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Article: Multiple Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Consortia Enhance Yield and Fatty Acids of

Pellegrino, Elisa / Nuti, Marco / Ercoli, Laura

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 814401

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are promoted as biofertilizers due to potential benefits in crop productivity, and macro- and microelement uptake. However, crop response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation is context-dependent, and AMF ... ...

Abstract	Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are promoted as biofertilizers due to potential benefits in crop productivity, and macro- and microelement uptake. However, crop response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation is context-dependent, and AMF diversity and field establishment and persistence of inoculants can greatly contribute to variation in outcomes. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that multiple and local AMF inoculants could enhance alfalfa yield and fatty acids (FA) compared to exotic isolates either single or in the mixture. We aimed also to verify the persistence of inoculated AMF, and which component of the AMF communities was the major driver of plant traits. Therefore, a field experiment of AMF inoculation of alfalfa (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2022.814401
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Conservation Agriculture Practices Lead to Diverse Weed Communities and Higher Maize Grain Yield in Southern Africa

Mhlanga, Blessing / Ercoli, Laura / Thierfelder, Christian / Pellegrino, Elisa

Field Crops Research. 2022 Oct. 10, p.108724-

2022 , Page(s) 108724–

Abstract: Weed development is one of the major constraints to cereal cropping systems in Southern Africa with potential severe crop losses. Understanding weed community responses to different conservation agriculture (CA) components (i.e., no-tillage, NT; crop ... ...

Abstract	Weed development is one of the major constraints to cereal cropping systems in Southern Africa with potential severe crop losses. Understanding weed community responses to different conservation agriculture (CA) components (i.e., no-tillage, NT; crop rotation, R; and mulching, M) and/or their combinations is crucial in Southern Africa where farmers apply different combinations depending on local context. Here, for the first time, we assessed how weed density, community diversity and structure respond to different combinations of CA components [conventional tillage (CT), CT+M, CT+R, CT+M+R, NT, NT+M, NT+R, NT+M+R]. The study was carried out over three seasons at two locations with contrasting soil textures i.e., clayish, and sandy. At the sandy location, across seasons, weed density (number of individuals per unit area) and community diversity (distribution of individuals within the species) were significantly and positively affected by precipitation and not by cropping system. Weed richness (number of species) was affected by the interaction of season and cropping system, with the highest number of weed species being recorded in the NT+M+R system in the seasons with medium to high precipitation. At the clayish location, an opposite pattern was observed, and weed density was lower in seasons with medium-high precipitation than under low precipitation. Weed community diversity was 50% higher under NT+M than under CT+R, whereas weed species richness decreased with the increase of precipitation. At both locations, the implementation of rotation and mulching either in NT or CT systems resulted in the modification of the structure of weed community with respect to CT and NT alone, and these CA combinations were associated with highest maize grain yield. Overall, eight weed species common to both locations were responsible for most of the community structure differences among cropping systems. Structural equation modelling showed that at the sandy location precipitation did not affect grain yield, but positively affected weed density, diversity, evenness, and richness. By contrast, at the clay location, precipitation positively affected grain yield, but did not modify weed density and evenness, and reduced weed community diversity and richness. At this location, weed density negatively affected grain yield. The differential weed-crop relationship supports the need to find a site-specific equilibrium between the control of weeds and the maintenance of their diversity.
Keywords	agricultural conservation practice ; clay ; community structure ; conventional tillage ; corn ; crop rotation ; equations ; grain yield ; no-tillage ; research ; soil ; species richness ; weeds ; Southern Africa ; Conservation agriculture ; weed community ; weed community diversity ; grain yield, weed density
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1010
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	435684-6
ISSN	1872-6852 ; 0378-4290
ISSN (online)	1872-6852
ISSN	0378-4290
DOI	10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108724
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Microbiome structure and interconnection in soil aggregates across conservation and conventional agricultural practices allow to identify main prokaryotic and fungal taxa related to soil functioning

Pellegrino, Elisa / Piazza, Gaia / Helgason, Thorunn / Ercoli, Laura

Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2022 Dec., v. 175 p.108833-

2022

Abstract: Under conservation agriculture (CA), soil aggregates physically protect soil organic C, creating microhabitats with heterogeneities in nutrient availability. These may become rich in microbial taxa with structured interconnections, and thus maintain the ... ...

Abstract	Under conservation agriculture (CA), soil aggregates physically protect soil organic C, creating microhabitats with heterogeneities in nutrient availability. These may become rich in microbial taxa with structured interconnections, and thus maintain the equilibrium between C sources and sinks. A long-term experiment on tillage and N fertilization was used to investigate the microbiome within small macroaggregates (sM), and within occluded microaggregates (mM). At surface layer, N fertilization was the main determinant of prokaryotic and fungal alpha-diversity in sM and mM, whereas at subsurface tillage intensity was the primary driver. Moreover, although along soil profile a conserved microbial compositional core was found across managements, some taxa were uniquely found in certain treatments and microbiota structure was modified by tillage and N fertilization. Overall sM had a higher diversity of prokaryotes and a lower diversity of fungi than mM. Prokaryotic taxa, such as Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Thermomicrobia, and fungi, such as Agaricomycetes, Dydimellaceae, and Mortierellaceae, characterized sM, whereas others prokaryotes (Betaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, Blastocatellia) and fungi (Sordariales, Lasiosphaeriaceae and Glomeraceae) characterized mM. Cross-domain networks were more complex in mM than sM at surface layer, and the opposite occurred at subsurface layer. Some prokaryotic and fungal taxa, retrieved in hubs, were positively linearly related to C cycling and soil structuring (e.g., Chloroflexi and Sordariomycetes). Our results suggest that diversity and structure of microbiome is positively shaped by CA, and there are microbial taxa and network traits suitable as indicators of nutrient stocks and soil structuring under an agriculture focused on soil health.
Keywords	Actinobacteria ; Agaricomycetes ; Glomeraceae ; Lasiosphaeriaceae ; Mortierellaceae ; Sphingobacteriia ; Thermomicrobia ; agricultural conservation practice ; beta-Proteobacteria ; fungi ; long term experiments ; microaggregates ; microbiome ; nutrient availability ; prokaryotic cells ; soil organic carbon ; soil profiles ; soil quality ; species diversity ; tillage ; Soil aggregates ; Soil prokaryotes ; Soil fungi ; Soil functionality ; Microbial networks
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	280810-9
ISSN	0038-0717
ISSN	0038-0717
DOI	10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108833
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Conservation agriculture practices drive maize yield by regulating soil nutrient availability, arbuscular mycorrhizas, and plant nutrient uptake

Mhlanga, Blessing / Pellegrino, Elisa / Thierfelder, Christian / Ercoli, Laura

Field crops research. 2022 Mar. 01, v. 277

2022

Abstract: Conservation agriculture (CA) can sustainably increase crop productivity through improved soil chemical, physical, and biological properties, among others. However, the implementation of all its three main components (i.e., no-tillage, organic soil cover/ ...

Abstract	Conservation agriculture (CA) can sustainably increase crop productivity through improved soil chemical, physical, and biological properties, among others. However, the implementation of all its three main components (i.e., no-tillage, organic soil cover/mulch, and crop diversification) in southern Africa is often challenging, resulting in variable yield responses. Disentangling the contributions of CA practices is necessary to understand the drivers of maize grain yield within the region. Here we analysed two 6-year long component omission experiments, one at a sandy soil location and the other at a clay soil location. In these two experiments, soil chemical parameters, total plant nutrient uptake, rate of crop residue decomposition, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization of maize roots were assessed. Soil chemical properties only differed across systems at the sandy soil location with the mulched systems under no-tillage (NT) resulting in increased soil organic carbon levels, total nitrogen, and soil available phosphorus as compared to conventional tillage with no mulch or rotation (CT). Conventional tillage-based systems resulted in fastest decomposition of maize residues, while systems with NT and rotation resulted in highest AM fungal root colonization rate of maize at the clay soil location. Total plant N uptake was almost 2-fold higher in tilled and no-tilled systems with both mulch (M) and rotations (R) (i.e., NT+M+R and CT+M+R) as compared to CT. Structural equation modeling was used to disentangle the links between cropping systems, soil chemical and biological properties, plant nutrient uptake, and maize grain yield. Cropping systems had direct and indirect influences on yield at both locations. At both locations, cropping systems influenced yield via plant N uptake, with the NT+M+R and CT+M+R systems having more beneficial effects compared to other systems, as shown by their higher path coefficients. In conclusion, we recommend a more holistic approach to cropping system assessment that includes a higher number of abiotic and biotic determinants. This would allow for a more rigorous evaluation of the drivers of yield and increase our understanding of the effects and performance of practices under the prevailing agro-ecological conditions.
Keywords	agricultural conservation practice ; agroecology ; clay soils ; conventional tillage ; corn ; crop diversification ; crop residues ; equations ; grain yield ; mulches ; mulching ; no-tillage ; nutrient availability ; nutrient uptake ; phosphorus ; research ; sandy soils ; soil nutrients ; soil organic carbon ; total nitrogen ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Southern Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0301
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	435684-6
ISSN	1872-6852 ; 0378-4290
ISSN (online)	1872-6852
ISSN	0378-4290
DOI	10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108403
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Effective bioremediation of clarithromycin and diclofenac in wastewater by microbes and Arundo donax L.

Ercoli, Laura / Rossetto, Rudy / Di Giorgi, Sabrina / Raffaelli, Andrea / Nuti, Marco / Pellegrino, Elisa

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 31, Page(s) 77193–77209

Abstract: Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals has gained large research efforts, but there is still a need to improve the performance of bioremediation systems by selecting effective organisms. In this study, we characterized the capability to remove clarithromycin ( ...

Abstract	Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals has gained large research efforts, but there is still a need to improve the performance of bioremediation systems by selecting effective organisms. In this study, we characterized the capability to remove clarithromycin (CLA) and diclofenac (DCF) by the bacterium Streptomyces rochei, and the fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor. The macrolide antibiotic CLA and the non-steroid anti-inflammatory DCF were selected because these are two of the most frequently detected drugs in water bodies. Growth and content of the PhCs and a DCF metabolite (MET) by the energy crop Arundo donax L. were also evaluated under hydroponic conditions. The removal rate (RR) by S. rochei increased from 24 to 40% at 10 and 100 µg CLA L
MeSH term(s)	Diclofenac/metabolism ; Wastewater ; Clarithromycin/metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Trametes/metabolism ; Poaceae/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Diclofenac (144O8QL0L1) ; Wastewater ; Clarithromycin (H1250JIK0A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-27660-4
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Article ; Online: Interactive impacts of microplastics and arsenic on agricultural soil and plant traits.

Grifoni, Martina / Pellegrino, Elisa / Arrighetti, Leonardo / Bronco, Simona / Pezzarossa, Beatrice / Ercoli, Laura

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 912, Page(s) 169058

Abstract: The ability of microplastics (MPs) to interact with environmental pollutants is currently of great concern due to the increasing use of plastic. Agricultural soils are sinks for multipollutants and the safety of biodegradable MPs in field conditions is ... ...

Abstract	The ability of microplastics (MPs) to interact with environmental pollutants is currently of great concern due to the increasing use of plastic. Agricultural soils are sinks for multipollutants and the safety of biodegradable MPs in field conditions is questioned. However, still few studies have investigated the interactive effects between MPs and metals on the soil-plant system with agricultural soil and testing crops for human consumption. In this work, we tested the effect on soil and plant parameters of two common MPs, non-degradable plastic low-density polyethylene and biodegradable polymer polylactic acid at two different sizes (<250 μm and 250-300 μm) in association with arsenic (As). Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was used as a model plant in a small-scale experiment lasting 60 days. Microplastics and As explained 12 % and 47 % of total variance, respectively, while their interaction explained 21 %, suggesting a higher toxic impact of As than MPs. Plant growth was promoted by MPs alone, especially when biodegradable MPs were added (+22 %). However, MPs did not affect nutrient concentrations in roots and leaves. The effect of MPs on enzyme activities was variable depending on the time of exposure (with larger effects immediately after exposure), the type and size of the MPs. On the contrary, the co-application of MP and As, although it did not change the amount of bioavailable As in soil in the short and medium term, it resulted in a significant decrease in lettuce biomass (-19 %) and root nutrient concentrations, especially when polylactic acid was applied. Generally, MPs in association with As determined the plant-soil toxicity. This work provides insights into the risk of copollution of MPs and As in agricultural soil and its phytotoxic effect for agricultural crops. However, the mechanisms of the joint effect of MP and As on plant toxicity need further investigation, especially under field conditions and in long-term experiments.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Soil ; Arsenic ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Agriculture ; Crops, Agricultural ; Lactuca ; Polyethylene
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G) ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Polyethylene (9002-88-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169058
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Article: Predicted and Measured Concentration of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water of Areas with Increasing Anthropic Pressure: A Case Study in the Coastal Area of Central Italy

Cardini, Alessio / Pellegrino, Elisa / Ercoli, Laura

Water. 2021 Oct. 09, v. 13, no. 20

2021

Abstract: This study investigated the occurrence of 12 pharmaceuticals (PhCs) in surface water in Central Italy, aiming to improve the estimation of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) by normalizing the loads to the number of inhabitants of the ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the occurrence of 12 pharmaceuticals (PhCs) in surface water in Central Italy, aiming to improve the estimation of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) by normalizing the loads to the number of inhabitants of the drainage system in rural, periurban, and urban areas. We performed two sampling campaigns assessing the concentration of PhCs (measured environmental concentration (MEC)) in surface water and in effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. The reliability of PEC calculated by the refined formula was assessed and compared to the ratio obtained by the unrefined formula. MECs of diclofenac, estradiol, estrone, ibuprofen, metformin, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, atenolol, carbamazepine, and dehydro-erythromycin were significantly higher in urban than in periurban and rural areas, and increases were 12-, 3600-, 256-, 33-, 18-, 120-, 10-, 5-, 2-, and 1-fold, respectively. Refinement of PEC improved estimation of PhC concentrations for all areas, especially for the urban one. The environmental risk was predicted as low for atenolol, carbamazepine, erythromycin, metformin, and naproxen; low/medium for diclofenac and ibuprofen; and high for clarithromycin, estradiol, estrone, and sulfamethoxazole. Overall, the highest risk was posed by PhCs in effluent, while a progressively decreasing risk was estimated for urban, periurban, and rural areas.
Keywords	anthropogenic activities ; case studies ; clarithromycin ; coasts ; diclofenac ; drainage systems ; estradiol ; estrone ; ibuprofen ; metformin ; risk ; sulfamethoxazole ; surface water ; wastewater treatment ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1009
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2521238-2
ISSN	2073-4441
ISSN	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w13202807
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Eukaryotes in soil aggregates across conservation managements: Major roles of protists, fungi and taxa linkages in soil structuring and C stock

Pellegrino, Elisa / Piazza, Gaia / Helgason, Thorunn / Ercoli, Laura

Soil biology & biochemistry. 2021 Dec., v. 163

2021

Abstract: The stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC) promoted by conservation agriculture (CA) depends on soil aggregation. Aggregation protects SOC and creates heterogeneous microhabitats hosting diverse soil biota which in turn promote aggregation. A long- ... ...

Abstract	The stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC) promoted by conservation agriculture (CA) depends on soil aggregation. Aggregation protects SOC and creates heterogeneous microhabitats hosting diverse soil biota which in turn promote aggregation. A long-term experiment, studying the interaction of tillage with nitrogen (N) fertilization on a soybean-wheat rotation, was used to investigate eukaryotic community diversity, composition, and structure within small macroaggregates (sM) and occluded microaggregates (mM). Using high-throughput Illumina sequencing, we found (i) a different eukaryote diversity response to management intensification across soil aggregates and soil depths; (ii) a conserved core community composition of eukaryotes across CA treatments and aggregates at surface and subsurface layers; (iii) a different effect of tillage on eukaryotic community structure in sM and mM along the soil profile according to N availability; (iv) a positive association of protists, and fungi with the amount of sM and mM, and their SOC content; (v) a stronger complexity of within- and cross-domain networks (eukaryotes and eukaryotes-prokaryotes) in mM than in sM at surface layer. Overall, our findings demonstrate for the first time that protists together with fungi play major roles in soil structuring and C cycling, and that Cercozoa represent hubs in soil biota aggregate networks.
Keywords	Cercozoa ; agricultural conservation practice ; biochemistry ; community structure ; eukaryotic cells ; long term experiments ; microaggregates ; nitrogen ; protists ; soil aggregation ; soil biota ; soil organic carbon ; soil profiles ; tillage
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280810-9
ISSN	0038-0717
ISSN	0038-0717
DOI	10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108463
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising of‑season and in‑season weeds and their relationship with maize yield under conservation agriculture

Mhlanga, Blessing / Ercoli, Laura / Piazza, Gaia / Thierfelder, Christian / Pellegrino, Elisa

Biology and Fertility of Soils

2023

Abstract: Weeds are responsible for major crop losses worldwide but can provide beneficial agroecosystem services. This study aimed to elucidate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in weeds respond to host identity and conservation agricultural practices. The ... ...

Abstract	Weeds are responsible for major crop losses worldwide but can provide beneficial agroecosystem services. This study aimed to elucidate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in weeds respond to host identity and conservation agricultural practices. The study was carried out at two locations in Southern Africa during off-season and in-season maize cultivation. Off-season AMF root colonisation, diversity indices and community composition significantly differed among weed species at both locations. Glomus sp. VTX00280 explains most of the AMF community differences. In-season, implementation of conventional tillage with mulching alone (CT + M) or together with crop rotation (CT + M + R) resulted in a 20% increase in AMF colonisation of the constantly occurring weed species, Bidens pilosa (BIDPI) and Richardia scabra (RCHSC), compared with conventional tillage plus rotations (CT + R). The diversity of AMF was highest under no-tillage plus mulching (NT + M). Off-season and in-season AMF structures of both BIDPI and RCHSC were not related, but 39% of the taxa were shared. Structural equation modelling showed a significant effect of the cropping system on weed AMF diversity parameters and weed and maize root colonisation, but no significant influence of weed root AMF traits and maize colonisation was detected on maize yield. This may be explained by the improvement in weed competitive ability, which may have offset the AMF-mediated benefits on yield. Our findings highlight that implementing M and CR to CT and NT positively affected weed AMF colonisation and diversity. The similarity between the off-season and in-season AMF composition of weeds supports the fact that weeds functionally host AMF during the non-crop period.
Keywords	agroecosystems ; zero tillage ; mulching ; crop rotation ; conservation agriculture ; maize ; yields
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08T20:09:34Z
Publisher	Springer
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising off-season and in-season weeds and their relationship with maize yield under conservation agriculture

Mhlanga, Blessing / Ercoli, Laura / Piazza, Gaia / Thierfelder, Christian / Pellegrino, Elisa

Biol Fertil Soils. 2022 Nov., v. 58, no. 8 p.917-935

2022

Abstract	Weeds are responsible for major crop losses worldwide but can provide beneficial agroecosystem services. This study aimed to elucidate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in weeds respond to host identity and conservation agricultural practices. The study was carried out at two locations in Southern Africa during off-season and in-season maize cultivation. Off-season AMF root colonisation, diversity indices and community composition significantly differed among weed species at both locations. Glomus sp. VTX00280 explains most of the AMF community differences. In-season, implementation of conventional tillage with mulching alone (CT + M) or together with crop rotation (CT + M + R) resulted in a 20% increase in AMF colonisation of the constantly occurring weed species, Bidens pilosa (BIDPI) and Richardia scabra (RCHSC), compared with conventional tillage plus rotations (CT + R). The diversity of AMF was highest under no-tillage plus mulching (NT + M). Off-season and in-season AMF structures of both BIDPI and RCHSC were not related, but 39% of the taxa were shared. Structural equation modelling showed a significant effect of the cropping system on weed AMF diversity parameters and weed and maize root colonisation, but no significant influence of weed root AMF traits and maize colonisation was detected on maize yield. This may be explained by the improvement in weed competitive ability, which may have offset the AMF-mediated benefits on yield. Our findings highlight that implementing M and CR to CT and NT positively affected weed AMF colonisation and diversity. The similarity between the off-season and in-season AMF composition of weeds supports the fact that weeds functionally host AMF during the non-crop period.
Keywords	Bidens pilosa ; Glomus ; Richardia scabra ; agricultural conservation practice ; agroecosystems ; community structure ; conventional tillage ; corn ; crop rotation ; equations ; no-tillage ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae ; weeds ; Southern Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Size	p. 917-935.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	742137-0
ISSN	1432-0789 ; 0178-2762
ISSN (online)	1432-0789
ISSN	0178-2762
DOI	10.1007/s00374-022-01678-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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