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  1. Article: Consequences of cross-season demographic correlations for population viability.

    Layton-Matthews, Kate / Reiertsen, Tone K / Erikstad, Kjell-Einar / Anker-Nilssen, Tycho / Daunt, Francis / Wanless, Sarah / Barrett, Robert T / Newell, Mark A / Harris, Mike P

    Ecology and evolution

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e10312

    Abstract: Demographic correlations are pervasive in wildlife populations and can represent important secondary drivers of population growth. Empirical evidence suggests that correlations are in general positive for long-lived species, but little is known about the ...

    Abstract Demographic correlations are pervasive in wildlife populations and can represent important secondary drivers of population growth. Empirical evidence suggests that correlations are in general positive for long-lived species, but little is known about the degree of variation among spatially segregated populations of the same species in relation to environmental conditions. We assessed the relative importance of two cross-season correlations in survival and productivity, for three Atlantic puffin (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.10312
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The relationship between daily behavior, hormones, and a color dimorphism in a seabird under natural continuous light.

    Huffeldt, Nicholas Per / Tigano, Anna / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Goymann, Wolfgang / Jenni-Eiermann, Susanne / Moum, Truls / Reiertsen, Tone Kristin

    Hormones and behavior

    2021  Volume 130, Page(s) 104930

    Abstract: The predictable oscillation between the light of day and the dark of night across the diel cycle is a powerful selective force that has resulted in anticipatory mechanisms in nearly all taxa. At polar latitude, however, this oscillation becomes highly ... ...

    Abstract The predictable oscillation between the light of day and the dark of night across the diel cycle is a powerful selective force that has resulted in anticipatory mechanisms in nearly all taxa. At polar latitude, however, this oscillation becomes highly attenuated during the continuous light of polar day during summer. A general understanding of how animals keep time under these conditions is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that the common murre (a seabird, Uria aalge) can use melatonin and corticosterone, hormones associated with timekeeping, to track the diel cycle despite continuous light. We also tested the assumption that common murres breeding during polar summer schedule their colony attendance by time of day and sex, as they do at subpolar latitude. In the Atlantic population, common murres have a plumage color dimorphism associated with fitness-related traits, and we investigated the relationship of this dimorphism with colony attendance, melatonin, and corticosterone. The common murres did not schedule their attendance behavior by time of day or sex, yet they had higher concentrations of melatonin and, to a more limited extent, corticosterone during "night" than "day". Melatonin also linked to behavioral state. The two color morphs tended to have different colony-attendance behavior and melatonin concentrations, lending support for balancing selection maintaining the plumage dimorphism. In common murres, melatonin can signal time of day despite continuous light, and the limited diel variation of corticosterone contributes to the mounting evidence that polar-adapted birds and mammals require little or no diel variation in circulating glucocorticoids during polar day.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Birds ; Circadian Rhythm ; Corticosterone ; Light ; Melatonin ; Sex Characteristics
    Chemical Substances Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL) ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 214409-8
    ISSN 1095-6867 ; 0018-506X
    ISSN (online) 1095-6867
    ISSN 0018-506X
    DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104930
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  3. Article: Centennial relationships between ocean temperature and Atlantic puffin production reveal shifting decennial trends

    Hansen, Erpur S. / Sandvik, Hanno / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Yoccoz, Nigel G. / Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho / Bader, Jürgen / Descamps, Sébastien / Hodges, Kevin / Mesquita, Michel d. S. / Reiertsen, Tone K. / Varpe, Øystein

    Global change biology. 2021 Aug., v. 27, no. 16

    2021  

    Abstract: The current warming of the oceans has been shown to have detrimental effects for a number of species. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms may be hampered by the non‐linearity and non‐stationarity of the relationships between temperature and ... ...

    Abstract The current warming of the oceans has been shown to have detrimental effects for a number of species. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms may be hampered by the non‐linearity and non‐stationarity of the relationships between temperature and demography, and by the insufficient length of available time series. Most demographic time series are too short to study the effects of climate on wildlife in the classical sense of meteorological patterns over at least 30 years. Here we present a harvest time series of Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) that goes back as far as 1880. It originates in the world's largest puffin colony, in southwest Iceland, which has recently experienced a strong decline. By estimating an annual chick production index for 128 years, we found prolonged periods of strong correlations between local sea surface temperature (SST) and chick production. The sign of decennial correlations switches three times during this period, where the phases of strong negative correlations between puffin productivity and SST correspond to the early 20th century Arctic warming period and to the most recent decades. Most of the variation (72%) in chick production is explained by a model in which productivity peaks at an SST of 7.1°C, clearly rejecting the assumption of a linear relationship. There is also evidence supporting non‐stationarity: The SST at which puffins production peaked has increased by 0.24°C during the 20th century, although the increase in average SST during the same period has been more than three times faster. The best supported models indicate that the population's decline is at least partially caused by the increasing SST around Iceland.
    Keywords Fratercula ; chicks ; climate ; decline ; demography ; global change ; harvest date ; models ; surface water temperature ; time series analysis ; wildlife ; Arctic region ; Iceland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-08
    Size p. 3753-3764.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.15665
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Environmental variability and fledging body mass of Common Guillemot Uria aalge chicks

    Barrett, Robert T / Erikstad, Kjell Einar

    Marine biology. 2013 May, v. 160, no. 5

    2013  

    Abstract: To gain a better understanding of population processes and in the light of the critically endangered status of the Common Guillemot Uria aalge in Norway, we investigate which environmental factors might affect the fitness of guillemot chicks as they ... ...

    Abstract To gain a better understanding of population processes and in the light of the critically endangered status of the Common Guillemot Uria aalge in Norway, we investigate which environmental factors might affect the fitness of guillemot chicks as they depart from the nest site over a 16-year period on a colony in NE Norway. Although prey composition did not seem to influence the fledging body mass of the chicks, there were significant relationships between the yearly variations in chick body mass and abundance of two important prey species (1-group herring Clupea harengus that is an important chick food item and 0-group cod Gadus morhua that is an important adult food item), population size and the sea surface temperature around the colony. The positive influence of young herring and cod on Common Guillemot chick mass occurred during a period of warming in the Barents Sea such that future recruitment into the population will depend partly on the long-term changes in ocean climate in the region.
    Keywords Clupea harengus ; Gadus morhua ; Uria ; chicks ; climate change ; cod (fish) ; environmental factors ; foods ; herring ; nesting sites ; population size ; recruitment ; surface temperature ; Barents Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-05
    Size p. 1239-1248.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1117-4
    ISSN 1432-1793 ; 0025-3162
    ISSN (online) 1432-1793
    ISSN 0025-3162
    DOI 10.1007/s00227-013-2175-y
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Centennial relationships between ocean temperature and Atlantic puffin production reveal shifting decennial trends.

    Hansen, Erpur S / Sandvik, Hanno / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Yoccoz, Nigel G / Anker-Nilssen, Tycho / Bader, Jürgen / Descamps, Sébastien / Hodges, Kevin / Mesquita, Michel D S / Reiertsen, Tone K / Varpe, Øystein

    Global change biology

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 16, Page(s) 3753–3764

    Abstract: The current warming of the oceans has been shown to have detrimental effects for a number of species. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms may be hampered by the non-linearity and non-stationarity of the relationships between temperature and ... ...

    Abstract The current warming of the oceans has been shown to have detrimental effects for a number of species. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms may be hampered by the non-linearity and non-stationarity of the relationships between temperature and demography, and by the insufficient length of available time series. Most demographic time series are too short to study the effects of climate on wildlife in the classical sense of meteorological patterns over at least 30 years. Here we present a harvest time series of Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) that goes back as far as 1880. It originates in the world's largest puffin colony, in southwest Iceland, which has recently experienced a strong decline. By estimating an annual chick production index for 128 years, we found prolonged periods of strong correlations between local sea surface temperature (SST) and chick production. The sign of decennial correlations switches three times during this period, where the phases of strong negative correlations between puffin productivity and SST correspond to the early 20th century Arctic warming period and to the most recent decades. Most of the variation (72%) in chick production is explained by a model in which productivity peaks at an SST of 7.1°C, clearly rejecting the assumption of a linear relationship. There is also evidence supporting non-stationarity: The SST at which puffins production peaked has increased by 0.24°C during the 20th century, although the increase in average SST during the same period has been more than three times faster. The best supported models indicate that the population's decline is at least partially caused by the increasing SST around Iceland.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Atlantic Ocean ; Charadriiformes ; Iceland ; Oceans and Seas ; Temperature
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.15665
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  6. Article: Sympatric Atlantic puffins and razorbills show contrasting responses to adverse marine conditions during winter foraging within the North Sea

    St. John Glew, Katie / Wanless, Sarah / Harris, Michael P / Daunt, Francis / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Strøm, Hallvard / Speakman, John R / Kürten, Benjamin / Trueman, Clive N

    Movement ecology. 2019 Dec., v. 7, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Natural environments are dynamic systems with conditions varying across years. Higher trophic level consumers may respond to changes in the distribution and quality of available prey by moving to locate new resources or by switching diets. In ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Natural environments are dynamic systems with conditions varying across years. Higher trophic level consumers may respond to changes in the distribution and quality of available prey by moving to locate new resources or by switching diets. In order to persist, sympatric species with similar ecological niches may show contrasting foraging responses to changes in environmental conditions. However, in marine environments this assertion remains largely untested for highly mobile predators outside the breeding season because of the challenges of quantifying foraging location and trophic position under contrasting conditions. METHOD: Differences in overwinter survival rates of two populations of North Sea seabirds (Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) and razorbills (Alca torda)) indicated that environmental conditions differed between 2007/08 (low survival and thus poor conditions) and 2014/15 (higher survival, favourable conditions). We used a combination of bird-borne data loggers and stable isotope analyses to test 1) whether these sympatric species showed consistent responses with respect to foraging location and trophic position to these contrasting winter conditions during periods when body and cheek feathers were being grown (moult) and 2) whether any observed changes in moult locations and diet could be related to the abundance and distribution of potential prey species of differing energetic quality. RESULTS: Puffins and razorbills showed divergent foraging responses to contrasting winter conditions. Puffins foraging in the North Sea used broadly similar foraging locations during moult in both winters. However, puffin diet significantly differed, with a lower average trophic position in the winter characterised by lower survival rates. By contrast, razorbills’ trophic position increased in the poor survival winter and the population foraged in more distant southerly waters of the North Sea. CONCLUSIONS: Populations of North Sea puffins and razorbills showed contrasting foraging responses when environmental conditions, as indicated by overwinter survival differed. Conservation of mobile predators, many of which are in sharp decline, may benefit from dynamic spatial based management approaches focusing on behavioural changes in response to changing environmental conditions, particularly during life history stages associated with increased mortality.
    Keywords Alca torda ; Fratercula ; behavior change ; breeding season ; developmental stages ; diet ; environmental factors ; feathers ; foraging ; marine environment ; microprocessors ; molting ; niches ; predators ; prey species ; seabirds ; stable isotopes ; survival rate ; sympatry ; trophic levels ; winter ; North Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-12
    Size p. 33.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2724975-X
    ISSN 2051-3933
    ISSN 2051-3933
    DOI 10.1186/s40462-019-0174-4
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  7. Article: Differential breeding investment in bridled and non-bridled common guillemots (Uria aalge): morph of the partner matters

    Kristensen, Ditte Lyngbo / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Reiertsen, Tone K / Moum, Truls

    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology. 2014 Nov., v. 68, no. 11

    2014  

    Abstract: Polymorphism is the coexistence of two or more phenotypically distinct and genetically determinate forms in a population and implies a selective balance between the alternative morphs to permanently exist. Common guillemots Uria aalge occur in two ... ...

    Abstract Polymorphism is the coexistence of two or more phenotypically distinct and genetically determinate forms in a population and implies a selective balance between the alternative morphs to permanently exist. Common guillemots Uria aalge occur in two genetically distinct morphs—a non-bridled and a bridled—the latter with white eye rings and a well-defined stripe behind the eyes. In this study, we investigated differences between the morphs with regard to reproductive parameters. We used a detailed family-based sample providing data on mother, father, and chick over three breeding seasons. The mating between morphs was random but pure non-bridled and pure bridled pairs produced smaller chicks at age 15 days than the two mixed pair compositions. Body mass of the adults showed much the same pattern; pure pairs having lower body mass than mixed pairs. There were no differences between the two morphs in reproductive parameters without considering the morph of the partner. This suggests that reproductive decisions in some way not only depend on the morph but also on the tactic of the partner. Different reproductive strategies between morph family groups as found in this study may contribute to the understanding of the existence of a balanced polymorphism in common guillemots. The overall breeding conditions during the years of this study were good. However, over time in a variable environment, we suggest that tactics of different family groups may have different success stabilizing the frequency of non-bridled and bridled birds over time.
    Keywords Uria ; adults ; birds ; breeding ; chicks ; eyes ; morphs
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-11
    Size p. 1851-1858.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 194510-5
    ISSN 1432-0762 ; 0340-5443
    ISSN (online) 1432-0762
    ISSN 0340-5443
    DOI 10.1007/s00265-014-1794-8
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  8. Article ; Online ; Research data: (with research data) Hidden survival heterogeneity of three Common eider populations in response to climate fluctuations.

    Guéry, Loreleï / Descamps, Sébastien / Pradel, Roger / Hanssen, Sveinn Are / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Gabrielsen, Geir W / Gilchrist, H Grant / Bêty, Joël

    The Journal of animal ecology

    2017  Volume 86, Issue 3, Page(s) 683–693

    Abstract: Understanding how individuals and populations respond to fluctuations in climatic conditions is critical to explain and anticipate changes in ecological systems. Most such studies focus on climate impacts on single populations without considering inter- ... ...

    Abstract Understanding how individuals and populations respond to fluctuations in climatic conditions is critical to explain and anticipate changes in ecological systems. Most such studies focus on climate impacts on single populations without considering inter- and intra-population heterogeneity. However, comparing geographically dispersed populations limits the risk of faulty generalizations and helps to improve ecological and demographic models. We aimed to determine whether differences in migration tactics among and within populations would induce inter- or intra-population heterogeneity in survival in relation to winter climate fluctuations. Our study species was the Common eider (Somateria mollissima), a marine duck with a circumpolar distribution, which is strongly affected by climatic conditions during several phases of its annual cycle. Capture-mark-recapture data were collected in two arctic (northern Canada and Svalbard) and one subarctic (northern Norway) population over a period of 18, 15, and 29 years respectively. These three populations have different migration tactics and experience different winter climatic conditions. Using multi-event and mixture modelling, we assessed the association between adult female eider survival and winter conditions as measured by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. We found that winter weather conditions affected the survival of female eiders from each of these three populations. However, different mechanisms seemed to be involved. Survival of the two migrating arctic populations was impacted directly by changes in the NAO, whereas the subarctic resident population was affected by the NAO with time lags of 2-3 years. Moreover, we found evidence for intra-population heterogeneity in the survival response to the winter NAO in the Canadian eider population, where individuals migrate to distinct wintering areas. Our results illustrate how individuals and populations of the same species can vary in their responses to climate variation. We suspect that the found variation in the survival response of birds to winter conditions is partly explained by differences in migration tactic. Detecting and accounting for inter- and intra-population heterogeneity will improve our predictions concerning the response of wildlife to global changes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Climate Change ; Ducks/physiology ; Female ; Longevity ; Norway ; Nunavut ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Svalbard
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.12643
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  9. Article ; Online: Maternal androgens increase sibling aggression, dominance, and competitive ability in the siblicidal black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla).

    Müller, Martina S / Roelofs, Yvonne / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Groothuis, Ton G G

    PloS one

    2012  Volume 7, Issue 10, Page(s) e47763

    Abstract: Animals and plants routinely produce more offspring than they can afford to rear. Mothers can favour certain young by conferring on them competitive advantages such as a leading position in the birth sequence, more resources or hormones. Avian mothers ... ...

    Abstract Animals and plants routinely produce more offspring than they can afford to rear. Mothers can favour certain young by conferring on them competitive advantages such as a leading position in the birth sequence, more resources or hormones. Avian mothers create hatching asynchrony within a clutch and at the same time bestow the eggs with different concentrations of androgens that may enhance or counteract the competitive advantage experienced by early-hatching "core" young. In siblicidal birds, core young assume a dominant social position in the nest due to their size advantage and when threatened with starvation fatally attack subdominant later-hatching "marginal" young. A role for maternal androgens in siblicidal aggression has frequently been suggested but never tested. We studied this in the facultatively siblicidal black-headed kittiwake. We found that marginal eggs contain higher instead of lower concentrations of androgens than core eggs. Surprisingly, exposure to experimentally elevated yolk androgens increased sibling aggression and dominance, even though in nature marginal eggs never produce dominant chicks. We propose the "adoption facilitation hypothesis" to explain this paradox. This cliff-nesting colonial species has a high adoption rate: ejected marginal kittiwake chicks frequently fall into other nests containing chicks of similar or smaller size and exposure to yolk androgens might help them integrate themselves into a foster nest.
    MeSH term(s) Aggression ; Androgens/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Size ; Charadriiformes/growth & development ; Eggs/analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Nesting Behavior ; Social Dominance
    Chemical Substances Androgens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-10-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047763
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  10. Article: Sympatric Atlantic puffins and razorbills show contrasting responses to adverse marine conditions during winter foraging within the North Sea.

    St John Glew, Katie / Wanless, Sarah / Harris, Michael P / Daunt, Francis / Erikstad, Kjell Einar / Strøm, Hallvard / Speakman, John R / Kürten, Benjamin / Trueman, Clive N

    Movement ecology

    2019  Volume 7, Page(s) 33

    Abstract: Background: Natural environments are dynamic systems with conditions varying across years. Higher trophic level consumers may respond to changes in the distribution and quality of available prey by moving to locate new resources or by switching diets. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Natural environments are dynamic systems with conditions varying across years. Higher trophic level consumers may respond to changes in the distribution and quality of available prey by moving to locate new resources or by switching diets. In order to persist, sympatric species with similar ecological niches may show contrasting foraging responses to changes in environmental conditions. However, in marine environments this assertion remains largely untested for highly mobile predators outside the breeding season because of the challenges of quantifying foraging location and trophic position under contrasting conditions.
    Method: Differences in overwinter survival rates of two populations of North Sea seabirds (Atlantic puffins (
    Results: Puffins and razorbills showed divergent foraging responses to contrasting winter conditions. Puffins foraging in the North Sea used broadly similar foraging locations during moult in both winters. However, puffin diet significantly differed, with a lower average trophic position in the winter characterised by lower survival rates. By contrast, razorbills' trophic position increased in the poor survival winter and the population foraged in more distant southerly waters of the North Sea.
    Conclusions: Populations of North Sea puffins and razorbills showed contrasting foraging responses when environmental conditions, as indicated by overwinter survival differed. Conservation of mobile predators, many of which are in sharp decline, may benefit from dynamic spatial based management approaches focusing on behavioural changes in response to changing environmental conditions, particularly during life history stages associated with increased mortality.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2724975-X
    ISSN 2051-3933
    ISSN 2051-3933
    DOI 10.1186/s40462-019-0174-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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