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Article ; Online: Text vs Patient Portal Messaging to Improve Influenza Vaccination Coverage: A Health System-Wide Randomized Clinical Trial.

Szilagyi, Peter G / Duru, O Kenrik / Casillas, Alejandra / Ong, Michael K / Vangala, Sitaram / Tseng, Chi-Hong / Albertin, Christina / Humiston, Sharon G / Clark, Emma / Ross, Mindy K / Evans, Sharon A / Sloyan, Michael / Fox, Craig R / Lerner, Carlos

JAMA internal medicine

2024 Volume 184, Issue 5, Page(s) 519–527

Abstract: Importance: Increasing influenza vaccination rates is a public health priority. One method recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and others is for health systems to send reminders nudging patients to be vaccinated.: ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Increasing influenza vaccination rates is a public health priority. One method recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and others is for health systems to send reminders nudging patients to be vaccinated. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of electronic health record (EHR)-based patient portal reminders vs text message reminders on influenza vaccination rates across a health system. Design, setting, and participants: This 3-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 7, 2022, to April 30, 2023, among primary care patients within the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) health system. Interventions: Arm 1 received standard of care. The health system sent monthly reminder messages to patients due for an influenza vaccine by portal (arm 2) or text (arm 3). Arm 2 had a 2 × 2 nested design, with fixed vs responsive monthly reminders and preappointment vs no preappointment reminders. Arm 3 had 1 × 2 design, with preappointment vs no preappointment reminders. Preappointment reminders for eligible patients were sent 24 and 48 hours before scheduled primary care visits. Fixed reminders (in October, November, and December) involved identical messages via portal or text. Responsive portal reminders involved a September message asking patients about their plans for vaccination, with a follow-up reminder if the response was affirmative but the patient was not yet vaccinated. Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was influenza vaccination by April 30, 2023, obtained from the UCLA EHR, including vaccination from pharmacies and other sources. Results: A total of 262 085 patients (mean [SD] age, 45.1 [20.7] years; 237 404 [90.6%] adults; 24 681 [9.4%] children; 149 349 [57.0%] women) in 79 primary care practices were included (87 257 in arm 1, 87 478 in arm 2, and 87 350 in arm 3). At the entire primary care population level, none of the interventions improved influenza vaccination rates. All groups had rates of approximately 47%. There was no statistical or clinically significant improvement following portal vs text, preappointment reminders vs no preappointment reminders (portal and text reminders combined), or responsive vs fixed monthly portal reminders. Conclusions and relevance: At the population level, neither portal nor text reminders for influenza vaccination were effective. Given that vaccine hesitancy may be a major reason for the lack of impact of portal or text reminders, more intensive interventions by health systems are needed to raise influenza vaccination coverage levels. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05525494.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Text Messaging ; Reminder Systems ; Male ; Patient Portals ; Female ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Aged ; Electronic Health Records ; Vaccination/methods ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2699338-7
ISSN	2168-6114 ; 2168-6106
ISSN (online)	2168-6114
ISSN	2168-6106
DOI	10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0001
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Article: Interactions between population processes in a cyclic species: parasites reduce autumn territorial behaviour of male red grouse.

Mougeot, Franccois / Evans, Sharon A / Redpath, Stephen M

Oecologia

2005 Volume 144, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–298

Abstract: The causes of population cycles fascinate and perplex ecologist. Most work have focused on single processes, whether extrinsic or intrinsic, more rarely on how different processes might interact to cause or mould the unstable population dynamics. In red ... ...

Abstract	The causes of population cycles fascinate and perplex ecologist. Most work have focused on single processes, whether extrinsic or intrinsic, more rarely on how different processes might interact to cause or mould the unstable population dynamics. In red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus), two causal mechanisms have been supported: territorial behaviour (changes in autumn aggressiveness) and parasites (parasite induced reduction in fecundity). Here, we report on how these two regulatory processes might interact, by testing whether the parasite suspected to cause the grouse cycles, the nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis, reduces male autumn territorial behaviour. We either treated males with an anthelmintic, to remove parasites (dosed or D-males), or challenged them with infective T. tenuis larvae, to increase parasite intensity (challenged or C-males). We first show that dosing was effective in removing T. tenuis parasites, while parasite intensities increased in challenged birds during the autumn. Because old males initially had more parasites than young males, the treatments generated greater differences in parasite intensity in old than in young males. We also show that various aspects of territorial behaviour (increase in testosterone-dependent comb size in autumn, territorial call rate, likelihood of winning territorial interactions and over-winter survival) were significantly higher in dosed than in challenged males, but in old birds only. Our data thus supported the hypothesis that parasites reduce male aggressiveness during the autumn territorial contests, and could thereby influence recruitment. Our results also highlight that the territorial behaviour of young males, which have fewer parasites, is not as limited by parasites as that of old, previously territorial males. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the processes regulating red grouse populations and causing their complex, unstable population dynamics.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Aggression/physiology ; Animals ; Biometry ; Galliformes/parasitology ; Galliformes/physiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Levamisole/toxicity ; Linear Models ; Male ; Observation ; Population Dynamics ; Scotland ; Sex Characteristics ; Territoriality ; Trichostrongylus/drug effects ; Trichostrongylus/physiology
Chemical Substances	Levamisole (2880D3468G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-005-0080-x
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Article: Alternative methods for estimating density in an upland game bird: the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus

Evans, Sharon A. / Redpath, Steve M. / Leckie, Fiona / Mougeot, François

Wildlife biology. 2007 June, v. 13, no. 2

2007

Abstract: For some species, reliable quantitative estimates of population size can be difficult to obtain. Density estimates of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus are usually obtained through counts using trained pointer dogs. In this paper, we examine two ... ...

Abstract	For some species, reliable quantitative estimates of population size can be difficult to obtain. Density estimates of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus are usually obtained through counts using trained pointer dogs. In this paper, we examine two alternative, and potentially easier, methods for estimating red grouse breeding density: one direct, based on counts of males responding to playbacks of territorial calls, and one indirect, based on counts of droppings along transects. We counted grouse on 14 1‐km² areas for 1‐3 years in 2002‐2004 using trained dogs and compared these density estimates (range: 23‐220 grouse/km²) with density estimates derived from playback counts and dropping counts. For playback counts, we counted males responding to a playback of territorial calls at nine points spread over a given 1‐km² area. For dropping counts, we counted the number of fibrous dropping roost piles along two 1‐km transects across each 1‐km² area. Generalised Linear Models indicated that male, female and total grouse density, measured by counts with dogs, could be predicted from playback counts of males, and that total grouse density could be predicted from dropping counts. However, playback counts provided better predictions than did dropping counts. Neither time of day nor wind affected responses to playback, but in clear weather fewer males responded than was expected. Playback counts could thus provide a useful alternative method for estimating grouse density, when or where counts with dogs are not feasible.
Keywords	Lagopus lagopus scoticus ; females ; game birds ; grouse ; highlands ; males ; population size ; wildlife ; wind
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-06
Size	p. 130-139.
Publishing place	Nordic Board for Wildlife Research
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1291831-3
ISSN	0909-6396
ISSN	0909-6396
DOI	10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13%5B130:AMFEDI%5D2.0.CO;2
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Article: Alternative methods for estimating density in an upland game bird: the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus

Evans, Sharon A / Redpath, Steve M / Leckie, Fiona / Mougeot, Franççois

Wildlife biology. 2007 June, v. 13, no. 2

2007

Abstract	For some species, reliable quantitative estimates of population size can be difficult to obtain. Density estimates of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus are usually obtained through counts using trained pointer dogs. In this paper, we examine two alternative, and potentially easier, methods for estimating red grouse breeding density: one direct, based on counts of males responding to playbacks of territorial calls, and one indirect, based on counts of droppings along transects. We counted grouse on 14 1-km² areas for 1-3 years in 2002-2004 using trained dogs and compared these density estimates (range: 23-220 grouse/km²) with density estimates derived from playback counts and dropping counts. For playback counts, we counted males responding to a playback of territorial calls at nine points spread over a given 1-km² area. For dropping counts, we counted the number of fibrous dropping roost piles along two 1-km transects across each 1-km² area. Generalised Linear Models indicated that male, female and total grouse density, measured by counts with dogs, could be predicted from playback counts of males, and that total grouse density could be predicted from dropping counts. However, playback counts provided better predictions than did dropping counts. Neither time of day nor wind affected responses to playback, but in clear weather fewer males responded than was expected. Playback counts could thus provide a useful alternative method for estimating grouse density, when or where counts with dogs are not feasible.
Keywords	Lagopus lagopus scoticus ; breeding ; dogs ; feces ; females ; game birds ; grouse ; highlands ; linear models ; males ; population density ; population size ; prediction ; wind
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-06
Size	p. 130-139.
Publishing place	Nordic Board for Wildlife Research
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1291831-3
ISSN	0909-6396
ISSN	0909-6396
DOI	10.2981%2F0909-6396%282007%2913%5B130%3AAMFEDI%5D2.0.CO%3B2
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Article: Livestock grazing affects the egg size of an insectivorous passerine.

Evans, Darren M / Redpath, Stephen M / Evans, Sharon A / Elston, David A / Dennis, Peter

Biology letters

2005 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 322–325

Abstract: Livestock grazing is a major driver of ecosystem change, and has been associated with significant declines in various bird species worldwide. In Britain, there is particular concern that severe grazing pressure is deleteriously affecting vegetation and ... ...

Abstract	Livestock grazing is a major driver of ecosystem change, and has been associated with significant declines in various bird species worldwide. In Britain, there is particular concern that severe grazing pressure is deleteriously affecting vegetation and birds in upland regions. However, the mechanism by which grazing affects birds is unclear. Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that sheep grazing pressure affects the egg size of a common upland passerine: the meadow pipit Anthus pratensis. We manipulated sheep stocking densities in a replicated field experiment, and found that plots with the highest stocking density contained nests with the smallest eggs, and that plots with low stocking density contained nests with the largest eggs. However, eggs laid in ungrazed plots were also small, suggesting that either too many sheep or their removal from upland areas might have a detrimental effect on pipit egg size. We found no significant effect on fledging success but the reduced post-fledging survival of young from smaller eggs, as seen in other studies, could partly explain declines in upland birds.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Ovum/growth & development ; Passeriformes/embryology ; Passeriformes/growth & development ; Scotland ; Sheep, Domestic/physiology ; Survival Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135022-X
ISSN	1744-957X ; 1744-9561
ISSN (online)	1744-957X
ISSN	1744-9561
DOI	10.1098/rsbl.2005.0335
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Article: Low intensity, mixed livestock grazing improves the breeding abundance of a common insectivorous passerine.

Evans, Darren M / Redpath, Stephen M / Evans, Sharon A / Elston, David A / Gardner, Charles J / Dennis, Peter / Pakeman, Robin J

Biology letters

2006 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 636–638

Abstract: Livestock grazing is a major driver of ecosystem change and has been associated with significant declines in various bird species in Britain and worldwide. However, there is little experimental evidence to show how grazing affects bird populations. We ... ...

Abstract	Livestock grazing is a major driver of ecosystem change and has been associated with significant declines in various bird species in Britain and worldwide. However, there is little experimental evidence to show how grazing affects bird populations. We manipulated livestock densities in a replicated field experiment and found that mixed sheep and cattle grazing, at low intensity, improved the breeding abundance of a common upland passerine, the meadow pipit Anthus pratensis, after two years. Plots stocked with sheep alone (at high or low density) or not stocked at all held fewer pipit territories. Despite a year-on-year decline in pairs of meadow pipits in intensively grazed plots, we found no effect of sheep number on breeding abundance. Our results support the hypothesis that mixed species of herbivores generate greater heterogeneity in vegetation structure, which modifies prey availability, resulting in a greater abundance of birds. The results of our study should inform the management of grassland areas and enhance the abundance of some bird species, particularly in areas that have seen significant shifts from mixed livestock grazing to grazing dominated by single species of animals.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Cattle ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Linear Models ; Passeriformes/physiology ; Population Density ; Random Allocation ; Reproduction/physiology ; Sheep ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-12-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135022-X
ISSN	1744-957X ; 1744-9561
ISSN (online)	1744-957X
ISSN	1744-9561
DOI	10.1098/rsbl.2006.0543
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Article: Seasonal patterns in the productivity of Meadow Pipits in the uplands of Scotland

Evans, Darren M. / Redpath, Stephen M. / Evans, Sharon A.

Journal of field ornithology

Volume v. 76,, Issue no. 3

Abstract: In many birds, it is assumed that conditions for breeding follow a seasonal pattern of improvement and then decline and that for each individual in the population the optimal clutch size is larger when conditions for breeding are more favorable. While ... ...

Abstract	In many birds, it is assumed that conditions for breeding follow a seasonal pattern of improvement and then decline and that for each individual in the population the optimal clutch size is larger when conditions for breeding are more favorable. While this is assumed to be the case for single-brooded species, the situation is more complex for multi-brooded species, which start breeding before the date when their optimal clutch size is greatest and conditions are best for raising nestlings. The seasonal patterns of productivity for multi-brooded species are not generally understood. We compared the clutch size, egg size and weight, and the nesting success of Meadow Pipits (Anthus pratensis) nesting during the early and late stages of the breeding season in Scotland. We also compared the provisioning rates, diet, and number of prey items fed to nestlings. Eggs laid late in the season were significantly larger and heavier than eggs laid earlier in the season. There were generally no differences in diet or provisioning rates of nestlings throughout the season. Despite producing larger eggs late in the season, the probability of such an egg producing a nestling that successfully fledged was 17% lower than an egg laid early in the season. This was mainly due to a significant increase in nest predation late in the season.
Keywords	clutch size ; seasonal variation ; diet ; predation ; nests ; Anthus pratensis ; highlands ; birds ; eggs ; breeding ; nesting ; nestlings ; breeding season ; probability
Language	English
Document type	Article
ISSN	0273-8570
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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