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  1. Article ; Online: Ethanol Induces Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by Altering Lipid Metabolism through the Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes and Sphingomyelinases

    Francesc Ibáñez / Jorge Montesinos / Estela Area-Gomez / Consuelo Guerri / María Pascual

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 8438, p

    2021  Volume 8438

    Abstract: Recent evidence pinpoints extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players in intercellular communication. Given the importance of cholesterol and sphingomyelin in EV biology, and the relevance of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) ...

    Abstract Recent evidence pinpoints extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players in intercellular communication. Given the importance of cholesterol and sphingomyelin in EV biology, and the relevance of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in cholesterol/sphingomyelin homeostasis, we evaluated if MAMs and sphingomyelinases (SMases) could participate in ethanol-induced EV release. EVs were isolated from the extracellular medium of BV2 microglia treated or not with ethanol (50 and 100 mM). Radioactive metabolic tracers combined with thin layer chromatography were used as quantitative methods to assay phospholipid transfer, SMase activity and cholesterol uptake/esterification. Inhibitors of SMase (desipramine and GW4869) and MAM (cyclosporin A) activities were also utilized. Our data show that ethanol increases the secretion and inflammatory molecule concentration of EVs. Ethanol also upregulates MAM activity and alters lipid metabolism by increasing cholesterol uptake, cholesterol esterification and SMase activity in microglia. Notably, the inhibition of either SMase or MAM activity prevented the ethanol-induced increase in EV secretion. Collectively, these results strongly support a lipid-driven mechanism, specifically via SMases and MAM, to explain the effect of ethanol on EV secretion in glial cells.
    Keywords extracellular vesicles ; lipid metabolism ; mitochondria-associated ER membranes ; alcohol ; neuroinflammation ; microglia ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Lipidomics study of plasma from patients suggest that ALS and PLS are part of a continuum of motor neuron disorders

    Estela Area-Gomez / D. Larrea / T. Yun / Y. Xu / J. Hupf / F. Zandkarimi / R. B. Chan / H. Mitsumoto

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 14

    Abstract: Abstract Motor neuron disorders (MND) include a group of pathologies that affect upper and/or lower motor neurons. Among them, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, with fatal outcomes only in a few years ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Motor neuron disorders (MND) include a group of pathologies that affect upper and/or lower motor neurons. Among them, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, with fatal outcomes only in a few years after diagnosis. On the other hand, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), a more benign form of MND that only affects upper motor neurons, results in life-long progressive motor dysfunction. Although the outcomes are quite different, ALS and PLS present with similar symptoms at disease onset, to the degree that both disorders could be considered part of a continuum. These similarities and the lack of reliable biomarkers often result in delays in accurate diagnosis and/or treatment. In the nervous system, lipids exert a wide variety of functions, including roles in cell structure, synaptic transmission, and multiple metabolic processes. Thus, the study of the absolute and relative concentrations of a subset of lipids in human pathology can shed light into these cellular processes and unravel alterations in one or more pathways. In here, we report the lipid composition of longitudinal plasma samples from ALS and PLS patients initially, and after 2 years following enrollment in a clinical study. Our analysis revealed common aspects of these pathologies suggesting that, from the lipidomics point of view, PLS and ALS behave as part of a continuum of motor neuron disorders.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Alveolar type II epithelial cell FASN maintains lipid homeostasis in experimental COPD

    Li-Chao Fan / Keith McConn / Maria Plataki / Sarah Kenny / Niamh C. Williams / Kihwan Kim / Jennifer A. Quirke / Yan Chen / Maor Sauler / Matthias E. Möbius / Kuei-Pin Chung / Estela Area Gomez / Augustine M.K. Choi / Jin-Fu Xu / Suzanne M. Cloonan

    JCI Insight, Vol 8, Iss

    2023  Volume 16

    Abstract: Alveolar epithelial type II (AEC2) cells strictly regulate lipid metabolism to maintain surfactant synthesis. Loss of AEC2 cell function and surfactant production are implicated in the pathogenesis of the smoking-related lung disease chronic obstructive ... ...

    Abstract Alveolar epithelial type II (AEC2) cells strictly regulate lipid metabolism to maintain surfactant synthesis. Loss of AEC2 cell function and surfactant production are implicated in the pathogenesis of the smoking-related lung disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether smoking alters lipid synthesis in AEC2 cells and whether altering lipid metabolism in AEC2 cells contributes to COPD development are unclear. In this study, high-throughput lipidomic analysis revealed increased lipid biosynthesis in AEC2 cells isolated from mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Mice with a targeted deletion of the de novo lipogenesis enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FASN), in AEC2 cells (FasniΔAEC2) exposed to CS exhibited higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, higher BALF protein, and more severe airspace enlargement. FasniΔAEC2 mice exposed to CS had lower levels of key surfactant phospholipids but higher levels of BALF ether phospholipids, sphingomyelins, and polyunsaturated fatty acid–containing phospholipids, as well as increased BALF surface tension. FasniΔAEC2 mice exposed to CS also had higher levels of protective ferroptosis markers in the lung. These data suggest that AEC2 cell FASN modulates the response of the lung to smoke by regulating the composition of the surfactant phospholipidome.
    Keywords Metabolism ; Pulmonology ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Sphingolipid desaturase DEGS1 is essential for mitochondria-associated membrane integrity

    Laura Planas-Serra / Nathalie Launay / Leire Goicoechea / Bénédicte Heron / Cristina Jou / Natalia Juliá-Palacios / Montserrat Ruiz / Stéphane Fourcade / Carlos Casasnovas / Carolina De La Torre / Antoinette Gelot / Maria Marsal / Pablo Loza-Alvarez / Àngels García-Cazorla / Ali Fatemi / Isidre Ferrer / Manel Portero-Otin / Estela Area-Gómez / Aurora Pujol

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 133, Iss

    2023  Volume 10

    Abstract: Sphingolipids function as membrane constituents and signaling molecules, with crucial roles in human diseases, from neurodevelopmental disorders to cancer, best exemplified in the inborn errors of sphingolipid metabolism in lysosomes. The dihydroceramide ...

    Abstract Sphingolipids function as membrane constituents and signaling molecules, with crucial roles in human diseases, from neurodevelopmental disorders to cancer, best exemplified in the inborn errors of sphingolipid metabolism in lysosomes. The dihydroceramide desaturase Δ4-dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DEGS1) acts in the last step of a sector of the sphingolipid pathway, de novo ceramide biosynthesis. Defects in DEGS1 cause the recently described hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-18 (HLD18) (OMIM #618404). Here, we reveal that DEGS1 is a mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane–resident (MAM-resident) enzyme, refining previous reports locating DEGS1 at the endoplasmic reticulum only. Using patient fibroblasts, multiomics, and enzymatic assays, we show that DEGS1 deficiency disrupts the main core functions of the MAM: (a) mitochondrial dynamics, with a hyperfused mitochondrial network associated with decreased activation of dynamin-related protein 1; (b) cholesterol metabolism, with impaired sterol O-acyltransferase activity and decreased cholesteryl esters; (c) phospholipid metabolism, with increased phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine and decreased phosphatidylethanolamine; and (d) biogenesis of lipid droplets, with increased size and numbers. Moreover, we detected increased mitochondrial superoxide species production in fibroblasts and mitochondrial respiration impairment in patient muscle biopsy tissues. Our findings shed light on the pathophysiology of HLD18 and broaden our understanding of the role of sphingolipid metabolism in MAM function.
    Keywords Metabolism ; Neuroscience ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical Investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: RINT1 deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism and underlies a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia

    Nathalie Launay / Montserrat Ruiz / Laura Planas-Serra / Edgard Verdura / Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero / Agatha Schlüter / Leire Goicoechea / Cristina Guilera / Josefina Casas / Felix Campelo / Emmanuelle Jouanguy / Jean-Laurent Casanova / Odile Boespflug-Tanguy / Maria Vazquez Cancela / Luis González Gutiérrez-Solana / Carlos Casasnovas / Estela Area-Gomez / Aurora Pujol

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 133, Iss

    2023  Volume 14

    Abstract: The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated ... ...

    Abstract The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families with novel biallelic RINT1 loss-of-function variants who presented with early onset spastic paraplegia, ataxia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features, broadening the previously described phenotype. Our functional and lipidomic analyses provided evidence that pathogenic RINT1 variants induce defective lipid–droplet biogenesis and profound lipid abnormalities in fibroblasts and plasma that impact both neutral lipid and phospholipid metabolism, including decreased triglycerides and diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine ratios, and inhibited Lands cycle. Further, RINT1 mutations induced intracellular ROS production and reduced ATP synthesis, affecting mitochondria with membrane depolarization, aberrant cristae ultrastructure, and increased fission. Altogether, our results highlighted the pivotal role of RINT1 in lipid metabolism and mitochondria function, with a profound effect in central nervous system development.
    Keywords Metabolism ; Neuroscience ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 572 ; 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical Investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: STIM1 Deficiency Leads to Specific Down-Regulation of ITPR3 in SH-SY5Y Cells

    Carlos Pascual-Caro / Yolanda Orantos-Aguilera / Irene Sanchez-Lopez / Jaime de Juan-Sanz / Jan B. Parys / Estela Area-Gomez / Eulalia Pozo-Guisado / Francisco Javier Martin-Romero

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 6598, p

    2020  Volume 6598

    Abstract: STIM1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that modulates the activity of a number of Ca 2+ transport systems. By direct physical interaction with ORAI1, a plasma membrane Ca 2+ channel, STIM1 activates the I CRAC current, whereas the binding with ... ...

    Abstract STIM1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that modulates the activity of a number of Ca 2+ transport systems. By direct physical interaction with ORAI1, a plasma membrane Ca 2+ channel, STIM1 activates the I CRAC current, whereas the binding with the voltage-operated Ca 2+ channel Ca V 1.2 inhibits the current through this latter channel. In this way, STIM1 is a key regulator of Ca 2+ signaling in excitable and non-excitable cells, and altered STIM1 levels have been reported to underlie several pathologies, including immunodeficiency, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In both sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease, a decrease of STIM1 protein levels accounts for the alteration of Ca 2+ handling that compromises neuronal cell viability. Using SH-SY5Y cells edited by CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout STIM1 gene expression, this work evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell death triggered by the deficiency of STIM1, demonstrating that STIM1 is a positive regulator of ITPR3 gene expression. ITPR3 (or IP3R3) is a Ca 2+ channel enriched at ER-mitochondria contact sites where it provides Ca 2+ for transport into the mitochondria. Thus, STIM1 deficiency leads to a strong reduction of ITPR3 transcript and ITPR3 protein levels, a consequent decrease of the mitochondria free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] mit ), reduction of mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, and decrease in ATP synthesis rate. All these values were normalized by ectopic expression of ITPR3 in STIM1-KO cells, providing strong evidence for a new mode of regulation of [Ca 2+ ] mit mediated by the STIM1-ITPR3 axis.
    Keywords Calcium ; endoplasmic reticulum ; IP3 receptor ; mitochondria ; neurodegeneration ; STIM1 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Decreased surfactant lipids correlate with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

    Christina W Agudelo / Britta K Kumley / Estela Area-Gomez / Yimeng Xu / Abdoulaye J Dabo / Patrick Geraghty / Michael Campos / Robert Foronjy / Itsaso Garcia-Arcos

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 2, p e

    2020  Volume 0228279

    Abstract: Smoke exposure is known to decrease total pulmonary surfactant and alter its composition, but the role of surfactant in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. We aimed to analyze the compositional changes in the surfactant lipidome ...

    Abstract Smoke exposure is known to decrease total pulmonary surfactant and alter its composition, but the role of surfactant in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. We aimed to analyze the compositional changes in the surfactant lipidome in COPD and identify specific lipids associated with pulmonary function decline. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 12 former smokers with COPD and 5 non-smoking, non-asthmatic healthy control volunteers. Lipids were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pulmonary function data were obtained by spirometry, and correlations of lung function with lipid species were determined. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 6 months of second-hand smoke in a full-body chamber. Surfactant lipids were decreased by 60% in subjects with COPD. All phospholipid classes were dramatically decreased, including ether phospholipids, which have not been studied in pulmonary surfactant. Availability of phospholipid, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin in BAL strongly correlated with pulmonary function and this was attributable to specific lipid species of phosphatidylcholine with surface tension reducing properties, and of phosphatidylglycerol with antimicrobial roles, as well as to other less studied lipid species. Mice exposed to smoke for six months recapitulated surfactant lipidomic changes observed in human subjects with COPD. In summary, we show that the surfactant lipidome is substantially altered in subjects with COPD, and decreased availability of phospholipids correlated with decreased pulmonary function. Further investigation of surfactant alterations in COPD would improve our understanding of its physiopathology and reveal new potential therapeutic targets.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: APOE4 is Associated with Differential Regional Vulnerability to Bioenergetic Deficits in Aged APOE Mice

    Estela Area-Gomez / Delfina Larrea / Marta Pera / Rishi R. Agrawal / David N. Guilfoyle / Leila Pirhaji / Kathleen Shannon / Hirra A. Arain / Archana Ashok / Qiuying Chen / Allissa A. Dillman / Helen Y. Figueroa / Mark R. Cookson / Steven S. Gross / Ernest Fraenkel / Karen E. Duff / Tal Nuriel

    Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 20

    Abstract: Abstract The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the dominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the reason for the association between APOE4 and AD remains unclear. While much of the research has focused on the ... ...

    Abstract Abstract The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the dominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the reason for the association between APOE4 and AD remains unclear. While much of the research has focused on the ability of the apoE4 protein to increase the aggregation and decrease the clearance of Aβ, there is also an abundance of data showing that APOE4 negatively impacts many additional processes in the brain, including bioenergetics. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of APOE4′s role in AD pathogenesis, we performed a transcriptomics analysis of APOE4 vs. APOE3 expression in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and primary visual cortex (PVC) of aged APOE mice. This study revealed EC-specific upregulation of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Follow-up analysis utilizing the Seahorse platform showed decreased mitochondrial respiration with age in the hippocampus and cortex of APOE4 vs. APOE3 mice, but not in the EC of these mice. Additional studies, as well as the original transcriptomics data, suggest that multiple bioenergetic pathways are differentially regulated by APOE4 expression in the EC of aged APOE mice in order to increase the mitochondrial coupling efficiency in this region. Given the importance of the EC as one of the first regions to be affected by AD pathology in humans, the observation that the EC is susceptible to differential bioenergetic regulation in response to a metabolic stressor such as APOE4 may point to a causative factor in the pathogenesis of AD.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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