management in English community rugby, including differences between different levels of play.
    Study design: Descriptive epidemiology study.
    Methods: Over 3 seasons, injury information was collected from 46 (2009-2010), 67 (2010-2011), and 76 (2011-2012) English community clubs (Rugby Football Union [RFU] levels 3-9). Club injury management staff reported information for all medical attendances during match play, including details on the injury site and type, playing position (seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 only), and whether the player was removed from play. Clubs were subdivided into groups A (RFU levels 3 and 4 [mainly semiprofessional]; n = 39), B (RFU levels 5 and 6 [mainly amateur]; n = 71), and C (RFU levels 7-9 [social and recreational]; n = 79) to differentiate playing levels.
    Results: The overall medical attendance incidence was 229 per 1000 player-match hours (95% CI, 226-232), with 45 players removed per 1000 player-match hours (95% CI, 44-46). Attendance incidence for group A (294 per 1000 player-match hours; 95% CI, 287-301) was higher compared with group B (213; 95% CI, 208-218; P < .001) and C (204; 95% CI, 200-209; P < .001). There was a higher incidence of attendances to forwards (254; 95% CI, 249-259) compared with backs (191; 95% CI, 187-196; P < .001). The head was the most common specific site of injury (55 per 1000 player-match hours; 95% CI, 53-57) but the lower limb region overall accounted for most attendances (87; 95% CI, 85-89) and the greatest chance of removal from the pitch (22; 95% CI, 21-23).
    Conclusion: With the likelihood of 1 injury for each team per match severe enough for the player to leave the pitch and with at least 1 attendance for a head injury per match, there is clear evidence that pitch side staff should be trained to recognize potentially serious injuries.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2706251-X
    ISSN 2325-9671
    ISSN 2325-9671
    DOI 10.1177/2325967114562781
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  6. Article ; Online: Reducing musculoskeletal injury and concussion risk in schoolboy rugby players with a pre-activity movement control exercise programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

    Hislop, Michael D / Stokes, Keith A / Williams, Sean / McKay, Carly D / England, Mike E / Kemp, Simon P T / Trewartha, Grant

    British journal of sports medicine

    2017  Volume 51, Issue 15, Page(s) 1140–1146

    Abstract: Background: Injury risk in youth rugby has received much attention, highlighting the importance of establishing evidence-based injury reduction strategies.: Aim: To determine the efficacy of a movement control exercise programme in reducing injuries ... ...

    Abstract Background: Injury risk in youth rugby has received much attention, highlighting the importance of establishing evidence-based injury reduction strategies.
    Aim: To determine the efficacy of a movement control exercise programme in reducing injuries in youth rugby players and to investigate the effect of programme dose on injury measures.
    Methods: In a cluster-randomised controlled trial, 40 independent schools (118 teams, 3188 players aged 14-18 years) were allocated to receive either the intervention or a reference programme, both of which were to be delivered by school coaches. The intervention comprised balance training, whole-body resistance training, plyometric training, and controlled rehearsal of landing and cutting manoeuvres. Time-loss (>24 hours) injuries arising from school rugby matches were recorded by coaches and medical staff.
    Results: 441 time-loss match injuries (intervention, 233; control, 208) were reported across 15 938 match exposure-hours (intervention, 9083; control, 6855). Intention-to-treat results indicated unclear effects of trial arm on overall match injury incidence (rate ratio (RR)=0.85, 90% confidence limits 0.61 to 1.17), although clear reductions were evident in the intervention arm for concussion incidence (RR=0.71, 0.48 to 1.05). When trial arm comparisons were limited to teams who had completed three or more weekly programme sessions on average, clear reductions in overall match injury incidence (RR=0.28, 0.14 to 0.51) and concussion incidence (RR=0.41, 0.17 to 0.99) were noted in the intervention group.
    Conclusion: A preventive movement control exercise programme can reduce match injury outcomes, including concussion, in schoolboy rugby players when compared with a standardised control exercise programme, although to realise the greatest effects players should complete the programme at least three times per week.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Athletic Injuries/prevention & control ; Brain Concussion/prevention & control ; Football/injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Human ; Plyometric Exercise ; Postural Balance ; Resistance Training
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097434
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Epidemiology of time-loss injuries in English community-level rugby union.

    Roberts, Simon P / Trewartha, Grant / England, Mike / Shaddick, Gavin / Stokes, Keith A

    BMJ open

    2013  Volume 3, Issue 11, Page(s) e003998

    Abstract: Objectives: Using a prospective cohort study design, to establish the incidence and nature of time-loss injuries in English community rugby and to assess the differences between different playing levels.: Setting: English community rugby clubs.: ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Using a prospective cohort study design, to establish the incidence and nature of time-loss injuries in English community rugby and to assess the differences between different playing levels.
    Setting: English community rugby clubs.
    Participants: Injury information for 4635 matches was collected during seasons 2009/2010 (46 clubs), 2010/2011(67 clubs) and 2011/2012 (76 clubs). Clubs were subdivided into groups A (semiprofessional), B (amateur) and C (recreational) for analysis.
    Primary and secondary outcome measures: Any injury resulting in 8 days or greater absence from match play was reported by injury management staff at the clubs. The primary outcome measure was injury incidence (per 1000 player match-hours) and the secondary outcome measure was severity (ie, days absence).
    Results: Overall match injury incidence was 16.9 injuries per 1000 player match-hours. Incidence was higher for group A (21.7; 95% CI 19.8 to 23.6) compared with group B (16.6; 95% CI 15.2 to 17.9) and C (14.2; 95% CI 13.0 to 15.5, both p<0.001). The mean time-loss was 7.6 weeks absence, with knee and shoulder injuries the most severe with mean absences of 11.6 and 9.3 weeks, respectively. Half of all injuries occurred to the lower limb, with knee and ankle joint/ligament injuries the most common diagnoses. Shoulder joint/ligament injuries were the most common and severe upper limb injuries. Contact events accounted for 80% of all injuries and tackles accounted for 50%. Running was the most common non-contact injury event, of which 56% were hamstring injuries.
    Conclusions: More time-loss injuries occur at higher levels of community rugby. Injury prevention strategies should focus on good technique in the tackle and conditioning exercises for the knee, ankle, hamstrings and shoulder.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003998
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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