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Article ; Online: Heatwaves are detrimental to fertility in the viviparous tsetse fly.

Weaving, Hester / Terblanche, John S / English, Sinead

2024 Volume 291, Issue 2018, Page(s) 20232710

Abstract: Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change, pushing animals beyond physiological limits. While most studies focus on survival limits, sublethal effects on fertility tend to occur below lethal thresholds, and consequently ... ...

Abstract	Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change, pushing animals beyond physiological limits. While most studies focus on survival limits, sublethal effects on fertility tend to occur below lethal thresholds, and consequently can be as important for population viability. Typically, male fertility is more heat-sensitive than female fertility, yet direct comparisons are limited. Here, we measured the effect of experimental heatwaves on tsetse flies,
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Animals ; Tsetse Flies ; Hot Temperature ; Fertility ; Reproduction ; Climate Change
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2023.2710
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Article: How plastic are upper thermal limits? A comparative study in tsetse (family: Glossinidae) and wider Diptera.

Weaving, Hester / Terblanche, John S / English, Sinead

Journal of thermal biology

2023 Volume 118, Page(s) 103745

Abstract: Critical thermal maximum ( ... ...

Abstract	Critical thermal maximum (CT
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Glossinidae ; Diptera ; Acclimatization/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1498364-3
ISSN	1879-0992 ; 0306-4565
ISSN (online)	1879-0992
ISSN	0306-4565
DOI	10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103745
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Article ; Online: Age‐dependent changes in reproductive allocation in a facultative ectoparasite, the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Calliphoridae)

Alqurashi, Shatha / English, Sinéad / Wall, Richard

Physiological Entomology. 2023 Sept., v. 48, no. 2-3 p.68-74

2023

Abstract: Organisms trade‐off limited resources between life‐history traits to maximize fitness. In particular, costs associated with reproduction are balanced against somatic maintenance and this can result in age‐dependent changes in the optimal allocation of ... ...

Abstract	Organisms trade‐off limited resources between life‐history traits to maximize fitness. In particular, costs associated with reproduction are balanced against somatic maintenance and this can result in age‐dependent changes in the optimal allocation of resource to reproduction. Changes in the allocation of resources to reproduction with age were considered in the facultatively parasitic blowfly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae), using biochemical analysis of lipids in the body and ovary, and lipid and protein in individual eggs. Resource allocation to reproduction, measured as lipid content in the ovary, declined over time. This decline was associated with the production of fewer and smaller eggs per batch. The lipid content of the residual body did not change. A decrease in lipid and increase in protein contents of individual eggs over time, although statistically significant, were relatively slight, suggesting that age‐related changes in nutritional allocation to individual eggs were more subtle than changes in egg batch number or size. This study highlights the insights to be gained from considering both biochemical measures of nutritional allocation, and observable measures of reproductive effort, when evaluating how females balance allocation across competing life‐history traits. Future work should explore how allocation patterns might vary under conditions of resource constraint and whether age‐dependent allocation in laboratory flies is representative of that found in wild populations.
Keywords	Lucilia sericata ; ectoparasites ; eggs ; entomology ; life history ; lipid content ; lipids ; reproduction ; resource allocation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Size	p. 68-74.
Publishing place	The Royal Entomological Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	194751-5
ISSN	0307-6962
ISSN	0307-6962
DOI	10.1111/phen.12403
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: No evidence for direct thermal carryover effects on starvation tolerance in the obligate blood-feeder,

Weaving, Hester / Lord, Jennifer S / Haines, Lee / English, Sinead

Ecology and evolution

2023 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) e10652

Abstract: Thermal stress during development can prime animals to cope better with similar conditions in later life. Alternatively, negative effects of thermal stress can persist across life stages and result in poorer quality adults (negative carryover effects). ... ...

Abstract	Thermal stress during development can prime animals to cope better with similar conditions in later life. Alternatively, negative effects of thermal stress can persist across life stages and result in poorer quality adults (negative carryover effects). As mean temperatures increase due to climate change, evidence for such effects across diverse taxa is required. Using
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.10652
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Article ; Online: Stress in the social context: a behavioural and eco-evolutionary perspective.

MacLeod, Kirsty J / English, Sinead / Ruuskanen, Suvi K / Taborsky, Barbara

The Journal of experimental biology

2023 Volume 226, Issue 15

Abstract: The social environment is one of the primary sources of challenging stimuli that can induce a stress response in animals. It comprises both short-term and stable interactions among conspecifics (including unrelated individuals, mates, potential mates and ...

Abstract	The social environment is one of the primary sources of challenging stimuli that can induce a stress response in animals. It comprises both short-term and stable interactions among conspecifics (including unrelated individuals, mates, potential mates and kin). Social stress is of unique interest in the field of stress research because (1) the social domain is arguably the most complex and fluctuating component of an animal's environment; (2) stress is socially transmissible; and (3) stress can be buffered by social partners. Thus, social interactions can be both the cause and cure of stress. Here, we review the history of social stress research, and discuss social stressors and their effects on organisms across early life and adulthood. We also consider cross-generational effects. We discuss the physiological mechanisms underpinning social stressors and stress responses, as well as the potential adaptive value of responses to social stressors. Finally, we identify outstanding challenges in social stress research, and propose a framework for addressing these in future work.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Stress, Psychological ; Biological Evolution ; Social Environment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218085-6
ISSN	1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
ISSN (online)	1477-9145
ISSN	0022-0949
DOI	10.1242/jeb.245829
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Article ; Online: Meta-analysis reveals weak but pervasive plasticity in insect thermal limits.

Weaving, Hester / Terblanche, John S / Pottier, Patrice / English, Sinead

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5292

Abstract: Extreme temperature events are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Such events threaten insects, including pollinators, pests and disease vectors. Insect critical thermal limits can be enhanced through acclimation, yet evidence ... ...

Abstract	Extreme temperature events are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Such events threaten insects, including pollinators, pests and disease vectors. Insect critical thermal limits can be enhanced through acclimation, yet evidence that plasticity aids survival at extreme temperatures is limited. Here, using meta-analyses across 1374 effect sizes, 74 studies and 102 species, we show that thermal limit plasticity is pervasive but generally weak: per 1 °C rise in acclimation temperature, critical thermal maximum increases by 0.09 °C; and per 1 °C decline, critical thermal minimum decreases by 0.15 °C. Moreover, small but significant publication bias suggests that the magnitude of plasticity is marginally overestimated. We find juvenile insects are more plastic than adults, highlighting that physiological responses of insects vary through ontogeny. Overall, we show critical thermal limit plasticity is likely of limited benefit to insects during extreme climatic events, yet we need more studies in under-represented taxa and geographic regions.
MeSH term(s)	Acclimatization/physiology ; Animals ; Climate Change ; Hot Temperature ; Insecta/physiology ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-32953-2
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Article: Physiological dynamics, reproduction-maintenance allocations, and life history evolution.

English, Sinead / Bonsall, Michael B

Ecology and evolution

2019 Volume 9, Issue 16, Page(s) 9312–9323

Abstract: Allocation of resources to competing processes of growth, maintenance, or reproduction is arguably a key process driving the physiology of life history trade-offs and has been shown to affect immune defenses, the evolution of aging, and the evolutionary ... ...

Abstract	Allocation of resources to competing processes of growth, maintenance, or reproduction is arguably a key process driving the physiology of life history trade-offs and has been shown to affect immune defenses, the evolution of aging, and the evolutionary ecology of offspring quality. Here, we develop a framework to investigate the evolutionary consequences of physiological dynamics by developing theory linking reproductive cell dynamics and components of fitness associated with costly resource allocation decisions to broader life history consequences. We scale these reproductive cell allocation decisions to population-level survival and fecundity using a life history approach and explore the effects of investment in reproduction or tissue-specific repair (somatic or reproductive) on the force of selection, reproductive effort, and resource allocation decisions. At the cellular level, we show that investment in protecting reproductive cells increases fitness when reproductive cell maturation rate is high or reproductive cell death is high. At the population level, life history fitness measures show that cellular protection increases reproductive value by differential investment in somatic or reproductive cells and the optimal allocation of resources to reproduction is moulded by this level of investment. Our model provides a framework to understand the evolutionary consequences of physiological processes underlying trade-offs and highlights the insights to be gained from considering fitness at multiple levels, from cell dynamics through to population growth.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.5477
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Article ; Online: Inequities in spatial access to health services in Ghanaian cities.

Dumedah, Gift / Iddrisu, Seidu / Asare, Christabel / Adu-Prah, Samuel / English, Sinead

Health policy and planning

2023 Volume 38, Issue 10, Page(s) 1166–1180

Abstract: Consideration of health equity is fundamental to enhancing the health of those who are economically/socially disadvantaged. A vital characteristic of health equity and therefore health disparity is the level of spatial access to health services and its ... ...

Abstract	Consideration of health equity is fundamental to enhancing the health of those who are economically/socially disadvantaged. A vital characteristic of health equity and therefore health disparity is the level of spatial access to health services and its distribution among populations. Adequate knowledge of health disparity is critical to enhancing the optimal allocation of resources, identification of underserved populations and improving the efficiency and performance of the health system. The provision of such insight for sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities is a challenge and is severely limited in the literature. Accordingly, this study examined the disparities in potential spatial access to health services for four selected urban areas in Ghana based on: (1) the number of physicians per population; (2) access score based on a weighted sum of access components; (3) travel time to health services and (4) the combined evaluation of linkages between travel distance, settlement area, population and economic status. The overall spatial access to health services is low across all selected cities varying between 3.02 and 1.78 physicians per 10 000 persons, whereas the access score is between 1.70 and 2.54. The current number of physicians needs to be increased by about five times to satisfy the World Health Organization's standard. The low spatial access is not equitable across and within the selected cities, where the economically disadvantaged populations were found to endure longer travel distances to access health services. Inequities were found to be embedded within the selected cities where economically poor populations are also disadvantaged in their physical access to healthcare. The health facilities in all cities have reasonable travel distances separating them but are inadequately resourced with physicians. Thus, increasing the physician numbers and related resources at spatially targeted existing facilities would considerably enhance spatial access to health services.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cities ; Ghana ; Health Services Accessibility ; Travel ; Health Services
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632896-9
ISSN	1460-2237 ; 0268-1080
ISSN (online)	1460-2237
ISSN	0268-1080
DOI	10.1093/heapol/czad084
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Article ; Online: A theoretical model for host-controlled regulation of symbiont density.

Whittle, Mathilda / Bonsall, Michael B / Barreaux, Antoine M G / Ponton, Fleur / English, Sinead

Journal of evolutionary biology

2023 Volume 36, Issue 12, Page(s) 1731–1744

Abstract: There is growing empirical evidence that animal hosts actively control the density of their mutualistic symbionts according to their requirements. Such active regulation can be facilitated by compartmentalization of symbionts within host tissues, which ... ...

Abstract	There is growing empirical evidence that animal hosts actively control the density of their mutualistic symbionts according to their requirements. Such active regulation can be facilitated by compartmentalization of symbionts within host tissues, which confers a high degree of control of the symbiosis to the host. Here, we build a general theoretical framework to predict the underlying ecological drivers and evolutionary consequences of host-controlled endosymbiont density regulation for a mutually obligate association between a host and a compartmentalized, vertically transmitted symbiont. Building on the assumption that the costs and benefits of hosting a symbiont population increase with symbiont density, we use state-dependent dynamic programming to determine an optimal strategy for the host, i.e., that which maximizes host fitness, when regulating the density of symbionts. Simulations of active host-controlled regulation governed by the optimal strategy predict that the density of the symbiont should converge to a constant level during host development, and following perturbation. However, a similar trend also emerges from alternative strategies of symbiont regulation. The strategy which maximizes host fitness also promotes symbiont fitness compared to alternative strategies, suggesting that active host-controlled regulation of symbiont density could be adaptive for the symbiont as well as the host. Adaptation of the framework allowed the dynamics of symbiont density to be predicted for other host-symbiont ecologies, such as for non-essential symbionts, demonstrating the versatility of this modelling approach.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Models, Theoretical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1465318-7
ISSN	1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
ISSN (online)	1420-9101
ISSN	1010-061X
DOI	10.1111/jeb.14246
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Article ; Online: Incorporating effects of age on energy dynamics predicts nonlinear maternal allocation patterns in iteroparous animals.

Barreaux, Antoine M G / Higginson, Andrew D / Bonsall, Michael B / English, Sinead

Proceedings. Biological sciences

2022 Volume 289, Issue 1969, Page(s) 20211884

Abstract: Iteroparous parents face a trade-off between allocating current resources to reproduction versus maximizing survival to produce further offspring. Parental allocation varies across age and follows a hump-shaped pattern across diverse taxa, including ... ...

Abstract	Iteroparous parents face a trade-off between allocating current resources to reproduction versus maximizing survival to produce further offspring. Parental allocation varies across age and follows a hump-shaped pattern across diverse taxa, including mammals, birds and invertebrates. This nonlinear allocation pattern lacks a general theoretical explanation, potentially because most studies focus on offspring number rather than quality and do not incorporate uncertainty or age-dependence in energy intake or costs. Here, we develop a life-history model of maternal allocation in iteroparous animals. We identify the optimal allocation strategy in response to stochasticity when energetic costs, feeding success, energy intake and environmentally driven mortality risk are age-dependent. As a case study, we use tsetse, a viviparous insect that produces one offspring per reproductive attempt and relies on an uncertain food supply of vertebrate blood. Diverse scenarios generate a hump-shaped allocation when energetic costs and energy intake increase with age and also when energy intake decreases and energetic costs increase or decrease. Feeding success and environmentally driven mortality risk have little influence on age-dependence in allocation. We conclude that ubiquitous evidence for age-dependence in these influential traits can explain the prevalence of nonlinear maternal allocation across diverse taxonomic groups.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mammals ; Reproduction/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2021.1884
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