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Article ; Online: Maternity Care Deserts in Louisiana and Breastfeeding Initiation.

Haley, Chanell O / King, Lily E / Dyer, Lauren / Evans, Melissa G / Theall, Katherine P / Wallace, Maeve

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

2024

Abstract: Background: Breastfeeding provides physical, psychological, and immunological benefits to both the mother and infant, but breastfeeding rates are suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to examine whether residing in a maternity care desert (a county ... ...

Abstract	Background: Breastfeeding provides physical, psychological, and immunological benefits to both the mother and infant, but breastfeeding rates are suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to examine whether residing in a maternity care desert (a county with no hospital offering obstetric care and no OB/GYN or certified nurse midwife providers) was associated with lower breastfeeding rates among birthing people in Louisiana from 2019 to 2020. Methods: Data provided by the March of Dimes were used to classify Louisiana parishes by level of access to maternity care. Using data on all live births provided by the Louisiana Office of Vital Records (n = 112,151), we fit adjusted modified Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations and exploratory geospatial analysis to examine the association between place of residence and breastfeeding initiation and racial disparities in initiation. We conducted a secondary within-group analysis by fitting the fully adjusted model stratified by race/ethnicity for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Black birthing people. Results: We found that residing in a parish with limited (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.77, 0.99]) to no access (OR = 0.88; 95% CI [0.80, 0.97]) was significantly associated with lower breastfeeding initiation rates. The within-group analysis determined that both non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic white birthing people residing in a parish with limited or no maternity care access had lower breastfeeding initiation rates. Conclusion: Reducing rural and racial inequities in breastfeeding may require structural changes and investments in infrastructure to deliver pregnancy care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1085396-0
ISSN	1878-4321 ; 1049-3867
ISSN (online)	1878-4321
ISSN	1049-3867
DOI	10.1016/j.whi.2023.11.010
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Article ; Online: A review of trauma laparotomy at Christchurch Hospital.

Kandelaki, Tengo / Evans, Melissa / Wakeman, Christopher J / McCombie, Andrew

The New Zealand medical journal

2023 Volume 136, Issue 1574, Page(s) 53–64

Abstract: Aim: Trauma is one of the leading causes for years of life lost in New Zealand. Its costs to acute care services alone amount to hundreds of millions per year, and it is the main contributor to years of life lost in patients under 40. Since 2016, the ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Trauma is one of the leading causes for years of life lost in New Zealand. Its costs to acute care services alone amount to hundreds of millions per year, and it is the main contributor to years of life lost in patients under 40. Since 2016, the Canterbury Trauma Registry has been actively collecting data on all major traumas presenting to Christchurch hospital. This study will aim to define the demographics of trauma laparotomy patients presenting to Christchurch Hospital, and to assess the relationship between missed injuries (MI) on computed tomography (CT) imaging and time to theatre. Methods: A retrospective study of trauma patient from June 2016 to February 2019. Data for major trauma patients were supplied from the Canterbury Trauma Registry. Data for minor trauma patients were individually selected from the online operative procedures registry. Non-parametric analysis was undertaken with an independent sample Kruskal-Wallis test alongside pairwise comparisons. Results: Sixty trauma laparotomies were performed over 36 months, predominantly male gender (43/60) and under 40 years of age (39/60). Motor vehicle accident (31/60) and knife injuries (10/60) were the most common mechanisms. Fourty-three out of sixty patients received pre-operative CT scans. Fourty out of sixty patients received a CT scan within 2 hours. Large bowel injuries (four cases) and small bowel (three cases) were the most common missed injuries on pre-operative CT. Small bowel injuries are the predominate injury in blunt trauma while diaphragm and liver injuries predominated in penetrating trauma. Four patients did not undergo laparotomy within 24 hours. There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in time to operating theatre between patients with no pre-operative CT and patients with no MI on CT and patients with MI on CT. There is no statistically significant difference (p<0.231) in time to operating theatre in patients with no MI on CT and patients with MI on CT. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in time to operation between trauma laparotomy patients with no MI on pre-operative CT to patients with MI on pre-operative CT. There are recognisable injury patterns in trauma patients. There are delays in trauma patients receiving prompt CT imaging. CT imaging can miss life-threatening injury, close patient observation and further examination, and imaging or operative therapy may be required even if initial imaging is reassuring.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Laparotomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Abdominal Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Abdominal Injuries/surgery ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; Hospitals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390590-1
ISSN	1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
ISSN	0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
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Article ; Online: Keto-Bezoar: Adverse Event Related to Initiation of Ketogenic Diet in an Infant.

Stegall, Cassandra / Evans, Melissa C / Hollinger, Laura E / Walz, Alice A

JPGN reports

2022 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) e179

Abstract: The ketogenic diet is frequently used as part of the treatment regimen for pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. This diet is generally well tolerated, with constipation being the most described side effect. This case highlights a previously ... ...

Abstract	The ketogenic diet is frequently used as part of the treatment regimen for pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. This diet is generally well tolerated, with constipation being the most described side effect. This case highlights a previously undocumented severe complication of a "keto-bezoar" formation related to the initiation of the ketogenic diet in a young infant.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2691-171X
ISSN (online)	2691-171X
DOI	10.1097/PG9.0000000000000179
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Article: Multilevel Barriers to Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Uptake: A Narrative Review.

Goldin Evans, Melissa / Gee, Rebekah E / Phillippi, Stephen / Sothern, Melinda / Theall, Katherine P / Wightkin, Joan

Health promotion practice

2023 , Page(s) 15248399231211531

Abstract: Unintended pregnancies, which occur in almost half (45%) of all pregnancies in the United States, are associated with adverse health and social outcomes for the infant and the mother. The risk of unintended pregnancies is significantly reduced when women ...

Abstract	Unintended pregnancies, which occur in almost half (45%) of all pregnancies in the United States, are associated with adverse health and social outcomes for the infant and the mother. The risk of unintended pregnancies is significantly reduced when women use long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), namely intrauterine devices and implants. Although LARCs are highly acceptable to women at risk of unintended pregnancies, barriers to accessing LARCs hinder its uptake. These barriers are greater among racial and socioeconomic lines and persist within and across the intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and policy levels. A synthesis of these barriers is unavailable in the current literature but would be beneficial to health care providers of reproductive-aged women, clinical managers, and policymakers seeking to provide equitable reproductive health care services. The aim of this narrative review was to aggregate these complex and overlapping barriers into a concise document that examines: (a) patient, provider, clinic, and policy factors associated with LARC access among populations at risk of unintended pregnancy and (b) the clinical implications of mitigating these barriers to provide equitable reproductive health care services. This review outlines numerous barriers to LARC uptake across multiple levels and demonstrates that LARC uptake is possible when the woman is informed of her contraceptive choices and when financial and clinical barriers are minimized. Equitable reproductive health care services entail unbiased counseling, a full range of contraceptive options, and patient autonomy in contraceptive choice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2036801-X
ISSN	1552-6372 ; 1524-8399
ISSN (online)	1552-6372
ISSN	1524-8399
DOI	10.1177/15248399231211531
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Article: Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: New Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic, Recurrent Infection by

Evans, Melissa D / McDowell, Susan A

Pharmaceutics

2021 Volume 13, Issue 12

Abstract: An emergent approach to bacterial infection is the use of host rather than bacterial-directed strategies. This approach has the potential to improve efficacy in especially challenging infection settings, including chronic, recurrent infection due to ... ...

Abstract	An emergent approach to bacterial infection is the use of host rather than bacterial-directed strategies. This approach has the potential to improve efficacy in especially challenging infection settings, including chronic, recurrent infection due to intracellular pathogens. For nearly two decades, the pleiotropic effects of statin drugs have been examined for therapeutic usefulness beyond the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Interest originated after retrospective studies reported decreases in the risk of death due to bacteremia or sepsis for those on a statin regimen. Although subsequent clinical trials have yielded mixed results and earlier findings have been questioned for biased study design, in vitro and in vivo studies have provided clear evidence of protective mechanisms that include immunomodulatory effects and the inhibition of host cell invasion. Ultimately, the benefits of statins in an infection setting appear to require attention to the underlying host response and to the timing of the dosage. From this examination of statin efficacy, additional novel host-directed strategies may produce adjunctive therapeutic approaches for the treatment of infection where traditional antimicrobial therapy continues to yield poor outcomes. This review focuses on the opportunistic pathogen,
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics13122047
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Article ; Online: Exploring admissions for Māori presenting with major trauma at Christchurch Hospital.

Kandelaki, Tengo / Evans, Melissa / Beard, Angela / Wakeman, Christopher

The New Zealand medical journal

2021 Volume 134, Issue 1530, Page(s) 69–75

Abstract: Injury remains one of the leading causes of years of life lost worldwide. In 2015, the New Zealand Major Trauma Registry was developed to provide a comprehen-sive data registry within New Zealand for looking at the outcomes and determinants of major ... ...

Abstract	Injury remains one of the leading causes of years of life lost worldwide. In 2015, the New Zealand Major Trauma Registry was developed to provide a comprehen-sive data registry within New Zealand for looking at the outcomes and determinants of major trauma. It has published yearly major trauma reports since its founding.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Oceanic Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries/ethnology ; Wounds and Injuries/mortality ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-19
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390590-1
ISSN	1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
ISSN	0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
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Article ; Online: Are two occupational therapists better than one? Occupational therapists' perspectives of intra-disciplinary practice within community health.

Evans, Melissa Kaye / Lane, Haylee / Hitch, Danielle Patricia / Tull, Victoria / Pepin, Genevieve

Australian occupational therapy journal

2023 Volume 70, Issue 6, Page(s) 678–689

Abstract: Introduction: Intra-disciplinary practice is rarely discussed in occupational therapy and the broader health-care literature. Community-based occupational therapists often work autonomously in clients' homes and consequently have limited access to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Intra-disciplinary practice is rarely discussed in occupational therapy and the broader health-care literature. Community-based occupational therapists often work autonomously in clients' homes and consequently have limited access to routine intra-disciplinary practices. Additionally, the community-based role covers a large scope of practice requiring comprehensive expertise. This study aimed to describe occupational therapists' perspectives on intra-disciplinary practice within community health settings. Methods: This study utilised an online cross-sectional survey design, collecting quantitative and qualitative data to explore perspectives of occupational therapists working within Australian community health services. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Both forms of data were compared and contrasted. Results/findings: Eighty occupational therapists completed the survey. Seventy-eight participants (97%) previously used or currently use intra-disciplinary practice in their workplace. Participants predominantly consult their peers when client needs are perceived as complex. Participants indicated that intra-disciplinary practice can benefit the client, therapist, and workplace. Enablers and barriers to the use of intra-disciplinary practice had overlapping themes, including access to therapists, attitudes towards intra-disciplinary practice, management support, and funding influences. Most participants expressed a desire to utilise intra-disciplinary practices (n = 70, 87%) and were also likely or extremely likely to incorporate it into their clinical work (n = 73, 91%). Participants who did not want to utilise intra-disciplinary practices or who were unsure provided reasons related to cost, practice inefficiencies, and being uncertain of the benefit. Conclusions: Occupational therapists perceive intra-disciplinary practice as beneficial for problem-solving and an opportunity for knowledge sharing that supports therapist confidence with clinical reasoning. Conversely, some therapists believe its use may lead to client confusion, a greater need for communication and coordination among therapists, and that power differentials between therapists may discourage equal collaboration. Greater understanding of intra-disciplinary practice will help guide how it is used and supported in community health settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Occupational Therapists ; Occupational Therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Public Health ; Australia
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604554-6
ISSN	1440-1630 ; 0045-0766
ISSN (online)	1440-1630
ISSN	0045-0766
DOI	10.1111/1440-1630.12897
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Article ; Online: MEMCONS: How Contemporaneous Note-Taking Shapes Memory for Conversation.

Brown-Schmidt, Sarah / Jaeger, Christopher B / Evans, Melissa J / Benjamin, Aaron S

Cognitive science

2023 Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) e13271

Abstract: Written memoranda of conversations, or memcons, provide a near-contemporaneous record of what was said in conversation, and offer important insights into the activities of high-profile individuals. We assess the impact of writing a memcon on memory for ... ...

Abstract	Written memoranda of conversations, or memcons, provide a near-contemporaneous record of what was said in conversation, and offer important insights into the activities of high-profile individuals. We assess the impact of writing a memcon on memory for conversation. Pairs of participants engaged in conversation and were asked to recall the contents of that conversation 1 week later. One participant in each pair memorialized the content of the interaction in a memcon shortly after the conversation. Participants who generated memcons recalled more details of the conversations than participants who did not, but the content of recall was equally and largely accurate for both participants. Remarkably, only 4.7% of the details of the conversation were recalled by both of the partners after a week delay. Contemporaneous note-taking appears to enhance memory for conversation by increasing the amount of information remembered but not the accuracy of that information. These findings have implications for evaluating the testimony of participants on conversations with major political or legal ramifications.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Recall ; Communication ; Writing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2002940-8
ISSN	1551-6709 ; 0364-0213
ISSN (online)	1551-6709
ISSN	0364-0213
DOI	10.1111/cogs.13271
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Article ; Online: Low but not moderate amounts of caffeine increase co-consumption of ethanol in C57BL/6J mice.

Evans, Melissa J / Jenkins, Montana D / Berry, Jennifer N

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior

2021 Volume 208, Page(s) 173221

Abstract: The increasingly popular combination of "energy drinks" containing high amounts of caffeine and alcohol has been shown to induce a stimulated, rather than sedated, state which may result in increased binge drinking and increased risk for alcohol- ... ...

Abstract	The increasingly popular combination of "energy drinks" containing high amounts of caffeine and alcohol has been shown to induce a stimulated, rather than sedated, state which may result in increased binge drinking and increased risk for alcohol-attributable accidents. We sought to examine consumption patterns of and withdrawal from alcohol and caffeine using a voluntary co-consumption animal model. Male and female adult C57BL/6J mice were given access to increasing doses of caffeine (0.01-0.05%) and/or alcohol (3-20%) in a two-bottle choice, intermittent access voluntary paradigm with fluid consumption recorded daily. Anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal was assessed via elevated plus maze or open field test in experiment 2. Increasing both alcohol and caffeine simultaneously in Experiment 1 resulted in no significant changes in co-consumption compared to mice given access to only alcohol or caffeine. Experiment 2 held caffeine concentration steady while slowly increasing alcohol content and resulted in mice consuming more alcohol when it was consumed in tandem with low dose caffeine. Both male and female mice consumed more caffeine when it was paired with alcohol; however, no significant differences were observed during withdrawal behavior. These results suggest that caffeine may dose-dependently positively influence alcohol consumption in mice and echo clinical literature suggesting that caffeine and alcohol together may result in a heightened state of stimulation and lead to further binge drinking. The intermittent access paradigm affords increased translational validity regarding investigations of alcohol and caffeine co-consumption and may be useful in identifying the neurobiological mechanisms concerning co-consumption of such substances.
MeSH term(s)	Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Animals ; Anxiety/psychology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Binge Drinking/psychology ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Elevated Plus Maze Test ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Open Field Test/drug effects ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology
Chemical Substances	Caffeine (3G6A5W338E) ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	191042-5
ISSN	1873-5177 ; 0091-3057
ISSN (online)	1873-5177
ISSN	0091-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173221
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Article: Differential effects of cotreatment of the antibiotic rifampin with host-directed therapeutics in reducing intracellular

Evans, Melissa D / Sammelson, Robert / McDowell, Susan

PeerJ

2020 Volume 8, Page(s) e10330

Abstract: Background: Chronic infection by : Objective: To determine whether cotreatment of ML141 or of simvastatin with rifampin would enhance rifampin efficacy.: Methods: Assays to assess host cell invasion, host cell viability, host cell membrane ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic infection by Objective: To determine whether cotreatment of ML141 or of simvastatin with rifampin would enhance rifampin efficacy. Methods: Assays to assess host cell invasion, host cell viability, host cell membrane permeability, and bactericidal activity were performed using the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293-A cell line infected with Results: We found cotreatment of ML141 with rifampin reduced intracellular infection nearly 85% when compared to the no treatment control. This decrease more than doubled the average 40% reduction in response to rifampin monotherapy. In contrast, cotreatment of simvastatin with rifampin failed to improve rifampin efficacy. Also, in contrast to ML141, simvastatin increased propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, from an average of 10% in control HEK 293-A cells to nearly 20% in simvastatin-treated cells, indicating an increase in host cell membrane permeability. The simvastatin-induced increase was reversed to control levels by cotreatment of simvastatin with rifampin. Conclusion: Taken together, rifampin efficacy is increased through host-directed inhibition of
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.10330
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