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Article: Embodiment of infinity in mathematics.

Khatin-Zadeh, Omid / Farsani, Danyal / Eskandari, Zahra

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1321940

Abstract: In this article, we discuss the embodiment of infinity as one of fundamental concepts in mathematics. In contrast to the embodiment of many other mathematical concepts, the embodiment of infinity is an endless dynamic process. In embodying +∞, an object ... ...

Abstract	In this article, we discuss the embodiment of infinity as one of fundamental concepts in mathematics. In contrast to the embodiment of many other mathematical concepts, the embodiment of infinity is an endless dynamic process. In embodying +∞, an object moves rightward toward a previously-set limit and passes it. Then, a new limit is set on the right side of the moving object. The moving object continues its movement and passes it as well. The moving object can pass any limit. In other words, there is no impassable limit for it. In embodying -∞, a similar process happens but the movement is leftward. Embodiment of infinitely small quantities has a basic similarity to the embodiment of infinitely large quantities, although it is different in some respects. We call the embodiment of infinity as
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1321940
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Design and psychometrics of risk assessment tool for makeshift hospitals: Focusing on pandemics.

Dehghani, Arezoo / Ghomian, Zohreh / Eskandari, Zahra

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) e14973

Abstract: Pandemics caused a change in the health service delivery system. In disasters with massive injuries or epidemic, the capacity to admit the injured and infected patients to provide health services faces the challenges. Covid-19 virus is a respiratory ... ...

Abstract	Pandemics caused a change in the health service delivery system. In disasters with massive injuries or epidemic, the capacity to admit the injured and infected patients to provide health services faces the challenges. Covid-19 virus is a respiratory disease that from its emergence until January 18, 2023, the Covid-19 virus has infected more than 672 million people worldwide. In most countries, makeshift hospital has been set up as intermediate medical centers to keep people who are likely to be carriers of the disease to control communicable diseases. Most makeshift hospitals already have alternative uses and, have changed into temporary or intermediate care centers. Based on the search of research team, any standard tools were found to assess the makeshift hospitals safety. All the safety assessment tools were related to the hospital, but since makeshift hospitals are mostly non-hospital structures, the research team has designed and validate a makeshift hospital safety assessment tool for the first time in this study. The present study is a mixed method that was conducted in 3 phases including; a document review, explaining the components affecting non-structural and functional safety of the makeshift hospital, designing makeshift hospital safety assessment tools and analyzing the results and validating it in 2022. Content validity and reliability were measured by CVR and CVI, ICC and Cronbach's alpha. In the fourth phase, with the participation of 15 specialists, managers, experts, qualitative and quantitative validity of content was done. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. The final tool contains 186 items and a 5-point Likert designed for very low safety (1), low safety (2), moderate safety (3), good safety (4), and very good safety (5). The scores of each makeshift hospital were calculated based on the items and the degree of safety. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for tool was 0.98. Retesting the questionnaire after two weeks confirmed the stability of tool (ICC = 0.98). The validity and reliability of this tool were confirmed with 186 items in 2 factors and 26 subcategories including risk of disaster, non-structural safety, safety of windows and shutters, hospital access, information and communication management, patient safety and hygiene and etc. All centers providing health services, whether temporarily or permanently, must have safety to continue their activities in disaster and maintain the safety and health of staff and inpatients. The makeshift hospital safety tool can be a suitable tool for assessing the risk and eliminating their vulnerabilities, and it can also provide important indicators for the design and set up of the makeshift hospital to policymakers and executives in the field of health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14973
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Article ; Online: Design and psychometrics of risk assessment tool for makeshift hospitals: Focusing on pandemics

Dehghani, Arezoo / Ghomian, Zohreh / Eskandari, Zahra

Heliyon. 2023 Apr., v. 9, no. 4 p.e14973-

2023

Abstract	Pandemics caused a change in the health service delivery system. In disasters with massive injuries or epidemic, the capacity to admit the injured and infected patients to provide health services faces the challenges. Covid-19 virus is a respiratory disease that from its emergence until January 18, 2023, the Covid-19 virus has infected more than 672 million people worldwide. In most countries, makeshift hospital has been set up as intermediate medical centers to keep people who are likely to be carriers of the disease to control communicable diseases. Most makeshift hospitals already have alternative uses and, have changed into temporary or intermediate care centers. Based on the search of research team, any standard tools were found to assess the makeshift hospitals safety. All the safety assessment tools were related to the hospital, but since makeshift hospitals are mostly non-hospital structures, the research team has designed and validate a makeshift hospital safety assessment tool for the first time in this study. The present study is a mixed method that was conducted in 3 phases including; a document review, explaining the components affecting non-structural and functional safety of the makeshift hospital, designing makeshift hospital safety assessment tools and analyzing the results and validating it in 2022. Content validity and reliability were measured by CVR and CVI, ICC and Cronbach's alpha. In the fourth phase, with the participation of 15 specialists, managers, experts, qualitative and quantitative validity of content was done. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. The final tool contains 186 items and a 5-point Likert designed for very low safety (1), low safety (2), moderate safety (3), good safety (4), and very good safety (5). The scores of each makeshift hospital were calculated based on the items and the degree of safety. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for tool was 0.98. Retesting the questionnaire after two weeks confirmed the stability of tool (ICC = 0.98). The validity and reliability of this tool were confirmed with 186 items in 2 factors and 26 subcategories including risk of disaster, non-structural safety, safety of windows and shutters, hospital access, information and communication management, patient safety and hygiene and etc. All centers providing health services, whether temporarily or permanently, must have safety to continue their activities in disaster and maintain the safety and health of staff and inpatients. The makeshift hospital safety tool can be a suitable tool for assessing the risk and eliminating their vulnerabilities, and it can also provide important indicators for the design and set up of the makeshift hospital to policymakers and executives in the field of health.
Keywords	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; computer software ; health services ; hospitals ; hygiene ; patients ; people ; questionnaires ; respiratory tract diseases ; risk ; risk assessment ; safety assessment ; Makeshift hospital ; Field hospital ; Temporary hospital safety assessment ; Pandemics ; Disasters management
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14973
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Schematic Embodiment of Perseverance in Persian.

Khatin-Zadeh, Omid / Hu, Jiehui / Eskandari, Zahra / Banaruee, Hassan / Farsani, Danyal

Journal of psycholinguistic research

2024 Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) 12

Abstract: A group of Persian speakers were asked to talk about the concept of perseverance in semi-structured interviews. Gestures that participants used to talk about this concept were analyzed. The results showed that the concept of perseverance was primarily ... ...

Abstract	A group of Persian speakers were asked to talk about the concept of perseverance in semi-structured interviews. Gestures that participants used to talk about this concept were analyzed. The results showed that the concept of perseverance was primarily embodied in upward head gestures, fist-shaped hand gestures, forward hand gestures, and forward leg gestures. In a significant number of cases, these four elements occurred together. This suggests that the embodiment of perseverance can be distributed in several gestures in several body parts. Although these gestures had different directions in various body parts, the pattern of occurrence of these gestures was the same in a significant number of cases. We call this process schematic embodiment. These four elements create a gestural scheme that represents the embodied realization of perseverance. We define gestural scheme as a set of dynamic, sequential, and coordinated gestures that collectively represent a concept or an event.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gestures
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124517-x
ISSN	1573-6555 ; 0090-6905
ISSN (online)	1573-6555
ISSN	0090-6905
DOI	10.1007/s10936-024-10055-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Studying the microbial, chemical, and sensory characteristics of shrimp coated with alginate sodium nanoparticles containing

Osanloo, Mahmoud / Eskandari, Zahra / Zarenezhad, Elham / Qasemi, Hajar / Nematollahi, Amene

Food science & nutrition

2023 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 2823–2837

Abstract: Retardation of quality loss of seafood has been a new concept in recent years. This study's main objective was to evaluate the microbial, chemical, and sensory attributes of shrimp coated with alginate sodium nanoparticles ... ...

Abstract	Retardation of quality loss of seafood has been a new concept in recent years. This study's main objective was to evaluate the microbial, chemical, and sensory attributes of shrimp coated with alginate sodium nanoparticles containing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703010-6
ISSN	2048-7177
ISSN	2048-7177
DOI	10.1002/fsn3.3261
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Article ; Online: Gestures Enhance Executive Functions for the Understating of Mathematical Concepts.

Khatin-Zadeh, Omid / Eskandari, Zahra / Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando

Integrative psychological & behavioral science

2022

Abstract: This article discusses the role of gestures in enhancing inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility as the three components of executive functions during the processing of mathematical concepts that are metaphorically described in terms of ... ...

Abstract	This article discusses the role of gestures in enhancing inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility as the three components of executive functions during the processing of mathematical concepts that are metaphorically described in terms of motion events. Gestures can contribute to the process of inhibition by highlighting the relevant information and keeping the irrelevant information out of focus of attention. Gestures contribute to working memory in two ways during mathematical processing. They increase activity in the motor areas of the brain. Therefore, they may facilitate the process of understanding those mathematical concepts that are described in terms of motion event, as the motor system could play a role in the grounding and the processing of these concepts. Also, gestures can function as an external working memory and keep the visual representation of some parts of information for a short period of time in order to manipulate that information in later stages of processing. Gestures enhance cognitive flexibility by allowing us to have a spatial representation of that concept or idea for a period of time. During this time, we can shift our perspective and process that concept or idea from a variety of perspectives.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2396310-4
ISSN	1936-3567 ; 1932-4502
ISSN (online)	1936-3567
ISSN	1932-4502
DOI	10.1007/s12124-022-09694-4
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Article: The roles of motion, gesture, and embodied action in the processing of mathematical concepts.

Khatin-Zadeh, Omid / Farsani, Danyal / Eskandari, Zahra / Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando

Frontiers in psychology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 969341

Abstract: This article discusses perspective and frame of reference in the metaphorical description of mathematical concepts in terms of motions, gestures, and embodied actions. When a mathematical concept is described metaphorically in terms of gestures, embodied ...

Abstract	This article discusses perspective and frame of reference in the metaphorical description of mathematical concepts in terms of motions, gestures, and embodied actions. When a mathematical concept is described metaphorically in terms of gestures, embodied actions, or fictive motions, the motor system comes into play to ground and understand that concept. Every motion, gesture, or embodied action involves a perspective and a frame of reference. The flexibility in taking perspective and frame of reference allows people to embody a mathematical concept or idea in various ways. Based on the findings of past studies, it is suggested that the graphical representation of a mathematical concept may activate those areas of the motor system that are involved in the production of that graphical representation. This is supported by studies showing that when observers look at a painting or handwritten letters, they simulate the painter's or writer's hand movements during painting or writing. Likewise, the motor system can contribute to the grounding of abstract mathematical concepts, such as functions, numbers, and arithmetic operations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.969341
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Article: Climate change and health: The case of mapping droughts and migration pattern in Iran (2011-2016).

Sohrabizadeh, Sanaz / Farahi-Ashtiani, Iman / Bahramzadeh, Amirhosein / Eskandari, Zahra / Moradi, Aioub / Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad Ali

Journal of emergency management (Weston, Mass.)

2024 Volume 22, Issue 7, Page(s) 113–122

Abstract: Introduction: Migration and mobility of population have been reported as a common reaction to drought. There is historical evidence to suggest the health effects of droughts and human migration linkage in Iran. This study aimed to map the drought and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Migration and mobility of population have been reported as a common reaction to drought. There is historical evidence to suggest the health effects of droughts and human migration linkage in Iran. This study aimed to map the drought and migration patterns in Iran in 2011 and 2016 and explore their possible health impacts. Methods: This sequential explanatory mixed-method study was done in two stages of spatial analysis and qualitative study. Data mapping was conducted through the equal interval classification and using drought, migration, and agriculture occupation data based on provincial divisions in Iran in 2011 and 2016. This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis approach. Results: The in-migration rate was higher in 2011 rather than 2016. Migration to cities was much higher than migration to villages in both years. The frequency of male migrants was higher than females in all provinces in 2011 and 2016. Physical and mental diseases as well as economic, sociocultural, education, and environment effects on health were extracted from the qualitative data. Conclusion: A holistic picture of droughts and migration issues in Iran and their health consequences were achieved by the present research. Further research is needed to explore the determinants of health impacts of climate change in vulnerable groups. Public health problems can be prevented by adaptive and preventive policy-making and planning. This can improve the coping capacity of the population facing droughts and enforced migration.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Climate Change ; Iran ; Droughts ; Cities ; Coping Skills
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2799989-0
ISSN	1543-5865
ISSN	1543-5865
DOI	10.5055/jem.0814
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Gestural Embodiment of Intensifiers in Iconic, Metaphoric, and Beat Gestures.

Khatin-Zadeh, Omid / Farsani, Danyal / Hu, Jiehui / Eskandari, Zahra / Banaruee, Hassan

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the gestural embodiment of intensifiers in iconic and metaphoric gestures when these words are used with literal and metaphoric statements. We asked a group of Persian native speakers to listen to and then retell a set of ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to examine the gestural embodiment of intensifiers in iconic and metaphoric gestures when these words are used with literal and metaphoric statements. We asked a group of Persian native speakers to listen to and then retell a set of Persian stories. In these stories, a number of intensifiers were used with literal and metaphoric sentences. The results showed that when an intensifier was used with a literal sentence, there was a higher probability of using an iconic or beat gesture than when there was no intensifier in the sentence. Also, when an intensifier was used with a metaphoric sentence, there was a higher probability of using a metaphoric or beat gesture than when the sentence contained no intensifier. These results suggested that an intensifier in a literal or metaphoric sentence can strengthen the mental simulation and the embodiment of objects, ideas, or situations. When an intensifier is used with a literal or metaphoric sentence, the strength of activation in the premotor areas may be amplified and spread to motor areas. In contrast, when no such intensifier is used in a literal or metaphoric sentence, there is a higher probability of simulation in premotor areas without spreading to the primary motor areas. The production of an internal force and expressing emphasis are two other possibilities that may explain the higher use of gestures with intensifiers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs13020174
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Impact of Manner Adverb on the Gestural Embodiment of Actions Described by Literal and Metaphoric Sentences.

Khatin-Zadeh, Omid / Farsani, Danyal / Hu, Jiehui / Eskandari, Zahra / Banaruee, Hassan

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of manner adverbs on the gestural embodiment of actions that are described by literal and metaphoric sentences. We asked a group of participants to read and then orally retell four stories. Each story had ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to examine the impact of manner adverbs on the gestural embodiment of actions that are described by literal and metaphoric sentences. We asked a group of participants to read and then orally retell four stories. Each story had two versions. In one version, literal and metaphoric sentences describing literal and metaphorical actions did not include manner adverbs. In the other version of each story, the same sentences included a manner adverb that provided more information about literal or metaphoric actions. Participants' reproductions of stories were recorded with a camera and were analyzed to make a comparison between gestures that accompanied sentences that included a manner adverb and sentences that did not include a manner adverb. The results showed that when literal and metaphoric sentences included a manner adverb, there was a higher probability of using a gesture than when these sentences were used without a manner adverb. In other words, using a manner adverb increases the probability of using a gesture with literal and metaphorical sentences. Therefore, it is suggested that adding a manner adverb to a literal or metaphoric sentence can strengthen the process of embodiment of the action described in that sentence. We present two explanations for this observation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs13020155
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