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  1. Article ; Online: The Anterolateral Barrel Subfield Differs from the Posteromedial Barrel Subfield in the Morphology and Cell Density of Parvalbumin-Positive GABAergic Interneurons.

    Shigematsu, Naoki / Miyamoto, Yuta / Esumi, Shigeyuki / Fukuda, Takaichi

    eNeuro

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: Layer 4 of the rodent somatosensory cortex has unitary structures called barrels that receive tactile information from individual vibrissae. Barrels in the anterolateral barrel subfield (ALBSF) are much smaller and have gained less attention than larger ... ...

    Abstract Layer 4 of the rodent somatosensory cortex has unitary structures called barrels that receive tactile information from individual vibrissae. Barrels in the anterolateral barrel subfield (ALBSF) are much smaller and have gained less attention than larger barrels in the posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF), though the former outnumber the latter. We compared the morphological features of barrels between the ALBSF and PMBSF in male mice using deformation-free tangential sections and confocal optical slice-based, precise reconstructions of barrels. The average volume of a single barrel in the ALBSF was 34.7% of that in the PMBSF, but the numerical density of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons in the former was 1.49 times higher than that in the latter. Moreover, PV neuron density in septa was 2.08 times higher in the ALBSF than that in the PMBSF. The proportions of PV neuron number to both all neuron number and all GABAergic neuron number in the ALBSF were also higher than those in the PMBSF. Somata of PV neurons in barrels and septa in the ALBSF received 1.64 and 1.50 times more vesicular glutamate transporter Type 2-labeled boutons than those in the PMBSF, suggesting more potent feedforward inhibitory circuits in the ALBSF. The mode of connectivity through dendritic gap junctions among PV neurons also differed between the ALBSF and PMBSF. Clusters of smaller unitary structures containing a higher density of representative GABAergic interneurons with differential morphological features in the ALBSF suggest a division of functional roles in the two vibrissa-barrel systems, as has been demonstrated by behavioral studies.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Male ; Parvalbumins ; Interneurons ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Vibrissae ; GABAergic Neurons ; Cell Count
    Chemical Substances Parvalbumins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2800598-3
    ISSN 2373-2822 ; 2373-2822
    ISSN (online) 2373-2822
    ISSN 2373-2822
    DOI 10.1523/ENEURO.0518-22.2024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Analysis of the regional anatomy of the retro-oesophageal right subclavian artery and surrounding structures.

    Esumi, Shigeyuki / Kumagai, Yoshihiro / Koba, Yoshikazu / Fukuda, Takaichi

    Folia morphologica

    2023  Volume 83, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–52

    Abstract: Background: The retro-oesophageal right subclavian artery (RRSA) is a congenital anomalous branching of the arch of the aorta. Because its incidence is very low, it has not been fully understood how the RRSA develops during embryogenesis, and thus ... ...

    Abstract Background: The retro-oesophageal right subclavian artery (RRSA) is a congenital anomalous branching of the arch of the aorta. Because its incidence is very low, it has not been fully understood how the RRSA develops during embryogenesis, and thus accumulation of observed findings in newly found cases is important to elucidate the aetiology of the RRSA.
    Materials and methods: We encountered a case of the RRSA during the course of gross anatomy dissection for medical students.
    Results: The main findings in the present observations are that (a) the RRSA arose from the right side wall of the arch of the aorta as its last branch; (b) the detected RRSA was directed to the right and upward between the oesophagus and vertebral column; (c) the right vertebral artery branched from the RRSA and entered the sixth cervical foramen transversarium; (d) the suprema intercostal artery branched from the costocervical trunk on both sides and its distal branches were distributed to the first and second intercostal spaces; and (e) both sides of bronchial arteries originated from the thoracic aorta.
    Conclusions: The present study gives further information about the morphological details of the RRSA leading to better understanding of its developmental process.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Subclavian Artery/abnormalities ; Anatomy, Regional ; Vertebral Artery/abnormalities ; Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities ; Cardiovascular Abnormalities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-10
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 419361-1
    ISSN 1644-3284 ; 0015-5659
    ISSN (online) 1644-3284
    ISSN 0015-5659
    DOI 10.5603/FM.a2023.0017
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  3. Article ; Online: Polypharmacy in Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease.

    Esumi, Satoru / Ushio, Soichiro / Zamami, Yoshito

    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

    2022  Volume 58, Issue 10

    Abstract: The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease is increasing annually. Most of these patients are older adults with comorbid physical illnesses, which means that they are often treated with a combination of medications for the disease they have and ... ...

    Abstract The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease is increasing annually. Most of these patients are older adults with comorbid physical illnesses, which means that they are often treated with a combination of medications for the disease they have and those for Alzheimer's disease. Thus, older adults with Alzheimer's disease are potentially at risk for polypharmacy. In addition, the drug interactions between Alzheimer's disease medications and those for the treatment of physical illnesses may reduce their efficacy and increase side effects. This article reviews polypharmacy and drug interactions in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease, with a focus on psychotropic drugs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Polypharmacy ; Alzheimer Disease/complications ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects ; Drug Interactions ; Comorbidity
    Chemical Substances Psychotropic Drugs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2188113-3
    ISSN 1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
    ISSN (online) 1648-9144
    ISSN 1010-660X
    DOI 10.3390/medicina58101445
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  4. Article ; Online: The Tail of the Mouse Striatum Contains a Novel Large Type of GABAergic Neuron Incorporated in a Unique Disinhibitory Pathway That Relays Auditory Signals to Subcortical Nuclei.

    Ogata, Shigeru / Miyamoto, Yuta / Shigematsu, Naoki / Esumi, Shigeyuki / Fukuda, Takaichi

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 43, Page(s) 8078–8094

    Abstract: The most caudal part of the striatum in rodents, the tail of the striatum (TS), has many features that distinguish it from the rostral striatum, such as its biased distributions of dopamine receptor subtypes, lack of striosomes and matrix ... ...

    Abstract The most caudal part of the striatum in rodents, the tail of the striatum (TS), has many features that distinguish it from the rostral striatum, such as its biased distributions of dopamine receptor subtypes, lack of striosomes and matrix compartmentalization, and involvement in sound-driven behaviors. However, information regarding the TS is still limited. We demonstrate in this article that the TS of the male mouse contains GABAergic neurons of a novel type that were detected immunohistochemically with the neurofilament marker SMI-32. Their somata were larger than cholinergic giant aspiny neurons, were located in a narrow space adjacent to the globus pallidus (GP), and extended long dendrites laterally toward the intermediate division (ID) of the trilaminar part of the TS, the region targeted by axons from the primary auditory cortex (A1). Although vesicular glutamate transporter 1-positive cortical axon terminals rarely contacted these TS large (TSL) neurons, glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive and enkephalin-immunoreactive boutons densely covered somata and dendrites of TSL neurons, forming symmetrical synapses. Analyses of GAD67-CrePR knock-in mice revealed that these axonal boutons originated from nearby medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the ID. All MSNs examined in the ID in turn received inputs from the A1. Retrograde tracers injected into the rostral zona incerta and ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus labeled somata of TSL neurons. TSL neurons share many morphological features with GP neurons, but their strategically located dendrites receive inputs from closely located MSNs in the ID, suggesting faster responses than distant GP neurons to facilitate auditory-evoked, prompt disinhibition in their targets.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; GABAergic Neurons/metabolism ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Axons/metabolism ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Cholinergic Agents
    Chemical Substances Glutamate Decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 ; Enkephalins ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Cholinergic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2236-21.2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Formation of dorsal-ventral axis of the pallium derived from mouse embryonic stem cells.

    Nasu, Makoto / Shimamura, Kenji / Esumi, Shigeyuki / Tamamaki, Nobuaki

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2020  Volume 524, Issue 1, Page(s) 117–122

    Abstract: The telencephalon is one of the most-elaborated tissues. A broad variety of cell types is produced by spatiotemporally regulated mechanisms and is involved, in different combinations, in subregional formation. The dorsal half of the telencephalon, the ... ...

    Abstract The telencephalon is one of the most-elaborated tissues. A broad variety of cell types is produced by spatiotemporally regulated mechanisms and is involved, in different combinations, in subregional formation. The dorsal half of the telencephalon, the pallium or cerebral cortex, is subdivided along the dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis into the medial, dorsal, lateral, and ventral pallium (MP, DP, LP and VP, respectively). An in vitro differentiation system has been achieved using mouse embryonic stem cells, and major telencephalic neurons can be obtained in this way; however, in using the in vitro differentiation system, many telencephalic neuron subtypes remain undifferentiated, although some of them are related to neuronal diseases. In the current study, we found that inhibiting the TGFbeta signal was efficient for neural induction. A continuous arrangement of Emx1+/Pax6-, Emx1+/Pax6+, and Emx1-/Pax6+ cells was achieved in Foxg1+ neuroepithelia, corresponding approximately to cortical progenitors derived from MP, DP/LP, and VP, respectively. A small portion of Dbx1+ cells resided in the VP fraction. These findings suggested that the D-V axis of the pallium was recapitulated in the in vitro-derived pallium.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/pharmacokinetics ; Mice ; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; PAX6 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Telencephalon/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Dbx1 protein, mouse ; Homeodomain Proteins ; PAX6 Transcription Factor ; Pax6 protein, mouse ; Transcription Factors ; empty spiracles homeobox proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.070
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  6. Article ; Online: Sequential pattern of sublayer formation in the paleocortex and neocortex.

    Nasu, Makoto / Shimamura, Kenji / Esumi, Shigeyuki / Tamamaki, Nobuaki

    Medical molecular morphology

    2020  Volume 53, Issue 3, Page(s) 168–176

    Abstract: The piriform cortex (paleocortex) is the olfactory cortex or the primary cortex for the sense of smell. It receives the olfactory input from the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb and is involved in the processing of information pertaining to ... ...

    Abstract The piriform cortex (paleocortex) is the olfactory cortex or the primary cortex for the sense of smell. It receives the olfactory input from the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb and is involved in the processing of information pertaining to odors. The piriform cortex and the adjoining neocortex have different cytoarchitectures; while the former has a three-layered structure, the latter has a six-layered structure. The regulatory mechanisms underlying the building of the six-layered neocortex are well established; in contrast, less is known about of the regulatory mechanisms responsible for structure formation of the piriform cortex. The differences as well as similarities in the regulatory mechanisms between the neocortex and the piriform cortex remain unclear. Here, the expression of neocortical layer-specific genes in the piriform cortex was examined. Two sublayers were found to be distinguished in layer II of the piriform cortex using Ctip2/Bcl11b and Brn1/Pou3f3. The sequential expression pattern of Ctip2 and Brn1 in the piriform cortex was similar to that detected in the neocortex, although the laminar arrangement in the piriform cortex exhibited an outside-in arrangement, unlike that observed in the neocortex.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology ; Neocortex/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; POU Domain Factors/metabolism ; Piriform Cortex/anatomy & histology ; Piriform Cortex/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bcl11b protein, mouse ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; POU Domain Factors ; Repressor Proteins ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Pou3f3 protein, mouse (147258-10-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-30
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2190059-0
    ISSN 1860-1499 ; 1860-1480
    ISSN (online) 1860-1499
    ISSN 1860-1480
    DOI 10.1007/s00795-020-00245-7
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  7. Article: Two-Phase Lineage Specification of Telencephalon Progenitors Generated From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

    Nasu, Makoto / Esumi, Shigeyuki / Hatakeyama, Jun / Tamamaki, Nobuaki / Shimamura, Kenji

    Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) 632381

    Abstract: Proper brain development requires precisely controlled phases of stem cell proliferation, lineage specification, differentiation, and migration. Lineage specification depends partly on concentration gradients of chemical cues called morphogens. However, ... ...

    Abstract Proper brain development requires precisely controlled phases of stem cell proliferation, lineage specification, differentiation, and migration. Lineage specification depends partly on concentration gradients of chemical cues called morphogens. However, the rostral brain (telencephalon) expands prominently during embryonic development, dynamically altering local morphogen concentrations, and telencephalic subregional properties develop with a time lag. Here, we investigated how progenitor specification occurs under these spatiotemporally changing conditions using a three-dimensional
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737824-X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    DOI 10.3389/fcell.2021.632381
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  8. Article: Retrospective Cohort Study of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Cefozopran for Treating Febrile Neutropenia during Chemotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer.

    Higashionna, Tsukasa / Ushio, Soichiro / Esumi, Satoru / Murakawa, Kiminaka / Kitamura, Yoshihisa / Sendo, Toshiaki

    Acta medica Okayama

    2022  Volume 76, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–172

    Abstract: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious side effect in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy and frequently proves fatal. Since infection control is crucial in the management of FN, the antimicrobial agent cefozopran (CZOP) has been recommended but not ... ...

    Abstract Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious side effect in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy and frequently proves fatal. Since infection control is crucial in the management of FN, the antimicrobial agent cefozopran (CZOP) has been recommended but not approved for routine use in clinical care of FN in Japan. However, few studies of CZOP in the management of FN have used a thrice daily dose schedule. The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of CZOP at a dose of 1 g three times daily to those of cefepime (CFPM) in the treatment of FN in our lung cancer patients. The response rates of the CZOP and CFPM groups were 89.5% (17/19 cases) and 83.0% (39/47 cases), respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. The median duration of antimicrobial treatment was 6 days (4-10 days) in the CZOP group and 7 days (3-13 days) in the CFPM group, with no significant difference between groups. The incidence rates of adverse events were 21.1% (4/19 cases) in the CZOP group and 19.1% (9/47 cases) in the CFPM group. No adverse events of Grade 3 or higher were observed in either group. The findings of the present study suggest that CZOP administration at a dose of 1 g three times per day as an antimicrobial treatment alternative against FN.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Cefepime/adverse effects ; Cephalosporins/adverse effects ; Febrile Neutropenia/chemically induced ; Febrile Neutropenia/drug therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Cefozopran
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins ; Cefepime (807PW4VQE3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-11
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188415-3
    ISSN 0386-300X ; 0001-6152
    ISSN 0386-300X ; 0001-6152
    DOI 10.18926/AMO/63410
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Long-term outcomes of delayed clozapine initiation in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

    Hatano, Masakazu / Kamei, Hiroyuki / Takeuchi, Ippei / Gomi, Kazuhiko / Sakakibara, Takashi / Hotta, Shogo / Esumi, Satoru / Tsubouchi, Kiyotaka / Shimizu, Yoshihito / Yamada, Shigeki

    BMC psychiatry

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 673

    Abstract: Background: Clozapine is the only antipsychotic medication with proven efficacy against treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of a delay in clozapine initiation on long-term outcomes.! ...

    Abstract Background: Clozapine is the only antipsychotic medication with proven efficacy against treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of a delay in clozapine initiation on long-term outcomes.
    Methods: Patients who initiated clozapine treatment between July 2009 and December 2018 were included in this study. According to the length of time from the diagnosis of schizophrenia to clozapine initiation, the patients were categorized into one of three groups: early (≤ 9 years), intermediate (10-19 years), and late (≥ 20 years) initiation. The endpoints were psychiatric rehospitalization and all-cause clozapine discontinuation within 3 years. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the Fine and Gray method or the Cox proportional hazards model.
    Results: The incidence rates of rehospitalization within three years, according to the cumulative incidence function, were 32.3% for early, 29.7% for intermediate, and 62.2% for late initiation, respectively. Late initiation had a significantly higher risk of psychiatric rehospitalization than early initiation (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.01- 8.55; P = 0.016 by the Gray's test). The risk of psychiatric rehospitalization was not significantly different between the early and intermediate initiation groups. The incidence rate of all-cause clozapine discontinuation within three years using the Kaplan-Meier method was 13.0% for early, 10.6% for intermediate, and 20.1% for late initiation. The risk of all-cause clozapine discontinuation was not significantly among the groups. The late initiation group had more patients discontinuing because of death due to physical diseases than the other groups.
    Conclusions: The study suggests that clozapine should be initiated promptly in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia to prevent psychiatric rehospitalization during long-term treatment. Further prospective studies with appropriate consideration of confounding factors and large sample sizes are needed to strengthen the evidence.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Clozapine/therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Clozapine (J60AR2IKIC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050438-X
    ISSN 1471-244X ; 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    ISSN 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-023-05176-y
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  10. Article: Physical Activity Estimated by the Wearable Device in Lung Disease Patients: Exploratory Analyses of Prospective Observational Study.

    Ito, Kentaro / Esumi, Maki / Esumi, Seiya / Suzuki, Yuta / Sakaguchi, Tadashi / Fujiwara, Kentaro / Nishii, Yoichi / Yasui, Hiroki / Taguchi, Osamu / Hataji, Osamu

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 13

    Abstract: Background. ...

    Abstract Background.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12134424
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