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Article ; Online: Combined experimental and molecular dynamics removal processes of contaminant phenol from simulated wastewater by polyethylene terephthalate microplastics.

Enyoh, Christian Ebere / Wang, Qingyue

Environmental technology

2022 Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 1183–1202

Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) and phenolics are pollutants found ubiquitously in freshwater systems. MPs oftentimes serve as a vector for pollutants across ecosystems and are now being explored as alternative adsorbents for pollutant removal. This strategy would ... ...

Abstract	Microplastics (MPs) and phenolics are pollutants found ubiquitously in freshwater systems. MPs oftentimes serve as a vector for pollutants across ecosystems and are now being explored as alternative adsorbents for pollutant removal. This strategy would reflect the 'reuse' of an existing waste stream into a potentially useful product while at the same time helping to minimize plastic waste in the marine environment. In this study, the adsorption of phenol onto pristine (Pr-PET), modified (Mod-PET), and aged (Ag-PET) Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) microplastics was examined experimentally and theoretically. Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics models were used to investigate the adsorption process while Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate molecular level alterations. The result showed that the Ag-PET MPs had the best removal efficiency due larger surface area and the adsorption occurred in a pseudo-second-order manner, showing that the rate of phenol adsorption is directly proportional to the number of surface-active sites on the surface of PET MPs while the intraparticle diffusion defined rate-limiting step. However, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity followed Mod-PET (38.02 mg/g) > Ag-PET (8.08 mg/g) > Pr-PET (6.84 mg/g). The adsorption process proceeded spontaneously and thermodynamically favourable. GCMC-MD simulations revealed that PET MPs are capable of successfully adsorbing the phenol molecule through Van der Waals and electrostatic interactions and can be adopted as novel adsorbents for phenol removal in aqueous solutions.
MeSH term(s)	Microplastics/chemistry ; Phenol/chemistry ; Plastics ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Wastewater ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; Phenols ; Environmental Pollutants ; Adsorption ; Polyethylene/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Phenol (339NCG44TV) ; Plastics ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Wastewater ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Phenols ; Environmental Pollutants ; Polyethylene (9002-88-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1479-487X
ISSN (online)	1479-487X
DOI	10.1080/09593330.2022.2139636
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evidence of microplastics accumulation in the gills and gastrointestinal tract of fishes from an estuarine system in Ghana.

Amponsah, Andoh Kwaku / Afrifa, Ernest Amankwa / Essandoh, Paul Kwame / Enyoh, Christian Ebere

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) e25608

Abstract: The contamination of aquatic environments by microplastics (MPs) and their subsequent ingestion by fish continues to be a universal ecological challenge. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the accumulation of MPs by fishes globally, not ... ...

Abstract	The contamination of aquatic environments by microplastics (MPs) and their subsequent ingestion by fish continues to be a universal ecological challenge. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the accumulation of MPs by fishes globally, not much work has been done within the major estuaries along the Atlantic Coast. This study explored and characterized microplastics in the gills and gastrointestinal tract in 98 specimens of 10 fish taxa (Sarotherodon melanotheron, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Gobionellus occidentalis, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Chrysichthys nigrodigitalus, Elops lacerta, Mugil bananesis, Cynoglossus senegalensis, Apsilus fuscus and Galeoides decadactylus) from the Pra Estuary, Ghana. The gastrointestinal contents of the fish were extracted, analysed and characterized using a stereomicroscope fitted with an Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A total of 529 MP particles were found in the fishes. C. nigrodigitalus recorded the highest MP levels in the gills with an average of 4.83 ± 2.08 items/individual whiles S. melanotheron recorded the highest in the gastrointestinal tract at 9.83 ± 4.63 items/individual. Within the fish, transparent fibrous MPs of size <0.5 mm were the dominate types found. A vertical prevalence of MPs was observed across the feeding and habitat preference of the species suggesting a possible linkage with the ecological niche of fishes. Our findings further demonstrate the need for advance studies on the impacts and level of threat microplastic accumulation pose to the sampled fishes and potential consumers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25608
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Article ; Online: Examining the impact of nanoplastics and PFAS exposure on immune functions through inhibition of secretory immunoglobin A in human breast milk.

Enyoh, Christian Ebere / Ovuoraye, Prosper E / Qingyue, Wang / Wang, Weiqian

Journal of hazardous materials

2023 Volume 459, Page(s) 132103

Abstract: Emerging contaminants such as nanoplastics (NPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been detected in the environment and breast milk, thus exposing infants to potentially harmful chemicals during breastfeeding. Breast milk contains ... ...

Abstract	Emerging contaminants such as nanoplastics (NPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been detected in the environment and breast milk, thus exposing infants to potentially harmful chemicals during breastfeeding. Breast milk contains secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), an antibody that plays a vital role in disease protection and the development of the infant's immune system. This study employed molecular simulation and fractional factorial designs to assess the toxicity of NPs and PFAS on breast milk and their influence on infant immunity by inhibiting SIgA. The research found that NPs and PFAS have higher binding affinities to SIgA compared to the control compound. Polycarbonate (-10.7 kcal/mol) had the highest binding affinity among plastics, while Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, - 8.0 kcal/mol) had the highest binding affinity among PFAS. The relative toxic index was higher for PFAS (2.4) than for plastics (1.9), suggesting that PFAS may pose a higher overall toxicity burden on the protein. The presence of specific combinations of NPs and PFAS in breast milk may potentially harm breastfeeding infants, although additional experimental studies are required to validate these findings. These results underscore the potential risks associated with these emerging contaminants in breast milk and their impact on infant immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Microplastics/analysis ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism ; Fluorocarbons/toxicity ; Fluorocarbons/analysis ; Immunity ; Alkanesulfonic Acids/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Fluorocarbons ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132103
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Article ; Online: Characterisation of some soils from flood basin in Amakohia, Owerri, Nigeria

Enyoh, Christian Ebere / Isiuku, Beniah Obinna

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2022 Dec. 16, v. 102, no. 16 p.3766-3785

2022

Abstract: The study characterised soils at two depths, i.e. 5 cm and 10 cm from flood basin in Amakohia, Owerri, Nigeria. Overall, 20 samples were collected following a simple random sampling technique and analysed using standard methods. Results showed that the ... ...

Abstract	The study characterised soils at two depths, i.e. 5 cm and 10 cm from flood basin in Amakohia, Owerri, Nigeria. Overall, 20 samples were collected following a simple random sampling technique and analysed using standard methods. Results showed that the soil had sandy loam textural class with mean pH of 6 ± 0.21 and 6.17 ± 0.48, EC of 310.46 ± 50.72 µS/cm and 348.31 ± 33.51 µS/cm, temperature of 29.14 ± 0.19°C and 28.67 ± 1.12°C, CEC of 50.55 ± 6.28 mg/kg and 50.73 ± 6.77 mg/kg, moisture content of 20.28 ± 2.30% and 18.99 ± 1.68%, soil organic matter 4.41 ± 0.68% and 4.14 ± 0.91%, at depth 5 and 10 cm respectively. Mean concentrations of Ca, K, Na and Mg were 25.53 mg/kg, 6.57 mg/kg, 9.69 mg/kg and 8.81 mg/kg, respectively, at depth 5 cm while at 10 cm, the concentrations were 27.70 mg/kg, 4.07 mg/kg, 2.73 mg/kg and 6.21 mg/kg, respectively, while Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Fe and Pb were generally low in the soil. At both depths, the distribution of the parameters generally followed a similar pattern and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05 except Mn). Results obtained were further modelled for pollution (using contamination factor, pollution load index, geo-accumulation index, ecological risk), fertility (using sodium absorption ratio, cation ratio of structural stability and nutrient index) and quality (using soil quality index) assessment which showed that soil is yet to be contaminated, with good structure (SAR and CROSS were <13), low nutrient (NI< 1.67) and with good overall quality (SQI> 0.5), though, the area is faced with intense pollution. Further study should be conducted to determine if the widespread presence of Canna generalis in the area is mitigating the soil from contamination.
Keywords	Canna generalis ; absorption ; analytical chemistry ; basins ; cations ; pH ; pollution load ; risk ; sandy loam soils ; sodium ; soil organic matter ; soil quality ; temperature ; water content ; Nigeria ; flood basin ; nutrient index ; phytoremediation ; risk assessment ; urban soils
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1216
Size	p. 3766-3785.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	120480-4
ISSN	1029-0397 ; 0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
ISSN (online)	1029-0397
ISSN	0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
DOI	10.1080/03067319.2020.1773455
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Article ; Online: Degradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics by Mineral Acids: Experimental, Molecular Modelling and Optimization Studies

Chowdhury, Tanzin / Wang, Qingyue / Enyoh, Christian Ebere

J Polym Environ. 2022 Dec., v. 30, no. 12 p.5211-5227

2022

Abstract: Mineral acids in the atmosphere breakdown on the action of oxygen and release acid gases into atmosphere causing acid rain, which can chemically weather materials. We hypothesized that the chemical weathering caused by these mineral acids may also ... ...

Abstract	Mineral acids in the atmosphere breakdown on the action of oxygen and release acid gases into atmosphere causing acid rain, which can chemically weather materials. We hypothesized that the chemical weathering caused by these mineral acids may also influence the rate of degradation or cracking of MPs in the environment. However, studies focusing on the chemical weathering process of mineral acids in the environment on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is not available in literature. In the present work, PET microplastics (MPs) (1000 µm) were artificially degraded by acids such as hydrochloric acid (HA), nitric acid (NA) and sulphuric acid (SA) under the effect of contact time (30, 60, 120, 720 and 1440 min), temperature (10, 25, 40, 70,100 and 130 °C), and shaking speed (100, 150, 200 and 250 rpm). Degradation was monitored by weight loss, Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VP-SEM) and Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results showed that the weight loss were slow but increased with increasing contact time, temperature and shaking speed. For all three acids, the PET MPs spectra peak loss was similar for the different effects. However, the speed of degradation based on the ATR-FTIR and weight loss results followed temperature > shaking speed > contact time. The surface interactions between the PET MPs and acids were investigated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and Density functional theory (DFT) Studies. Overall, ATR-FTIR analysis and DFT studies suggested that the breakdown took place through the parts of the PET MPs structure containing oxygen atoms (–OH, C=O) and the aromatic ring. However, optimization results from RSM showed optimal weight loss of 33%, 30% and 22% for HA, SA and NA respectively. Therefore, these acids can be employed in PET MPs degradation and higher rate of degradation will require longer time, high temperature and shaking speeds.
Keywords	acid rain ; aromatic compounds ; density functional theory ; hydrochloric acid ; microplastics ; nitric acid ; oxygen ; polyethylene terephthalates ; response surface methodology ; sulfuric acid ; temperature ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 5211-5227.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2017207-2
ISSN	1572-8919 ; 1572-8900 ; 1566-2543
ISSN (online)	1572-8919 ; 1572-8900
ISSN	1566-2543
DOI	10.1007/s10924-022-02578-z
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Article ; Online: Monitoring and modeling of heavy metal contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State, Nigeria.

Isiuku, Beniah Obinna / Enyoh, Christian Ebere

Environmental analysis, health and toxicology

2020 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) e2020003

Abstract: Vegetable consumption is one major exposure route of heavy metals to humans, but few data exist for Imo State, Nigeria. We assessed the contamination levels and associated health risk of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and ... ...

Abstract	Vegetable consumption is one major exposure route of heavy metals to humans, but few data exist for Imo State, Nigeria. We assessed the contamination levels and associated health risk of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in vegetables (Telfairia occidentalis, Pterocarpus mildbraedii, Gongronenina latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina) that are consumed frequently from markets (n=16) in three zones of Imo State, Nigeria. After wet-digestion of samples, the supernatant were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations in the four vegetables ranged from 0.006±0.003 mg/kg to 0.011±0.007 mg/kg for Cd, 0.064±0.012 mg/kg to 1.225±0.226 mg/kg for Co, 10.711±1.968 mg/kg to 25.088±13.975 mg/kg for Cu, 0.062±0.013 mg/kg to 0.307±0.210 mg/kg for Ni, 0.006±0.005 mg/kg to 0.012±0.002 mg/kg for Pb and 63.55±4.055 mg/kg to 104.126±24.080 mg/kg for Zn. Except for Zn, all heavy metals in the various vegetables were below the joint standard of Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization. Although, overall load of heavy metal was very low, Zn had the highest contamination factor in vegetables. Heavy metals concentrations in vegetables generally showed low to high variations and statistically different (p<0.05). Average daily intake was below the provisional tolerance limit except for Zn. The target hazard quotient of metals in vegetables for both children and adults were below 1, indicating no potential risk to the public. Overall, heavy metals hazard index were below 1, indicating acceptable level of non-carcinogenic adverse health effect. However, potential multi-element contamination from ingestion is possible as revealed by the correlation profiling of heavy metals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-25
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2671-9525
ISSN (online)	2671-9525
DOI	10.5620/eaht.e2020003
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Article ; Online: Distribution, Potential Sources, and Health Risk of Microplastics (MPs) in Street Dust during and after COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh

Rabin, Mominul Haque / Wang, Qingyue / Enyoh, Christian Ebere / Kai, Xiao / Sheuty, Tasnoba Firoze

Environments. 2023 July 21, v. 10, no. 7

2023

Abstract: The advent of the COVID-19 era has ushered in significant changes to both the environment and daily life. During the COVID-19 lockdown, a unique opportunity emerged to improve environmental quality and mitigate certain impacts on the planet. The ... ...

Abstract	The advent of the COVID-19 era has ushered in significant changes to both the environment and daily life. During the COVID-19 lockdown, a unique opportunity emerged to improve environmental quality and mitigate certain impacts on the planet. The distribution and health risks of microplastics (MPs) in the street dust of Dhaka city, Bangladesh during and after COVID-19 lockdowns were examined in this study. The study covered sites selected based on land usage, including an industrial area (IA), commercial area (CA), public facilities area (PFA), and residential area (RA). The particles in the dust samples were analyzed using a fluorescent microscope and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the maximum number of MP particles/g of street dust sample was recorded from industrial areas (17.33 MP particles/g) and the minimum was recorded from residential areas (13.99 MP particles/g) without lockdown. The trends in the MPs were as follows: without lockdown > partial lockdown > complete lockdown. Risk analysis showed that the MPs in dust pose low non-carcinogenic risk to inhabitants of the study area and across lockdown periods. Principal component analysis showed that during the partial lockdown period, comparable sources were detected for the cellulose/low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polychloroprene (PCP)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polypropylene (PP)/polyacrylamide (PAA)/nylon, and polyethylene (PE)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/fiber groups of MPs, but various sources were discovered during the complete and without lockdown periods. The results further showed that all MP types would pose no non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks in dust from all land-use areas. However, the highest risks were obtained from inhaling dust. The study shows that human activities have a significant impact on the generation and distribution of MPs in the environment. The changes in MP type distribution during lockdown suggest that reducing human activities, such as traffic and industrial activity, can lead to a decrease in the quantity of MPs generated and released into the environment.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; alcohols ; carcinogenicity ; dust ; environmental quality ; fluorescence microscopes ; humans ; land use ; microplastics ; polyethylene ; principal component analysis ; reflectance ; residential areas ; risk ; risk analysis ; traffic ; Bangladesh
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0721
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2777960-9
ISSN	2076-3298
ISSN	2076-3298
DOI	10.3390/environments10070130
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Article ; Online: Progress and future perspectives of microplastic research in Nigeria

Enyoh, Christian Ebere / Verla, Andrew Wirnkor / Ohiagu, Franklyn Okechukwu / Enyoh, Emmanuel Chinedu

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2023 July 15, v. 103, no. 9 p.1971-1981

2023

Abstract: Microplastic research in Nigeria is progressing slowly. Within 2019–2020, only10research papers have been published on microplastic in Nigeria. Microplastics have been detected in lagoons and rivers water systems. This paper reviews the progress in ... ...

Abstract	Microplastic research in Nigeria is progressing slowly. Within 2019–2020, only10research papers have been published on microplastic in Nigeria. Microplastics have been detected in lagoons and rivers water systems. This paper reviews the progress in microplastics research in Nigeria, providing information analytical methods and also giving consideration for quality control and assurance (QA/QC) measures. This paper further discusses the distribution of microplastics in surface water, sediment and marine organisms as well as recent progress in risk assessments.Finally, this paper provides suggestions for future studies to provide baseline information for better research and risk assessment of microplastics in the Nigerian environment such as focusing on air, drinking water, plants and other consumables.These will surely help us to understand the distribution and how much exposure inhabitants are to microplastic pollution and may necessitate the need to mitigate plastic pollution in Nigeria.
Keywords	air ; analytical chemistry ; microplastics ; pollution ; quality control ; risk ; risk assessment ; sediments ; surface water ; Nigeria ; Analytical methods ; distribution ; plastic pollution ; toxicology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0715
Size	p. 1971-1981.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	120480-4
ISSN	1029-0397 ; 0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
ISSN (online)	1029-0397
ISSN	0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
DOI	10.1080/03067319.2021.1887161
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of nanoplastics toxicity to the human placenta in systems.

Enyoh, Christian Ebere / Duru, Chidi Edbert / Ovuoraye, Prosper E / Wang, Qingyue

Journal of hazardous materials

2022 Volume 446, Page(s) 130600

Abstract: Following the discovery of plastics in the human placenta, this study evaluated the toxicity of ten different nanoplastics (NPs) in the human placenta. Since the placenta performs metabolic and excretion functions by the enzymatic system, the NPs were ... ...

Abstract	Following the discovery of plastics in the human placenta, this study evaluated the toxicity of ten different nanoplastics (NPs) in the human placenta. Since the placenta performs metabolic and excretion functions by the enzymatic system, the NPs were docked on these human enzymes including soluble epoxide hydrolase, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, beta 1,3-glucuronyltransferase I, sulfotransferase, N-acetyltransferase 2, and cytochrome P450 1A1at their active sites with toxicity (binding affinity) determined and compared to control compounds. Density functional theory analysis were conducted on the NPs to identify their global reactivity descriptors and Artificial Neural Networks to predict toxicity based on reactivity descriptors. Polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS) showed the highest toxicity to all enzymes and thus the most toxic polymers due to the presence of an electron-withdrawing group in their aromatic rings, which demonstrated an improved recognition of the enzyme active site by pi- and alkyl interactions. A 2
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Placenta ; Microplastics ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; Plastics ; Polystyrenes/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Plastics ; Polystyrenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130600
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Article ; Online: Toxicity evaluation of microplastics to aquatic organisms through molecular simulations and fractional factorial designs.

Enyoh, Christian Ebere / Wang, Qingyue / Ovuoraye, Prosper E / Maduka, Tochukwu Oluwatosin

Chemosphere

2022 Volume 308, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 136342

Abstract: Molecular docking, molecular dynamics modelling, and fractional factorial design methodologies were used in the current work to examine the harmful effects of ten microplastic (MPs) such as polystyrene (PS), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), ... ...

Abstract	Molecular docking, molecular dynamics modelling, and fractional factorial design methodologies were used in the current work to examine the harmful effects of ten microplastic (MPs) such as polystyrene (PS), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polychloropene (PCP) and polycarbonate (PC) on the aquatic organism (zebrafish). The toxicity was evaluated based on the docking of the MPs on cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) protein crystals. The binding affinities (ΔG) followed the order, PC (-6.9 kcal/mol) > PET (-6.1 kcal/mol) > PP (-5.8 kcal/mol) > PA (-5.6 kcal/mol) > PS (-5.1 kcal/mol) > PU (-4.1 kcal/mol) > PMMA (-3.9 kcal/mol) > PCP (-3.3 kcal/mol) > PVC (-2.4 kcal/mol) > PE (-2.1 kcal/mol). The primary driving factors for the binding of the MPs and the protein were hydrophobic force, and hydrogen bonding based on the molecular dynamics analysis and surrounding amino acid residues. Furthermore, a 2
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Microplastics ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Nylons ; Plastics/toxicity ; Polyethylene/chemistry ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polypropylenes ; Polystyrenes/chemistry ; Polyurethanes ; Polyvinyl Chloride/toxicity ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Microplastics ; Nylons ; Plastics ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Polypropylenes ; Polystyrenes ; Polyurethanes ; Polyvinyl Chloride (9002-86-2) ; Polyethylene (9002-88-4) ; Polymethyl Methacrylate (9011-14-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136342
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