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  1. Article ; Online: Presymptomatic viral shedding and infective ability of SARS-CoV-2; a case report

    Karolina Nissen / Marie Hagbom / Janina Krambrich / Dario Akaberi / Sumit Sharma / Jiaxin Ling / Tove Hoffman / Lennart Svensson / Kåre Bondeson / Erik Salaneck

    Heliyon, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp e06328- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Possible pre- or asymptomatic transmission has been reported, both from SARS-CoV and from MERS-CoV outbreaks, although this appears to be uncommon. In contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of studies and case reports indicate that ... ...

    Abstract Possible pre- or asymptomatic transmission has been reported, both from SARS-CoV and from MERS-CoV outbreaks, although this appears to be uncommon. In contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of studies and case reports indicate that pre- or asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not only possible but also occurs frequently. We report repeated rRT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a health care worker and demonstrate infective ability up to three days prior to mild COVID-19 symptoms. rRT-PCR indicated high viral levels approximately three days after exposure. Viral samples collected one and three days prior to symptoms exhibited infectivity on Vero E6 cells, confirmed by detection of double-stranded RNA by immunofluorescence, assessment of cytopathic effect (CPE) and rRT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by day 9 and 15, respectively, after symptom onset. We propose that this provides evidence for potential early presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and that infectivity may be manifest shortly after exposure.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Presymptomatic transmission ; Cell culture ; Infectivity ; Antibody ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to “Presymptomatic viral shedding and infective ability of SARS-CoV-2; a case report” [Heliyon 7, (2), (February 2021), Article e06328]

    Karolina Nissen / Marie Hagbom / Janina Krambrich / Dario Akaberi / Sumit Sharma / Jiaxin Ling / Tove Hoffman / Åke Lundkvist / Lennart Svensson / Kåre Bondeson / Erik Salaneck

    Heliyon, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp e08906- (2022)

    2022  

    Keywords Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Long-distance airborne dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 wards

    Karolina Nissen / Janina Krambrich / Dario Akaberi / Tove Hoffman / Jiaxin Ling / Åke Lundkvist / Lennart Svensson / Erik Salaneck

    Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, as well as other coronaviruses, can be dispersed and potentially transmitted by aerosols directly or via ventilation systems. We therefore investigated ventilation openings in one COVID-19 ward and central ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, as well as other coronaviruses, can be dispersed and potentially transmitted by aerosols directly or via ventilation systems. We therefore investigated ventilation openings in one COVID-19 ward and central ducts that expel indoor air from three COVID-19 wards at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, during April and May 2020. Swab samples were taken from individual ceiling ventilation openings and surfaces in central ducts. Samples were subsequently subjected to rRT-PCR targeting the N and E genes of SARS-CoV-2. Central ventilation HEPA filters, located several stories above the wards, were removed and portions analyzed in the same manner. In two subsequent samplings, SARS-CoV-2 N and E genes were detected in seven and four out of 19 room vents, respectively. Central ventilation HEPA exhaust filters from the ward were found positive for both genes in three samples. Corresponding filters from two other, adjacent COVID-19 wards were also found positive. Infective ability of the samples was assessed by inoculation of susceptible cell cultures but could not be determined in these experiments. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in central ventilation systems, distant from patient areas, indicate that virus can be transported long distances and that droplet transmission alone cannot reasonably explain this, especially considering the relatively low air change rates in these wards. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 must be taken into consideration for preventive measures.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 690
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2

    Tove Hoffman / Karolina Nissen / Janina Krambrich / Bengt Rönnberg / Dario Akaberi / Mouna Esmaeilzadeh / Erik Salaneck / Johanna Lindahl / Åke Lundkvist

    Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, Vol 10, Iss

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for ...

    Abstract COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for investigating antibody responses and assessing individual and potential herd immunity. We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15 minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. The results revealed a sensitivity of 69% and 93.1% for IgM and IgG, respectively, based solely on PCR-positivity due to the absence of a serological gold standard. The assay specificities were shown to be 100% for IgM and 99.2% for IgG. This indicates that the test is suitable for assessing previous virus exposure, although negative results may be unreliable during the first weeks after infection. More detailed studies on antibody responses during and post infection are urgently needed.
    Keywords covid-19 ; sars-cov-2 ; rapid test ; igm ; igg ; diagnostics ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Taylor & Francis Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Soft tissue infection caused by Legionella bozemanii in a patient with ongoing immunosuppressive treatment

    Carl-Johan Neiderud / Angela Lagerqvist Vidh / Erik Salaneck

    Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, Vol 3, Iss 0, Pp 1-

    2013  Volume 3

    Abstract: The Legionellaceae family consists of approximately 50 species, of which the most commonly identified species is L. pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. Other Legionella ssp. most often cause clinical infections in the immune- ... ...

    Abstract The Legionellaceae family consists of approximately 50 species, of which the most commonly identified species is L. pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. Other Legionella ssp. most often cause clinical infections in the immune-compromised patients, in which L. bozemanii has been known to cause both pneumonia and lung abscesses. In the presented case, a soft tissue infection in a patient with ongoing immunosuppression was determined to be due to L. bozemanii. Hence, in immune-deficient patients, L. bozemanii could be considered a possible agent in soft tissue infections when other common pathogens have been ruled out.
    Keywords Legionella bozemanii ; soft tissue infection ; immunosuppression ; opportunistic infection ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Co-Action Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs

    Josef D. Järhult / John Wahlgren / Badrul Hasan / Erik Salaneck / Åke Lundkvist

    Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, Vol 5, Iss 0, Pp 1-

    2015  Volume 6

    Abstract: Background: To date, the most efficient and robust method for isolating avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) is using embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). It is known that low-pathogenic avian IAVs undergo rapid genetic changes when introduced to poultry ... ...

    Abstract Background: To date, the most efficient and robust method for isolating avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) is using embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). It is known that low-pathogenic avian IAVs undergo rapid genetic changes when introduced to poultry holdings, but the factors driving mutagenesis are not well understood. Despite this, there is limited data on the effects of the standard method of virus isolation of avian-derived viruses, that is, whether isolation in ECEs causes adaptive changes in avian IAVs. Eggs from a homologous species could potentially offer an isolation vessel less prone to induce adaptive changes. Methods: We performed eight serial passages of two avian IAVs isolated from fecal samples of wild Mallards in both ECEs and embryonated Mallard eggs, and hemagglutination assay titers and hemagglutinin sequences were compared. Results: There was no obvious difference in titers between ECEs and embryonated Mallard eggs. Sequence analyses of the isolates showed no apparent difference in the rate of introduction of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin gene (three substitutions in total in embryonated Mallard eggs and two substitutions in ECEs). Conclusion: Embryonated Mallard eggs seem to be good isolation vessels for avian IAVs but carry some practical problems such as limited availability and short egg-laying season of Mallards. Our study finds isolation of Mallard-derived avian IAVs in ECEs non-inferior to isolation in embryonated Mallard eggs, but more research in the area may be warranted as this is a small-scale study.
    Keywords zoonotic microorganisms ; species adaptation ; hemagglutinin ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Co-Action Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in Ticks from Migrating Birds in Sweden.

    Lisa Labbé Sandelin / Conny Tolf / Sara Larsson / Peter Wilhelmsson / Erik Salaneck / Thomas G T Jaenson / Per-Eric Lindgren / Björn Olsen / Jonas Waldenström

    PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 7, p e

    2015  Volume 0133250

    Abstract: Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (CNM; family Anaplasmataceae) was recently recognized as a potential tick-borne human pathogen. The presence of CNM in mammals, in host-seeking Ixodes ticks and in ticks attached to mammals and birds has been reported ... ...

    Abstract Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (CNM; family Anaplasmataceae) was recently recognized as a potential tick-borne human pathogen. The presence of CNM in mammals, in host-seeking Ixodes ticks and in ticks attached to mammals and birds has been reported recently. We investigated the presence of CNM in ornithophagous ticks from migrating birds. A total of 1,150 ticks (582 nymphs, 548 larvae, 18 undetermined ticks and two adult females) collected from 5,365 birds captured in south-eastern Sweden was screened for CNM by molecular methods. The birds represented 65 different species, of which 35 species were infested with one or more ticks. Based on a combination of morphological and molecular species identification, the majority of the ticks were identified as Ixodes ricinus. Samples were initially screened by real-time PCR targeting the CNM 16S rRNA gene, and confirmed by a second real-time PCR targeting the groEL gene. For positive samples, a 1260 base pair fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Based upon bacterial gene sequence identification, 2.1% (24/1150) of the analysed samples were CNM-positive. Twenty-two out of 24 CNM-positive ticks were molecularly identified as I. ricinus nymphs, and the remaining two were identified as I. ricinus based on morphology. The overall CNM prevalence in I. ricinus nymphs was 4.2%. None of the 548 tested larvae was positive. CNM-positive ticks were collected from 10 different bird species. The highest CNM-prevalences were recorded in nymphs collected from common redpoll (Carduelis flammea, 3/7), thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia, 2/29) and dunnock (Prunella modularis, 1/17). The 16S rRNA sequences obtained in this study were all identical to each other and to three previously reported European strains, two of which were obtained from humans. It is concluded that ornithophagous ticks may be infected with CNM and that birds most likely can disperse CNM-infected ticks over large geographical areas.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: On the potential roles of ticks and migrating birds in the ecology of West Nile virus

    Karl Hagman / Christos Barboutis, / Christian Ehrenborg / Thord Fransson / Thomas G.T. Jaenson / Per-Eric Lindgren, / Åke Lundkvist, / Fredrik Nyström / Jonas Waldenström, / Erik Salaneck

    Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, Vol 4, Iss 0, Pp 1-

    2014  Volume 5

    Abstract: Background: Mosquitoes are the primary vectors of West Nile virus (WNV). Ticks have, however, been suggested to be potential reservoirs of WNV. To investigate their role in the spread of the virus, ticks, which had been collected from birds migrating ... ...

    Abstract Background: Mosquitoes are the primary vectors of West Nile virus (WNV). Ticks have, however, been suggested to be potential reservoirs of WNV. To investigate their role in the spread of the virus, ticks, which had been collected from birds migrating northward from Africa to Europe, were analyzed for the potential presence of WNV RNA. Methods: On the Mediterranean islands of Capri and Antikythira, a total of 14,824 birds were captured and investigated from which 747 ticks were collected. Results and conclusions: Most of the identified ticks (93%) were nymphs and larvae of Hyalomma marginatum sensu lato (s.l.), most of which were or appear to be Hyalomma rufipes. Of these ticks, 729 were individually screened for WNV RNA. None of the ticks was found to be WNV positive. Thus, there was no evidence that H. marginatum s.l. ticks play a role in the spread of WNV from Africa to Europe.
    Keywords West Nile virus ; emerging infectious diseases ; migratory birds ; zoonoses ; ticks ; Hyalomma marginatum s.l. ; Hyalomma rufipes ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Co-Action Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Migratory Birds, Ticks, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

    Mats Lindeborg / Christos Barboutis / Christian Ehrenborg / Thord Fransson / Thomas G.T. Jaenson / Per-Eric Lindgren / Åke Lundkvist / Fredrik Nyström / Erik Salaneck / Jonas Waldenström / Björn Olsen

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 18, Iss 12, Pp 2095-

    2012  Volume 2097

    Keywords Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ; tick-borne diseases ; animal migration ; zoonoses ; migratory birds ; vector-borne infections ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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