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Article ; Online: Lactobacillus fermentum

Esvaran, Meera / Conway, Patricia L

2019 Volume 11, Issue 4

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Lactobacillus
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced ; Arthritis, Experimental/therapy ; Collagen Type II/toxicity ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Joints/drug effects ; Joints/pathology ; Lactobacillus fermentum/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Probiotics/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Collagen Type II
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11040785
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Article: <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> PC1 has the Capacity to Attenuate Joint Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis in DBA/1 Mice

Esvaran, Meera / Conway, Patricia L

Nutrients. 2019 Apr. 05, v. 11, no. 4

2019

Abstract: Lactobacillus strains have shown efficacy in attenuating inflammation. This study evaluated the potential of Lactobacillus fermentum PC1 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. On Day 1, healthy ... ...

Abstract	Lactobacillus strains have shown efficacy in attenuating inflammation. This study evaluated the potential of Lactobacillus fermentum PC1 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. On Day 1, healthy DBA/1 mice (six to eight weeks of age) were immunized, with 100 μg of Chicken Type 11 collagen emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) by intradermal injection, at the base of the tail. On Day 21, the mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 100 μg of Bovine Type11 collagen in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). On Day 28, the mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 50 μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Viable L. fermentum PC1 (1 × 109 colony forming units) was given daily from Day two until the end of the experiment. From Day 21 onwards, the mice were monitored daily for clinical signs of arthritis. On Day 44, the experiment was terminated. Paws were obtained for histology and serum for cytokine assays. L. fermentum PC1-fed mice had significantly reduced paw inflammation as well as decreased synovial infiltration and less cartilage damage. Circulating serum cytokine profiles revealed decreased IL-12 and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-4 and IL-10. Thus, early administration of L. fermentum PC1 could prove to be a valuable therapeutic agent in the management of RA.
Keywords	Lactobacillus fermentum ; adjuvants ; animal models ; blood serum ; cartilage ; cattle ; chickens ; collagen ; histology ; inflammation ; interleukin-10 ; interleukin-12 ; interleukin-4 ; lipopolysaccharides ; mice ; phosphates ; rheumatoid arthritis ; signs and symptoms (animals and humans) ; tail ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0405
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11040785
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Lactobacilli can attenuate inflammation in mouse macrophages exposed to polyethylene particles in vitro.

Esvaran, Meera / Conway, Patricia L

BMC research notes

2018 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 567

Abstract: Objective: It is well established that polyethylene (PE) wear particles induce macrophage production of cytokines and mediators associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory osteolysis. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: It is well established that polyethylene (PE) wear particles induce macrophage production of cytokines and mediators associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory osteolysis. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of three Lactobacillus strains to attenuate the TNF-α cytokine response of macrophages exposed to Ceridust 3615 PE particles. An in vitro experimental model using the RAW 246.7 macrophage cell line and PE particles was utilized. Results: Lactobacillus strains were found to modulate the cytokines in a strain and dose specific manner. Only the Lactobacillus acidophilus strain that was tested was able to attenuate PE particle-induced TNF-α production by RAW 246.7 macrophages. This effect was independent of IL-10 cytokine levels since all three strains of lactobacilli yielded comparable levels of IL-10. It was concluded that some, but not all, Lactobacillus strains may be useful in reducing the risk of inflammatory osteolysis and that further studies in appropriate in vivo models are warranted. Furthermore, this in vitro model can be used to evaluate the inflammatory potential of new materials being tested for use as joint implants.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cytokines ; Inflammation ; Lactobacillus ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Mice ; Osteolysis ; Polyethylene/toxicity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Polyethylene (9002-88-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2413336-X
ISSN	1756-0500 ; 1756-0500
ISSN (online)	1756-0500
ISSN	1756-0500
DOI	10.1186/s13104-018-3676-z
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Article: Factors that Influence the Immunological Adjuvant Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum PC1 on Specific Immune Responses in Mice to Orally Administered Antigens.

Esvaran, Meera / Conway, Patricia L

Vaccines

2016 Volume 4, Issue 3

Abstract: This study examined the influences of the dosage of the adjuvant, the nature of the antigen and the host genetics on the capacity of L. fermentum PC1 (PC1) to function as an oral adjuvant. BALB/c and DBA/1 mice were vaccinated with either ovalbumin (OVA) ...

Abstract	This study examined the influences of the dosage of the adjuvant, the nature of the antigen and the host genetics on the capacity of L. fermentum PC1 (PC1) to function as an oral adjuvant. BALB/c and DBA/1 mice were vaccinated with either ovalbumin (OVA) or Salmonella Typhimurium on days 0 and 14, Mice were also dosed with the PC1 (10⁸ CFU or 10(11) CFU per dose per mouse) with the antigens (days 0 and 14) and alone (days -1 and 13). The higher PC1 dose elicited a greater specific serum IgG2a response than IgG1 for both antigens and mice strains, indicating a Th1-biased humoral immune response. The Th1 bias was also observed at the cellular level with greater specific IFN-γ levels than IL-4 and IL-10 with both antigen types and mouse strains. With the particulate antigen, the lower dose of PC1 elicited a Th1 bias at the cellular level, but a balanced Th1/Th2 response at the systemic humoral level. With the soluble antigen, a strong Th1-biased response occurred at the cellular level while the systemic humoral response was Th2-biased. In conclusion, PC1 at the higher dose was an excellent Th1 adjuvant, which was unaffected by the nature of the antigen or the host's genetic background.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines4030024
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Article ; Online: Probiotic supplementation in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Rao, Shripada / Esvaran, Meera / Chen, Liwei / Keil, Anthony D / Gollow, Ian / Simmer, Karen / Wemheuer, Bernd / Conway, Patricia / Patole, Sanjay

Pediatric research

2022 Volume 92, Issue 4, Page(s) 1122–1131

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate whether probiotic supplementation attenuates gut-dysbiosis in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISC).: Methods: Sixty-one neonates (≥35 weeks gestation) with CGISC were randomised to receive daily ...

Abstract	Objective: To evaluate whether probiotic supplementation attenuates gut-dysbiosis in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISC). Methods: Sixty-one neonates (≥35 weeks gestation) with CGISC were randomised to receive daily supplementation with a triple-strain bifidobacterial probiotic (n = 30) or placebo (n = 31) until discharge. Stool microbiota was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing on samples collected before (T1), 1 week (T2), and 2 weeks (T3) after supplementation and before discharge (T4). The primary outcome was the sum of the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic families of Clostridiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Pseudomonaceae, Staphylococcaeae, Streptococcaceae, and Yersiniaceae at T3. Results: The median gestational age [38 weeks (IQR: 37.1-38.9)] was similar in both groups. The probiotic group had lower rates of caesarean deliveries (40% versus 70%, p = 0.02). The relative abundance of potentially pathogenic families was lower in the probiotic group compared to placebo at T3 [(median: 50.4 (IQR: 26.6-67.6) versus 67.1 (IQR: 50.9-96.2); p = 0.04). Relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was higher in the probiotic group at T3 [(median: 39.8 (IQR: 24.9-52.1) versus 0.03 (IQR 0.02-2.1); p < 0.001). Stratified analysis continued to show a higher abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae in the probiotic group, irrespective of the mode of delivery. Conclusions: Probiotic supplementation attenuated gut dysbiosis in neonates with CGISC. Trial registration: http://www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12617001401347). Impact: Probiotic supplementation attenuates gut dysbiosis and improves stool short-chain fatty acid levels in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions. This is the second pilot RCT of probiotic supplementation in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal conditions. These findings will pave the way for conducting multicentre RCTs in this area.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Dysbiosis ; Pilot Projects ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Bifidobacterium ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; Gastrointestinal Diseases
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Volatile
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-021-01884-x
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Article: Effect of single versus multistrain probiotic in extremely preterm infants: a randomised trial.

Athalye-Jape, Gayatri / Esvaran, Meera / Patole, Sanjay / Simmer, Karen / Nathan, Elizabeth / Doherty, Dorota / Keil, Anthony / Rao, Shripada / Chen, Liwei / Chandrasekaran, Lakshmi / Kok, Chooi / Schuster, Stephan / Conway, Patricia

BMJ open gastroenterology

2022 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: Objective: Evidence indicates that multistrain probiotics benefit preterm infants more than single-strain (SS) probiotics. We assessed the effects of SS versus triple-strain (TS) probiotic supplementation (PS) in extremely preterm (EP) infants.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Evidence indicates that multistrain probiotics benefit preterm infants more than single-strain (SS) probiotics. We assessed the effects of SS versus triple-strain (TS) probiotic supplementation (PS) in extremely preterm (EP) infants. Design: EP infants (gestational age (GA) <28 weeks) were randomly allocated to TS or SS probiotic, assuring blinding. Reference (REF) group was EP infants in the placebo arm of our previous probiotic trial. PS was commenced with feeds and continued until 37 weeks' corrected GA. Primary outcome was time to full feed (TFF: 150 mL/kg/day). Secondary outcomes included short-chain fatty acids and faecal microbiota collected at T1 (first week) and T2 (after 3 weeks of PS) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: 173 EP (SS: 86, TS: 87) neonates with similar GA and birth weight (BW) were randomised. Median TFF was comparable (11 (IQR 8-16) vs 10 (IQR 8-16) days, p=0.92). Faecal propionate (SS, p<0.001, and TS, p=0.0009) and butyrate levels (TS, p=0.029) were significantly raised in T2 versus T1 samples. Secondary clinical outcomes were comparable. At T2, alpha diversity was comparable (p>0.05) between groups, whereas beta-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between PS and REF groups (both p=0.001). Actinobacteria were higher (both p<0.01), and Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were lower in PS versus REF. Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Negativicutes were lower in both PS versus REF. Conclusion: TFF in EP infants was similar between SS and TS probiotics. Both probiotics were effective in reducing dysbiosis (higher bifidobacteria and lower Gammaproteobacteria). Long-term significance of increased propionate and butyrate needs further studies. Trial registration number: ACTRN 12615000940572.
MeSH term(s)	Bifidobacterium ; Butyrates ; Firmicutes ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Propionates
Chemical Substances	Butyrates ; Propionates
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2054-4774
ISSN	2054-4774
DOI	10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000811
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Article ; Online: Probiotic supplementation for neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions: guidelines for future research.

Rao, Shripada / Esvaran, Meera / Chen, Liwei / Kok, Chooi / Keil, Anthony D / Gollow, Ian / Simmer, Karen / Wemheuer, Bernd / Conway, Patricia / Patole, Sanjay

Pediatric research

2022 Volume 93, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–55

Abstract: Our pilot RCT found that probiotic supplementation with the three-strain bifidobacterial product (B. breve M-16V, B. longum subsp. infantis M-63 and B. longum subsp. longum BB536) attenuates gut dysbiosis, increases stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) ... ...

Abstract	Our pilot RCT found that probiotic supplementation with the three-strain bifidobacterial product (B. breve M-16V, B. longum subsp. infantis M-63 and B. longum subsp. longum BB536) attenuates gut dysbiosis, increases stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and improves the growth of head circumference in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISC). In this article, we have provided guidelines for designing future multicentre RCTs based on the experience gained from our pilot RCT. The recommendations include advice about sample size, potential confounders, outcomes of interest, probiotic strain selection, storage, dose, duration and microbial quality assurance, collection of stool samples, storage and analysis and reporting. Following these guidelines will increase the validity of future RCTs in this area and hence confidence in their results. IMPACT: Probiotic supplementation attenuates gut dysbiosis, increases stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and improves the growth of head circumference in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions. The current review provides evidence-based guidelines to conduct adequately powered RCTs in this field.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Dysbiosis ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Bifidobacterium ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-022-02087-8
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Article ; Online: Gut microbiota in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions: a prospective study.

Rao, Shripada C / Esvaran, Meera / Patole, Sanjay K / Simmer, Karen N / Gollow, Ian / Keil, Anthony / Wemheuer, Bernd / Chen, Liwei / Conway, Patricia L

Pediatric research

2020 Volume 88, Issue 6, Page(s) 878–886

Abstract: Background: There is limited information on gut microbiota of neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISCs) available.: Methods: This study compared stool microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of 37 term infants with ...

Abstract	Background: There is limited information on gut microbiota of neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISCs) available. Methods: This study compared stool microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of 37 term infants with CGISCs with 36 term healthy infants (HIs). Two stool samples were collected from each infant: as soon as possible after birth (week 1) and 10-14 days of life (week 2). Results: Bacterial richness and alpha diversity were comparable between CGISCs and HIs at week 1 and week 2 (all p > 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed that at week 1, CGISCs had similar community structures to HIs (p = 0.415). However, by week 2, community structures of CGISCs were significantly different from HIs (p = 0.003). At week 1, there were no significant differences in the relative abundances of genera Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides between CGISCs and HIs. At week 2, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly lower in CGISCs (mean percentage 7.21 ± 13.49 vs. 28.96 ± 19.6; p = 0.002). Bacteroides were also less abundant in the CGISC group (mean percentage 0.12 ± 0.49 vs. 6.59 ± 8.62; p = 0.039). Relative abundance of genera Pseudomonas and Escherichia-Shigella were higher in CGISCs. At week 2, stool concentrations of all SCFAs were lower in CGISCs (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: During hospitalization, neonates with CGISCs develop gut dysbiosis and deficiency of SCFAs. Impact: During hospitalisation, neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions develop gut dysbiosis with deficiency of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides and increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Pseudomonas. They also have low levels of short chain fatty acids in their stools compared to healthy infants. This is the first study evaluating the gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing methods and stool short chain fatty acids in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions and comparing them to healthy infants. The findings of this study will pave the way for randomised trials of bifidobacterial supplementation in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteroides ; Bifidobacterium ; Calibration ; Escherichia coli ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/congenital ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Linear Models ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prospective Studies ; Pseudomonas ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Risk Factors ; Shigella ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Volatile ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-020-0824-7
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Article ; Online: Effect of Bifidobacterium breve M-16V supplementation on faecal bifidobacteria in growth restricted very preterm infants - analysis from a randomised trial.

Patole, Sanjay K / Keil, Anthony D / Nathan, Elizabeth / Doherty, Dorota / Esvaran, Meera / Simmer, Karen N / Conway, Patricia

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

2016 Volume 29, Issue 23, Page(s) 3751–3755

Abstract: Background: Gut development, function and colonisation are impaired in animal models of prematurity with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The effect of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) supplementation on faecal bifidobacteria in small for ... ...

Abstract	Background: Gut development, function and colonisation are impaired in animal models of prematurity with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The effect of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) supplementation on faecal bifidobacteria in small for gestational age (SGA: birth weight <10th centile due to IUGR) preterm infants is not known. Objective: We compared B. breve M-16V supplementation effect on faecal bifidobacteria in preterm (<33 weeks) SGA versus non-SGA infants in the two arms of our randomised controlled trial. Results: There were no baseline differences in the proportion of detectable B. breve counts between SGA versus non-SGA infants [probiotic: 7 (33%) versus 22 (42%), p = 0.603; placebo: 1 (6%) versus 1 (2%), p = 0.429]. B. breve counts did not differ between SGA and non-SGA infants in response to treatment (p = 0.589), after adjusting for baseline count (p < 0.001) and treatment allocation (p < 0.001). An interaction term between growth status and treatment showed negligible change (p = 0.938). Probiotic treated SGA infants reached full feeds earlier than SGA controls (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.05-3.82, p = 0.035): Median (IQR): 16 (12-26) versus 19 (11-25) days, after adjustment for age at starting feeds and gestation <28 weeks. Conclusion: Response to B. breve M-16V supplementation was not significantly different in preterm (<33 weeks) SGA versus non-SGA infants.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Load ; Bifidobacterium breve ; Double-Blind Method ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/microbiology ; Fetal Growth Retardation/therapy ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/microbiology ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy ; Male ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Statistics, Nonparametric
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2077261-0
ISSN	1476-4954 ; 1057-0802 ; 1476-7058
ISSN (online)	1476-4954
ISSN	1057-0802 ; 1476-7058
DOI	10.3109/14767058.2016.1147554
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Article ; Online: The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs.

Field, Matt A / Yadav, Sonu / Dudchenko, Olga / Esvaran, Meera / Rosen, Benjamin D / Skvortsova, Ksenia / Edwards, Richard J / Keilwagen, Jens / Cochran, Blake J / Manandhar, Bikash / Bustamante, Sonia / Rasmussen, Jacob Agerbo / Melvin, Richard G / Chernoff, Barry / Omer, Arina / Colaric, Zane / Chan, Eva K F / Minoche, Andre E / Smith, Timothy P L /

Gilbert, M Thomas P / Bogdanovic, Ozren / Zammit, Robert A / Thomas, Torsten / Aiden, Erez L / Ballard, J William O

Science advances

2022 Volume 8, Issue 16, Page(s) eabm5944

Abstract: Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a ... ...

Abstract	Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a high-quality de novo assembly of a pure dingo (CanFam_DDS). We identified large chromosomal differences relative to the current dog reference (CanFam3.1) and confirmed no expanded pancreatic amylase gene as found in breed dogs. Phylogenetic analyses using variant pairwise matrices show that the dingo is distinct from five breed dogs with 100% bootstrap support when using Greenland wolf as the outgroup. Functionally, we observe differences in methylation patterns between the dingo and German shepherd dog genomes and differences in serum biochemistry and microbiome makeup. Our results suggest that distinct demographic and environmental conditions have shaped the dingo genome. In contrast, artificial human selection has likely shaped the genomes of domestic breed dogs after divergence from the dingo.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Australia ; Breeding ; Canidae/genetics ; Dogs ; Phylogeny ; Wolves/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.abm5944
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