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Article: Evaluation of Some High-Temperature Platinum Resistance Thermometers.

Evans, J P

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards (1977)

2021 Volume 89, Issue 5, Page(s) 349–373

Abstract: Two sets of high-temperature platinum resistance thermometers of different design have been tested in the temperature range 0 to 1100 °C. One set was constructed at the National Institute of Metrology, in the People's Republic of China, and the other at ... ...

Abstract	Two sets of high-temperature platinum resistance thermometers of different design have been tested in the temperature range 0 to 1100 °C. One set was constructed at the National Institute of Metrology, in the People's Republic of China, and the other at the National Bureau of Standards. The results of the tests provide information on long- and short-time thermometer stability, and on other characteristics such as temperature coefficient, immersion, self-heating effect, electrical leakage, and durability. The results also show that the behavior of the two sets is similar enough to allow them to be considered as a single set of thermometers, and that the sets perform as well as, or better than, other sets of thermometers tested earlier. It is expected that this information will aid in the evaluation of the high-temperature platinum resistance thermometer as an interpolating instrument for a practical temperature scale up to the gold point.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2602408-1
ISSN	0160-1741 ; 0034-530X ; 0091-0635
ISSN	0160-1741 ; 0034-530X ; 0091-0635
DOI	10.6028/jres.089.020
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the measures in patient-reported outcomes, values and experiences (EMPROVE study): a collaborative audit of PROMs practice in orthopaedic care in the United Kingdom.

Matthews, A / Evans, J P

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

2022 Volume 105, Issue 4, Page(s) 357–364

Abstract: Introduction: All national orthopaedic societies advocate the use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), but clear guidance on their use is limited. We utilised a collaborative methodology to perform a national audit aiming to assess the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: All national orthopaedic societies advocate the use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), but clear guidance on their use is limited. We utilised a collaborative methodology to perform a national audit aiming to assess the perceived variability in PROMs practice in orthopaedic surgery in the United Kingdom. Methods: A multicentre collaborative audit of practice was performed extracting PROMs data on 21 commonly performed orthopaedic procedures. For each procedure, data were collected for frequency of PROM collection, type of PROM chosen, administration intervals, method and reason for collection. Compliance with national society recommendations was undertaken. Results: Sixty-three trusts enrolled to participate in the study with a completion rate of 60% (38 trusts). The most frequently reported PROMs were those associated with best practice tariffs (83.3% and 80.6% for hip and knee replacements, respectively). Outside incentivised programmes we observed a higher rate of variation in PROMs practice which failed to meet our audit standard. Across all procedures evaluated, 69% (221/318) of respondents to the study used paper as the primary method of PROM collection. Conclusions: This is the first national audit of PROMs collection in orthopaedics. The integration of PROMs within best practice tariff platforms positively influences the frequency and standardisation of collection. Outside this initiative, PROMS collection is infrequent and highly varied despite the presence of several registries. Because PROMs collection is a recommendation across all procedures using implantable devices, the success of this will depend on the adequacy of funding, resource delivery and the presence of clearer recommendations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Orthopedics ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; United Kingdom ; Registries ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Quality of Life
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80044-2
ISSN	1478-7083 ; 0035-8843
ISSN (online)	1478-7083
ISSN	0035-8843
DOI	10.1308/rcsann.2022.0041
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Article ; Online: Sparse interleaved sampling for high resolution focal construct geometry X-ray tomography.

Evans, J P O / Elarnaut, F / Downes, D / Lee, W K / Arnold, E L / Rogers, K

Optics express

2023 Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 15301–15315

Abstract: We demonstrate interleaved sampling by multiplexing conical subshells within the tomosynthesis and raster scanning a phantom through a 150 kV shell X-ray beam. Each view comprises pixels sampled on a regular 1 mm grid, which is then upscaled by padding ... ...

Abstract	We demonstrate interleaved sampling by multiplexing conical subshells within the tomosynthesis and raster scanning a phantom through a 150 kV shell X-ray beam. Each view comprises pixels sampled on a regular 1 mm grid, which is then upscaled by padding with null pixels before tomosynthesis. We show that upscaled views comprising 1% sample pixels and 99% null pixels increase the contrast transfer function (CTF) computed from constructed optical sections from approximately 0.6 line pairs/mm to 3 line pairs/mm. The driver of our method is to complement work concerning the application of conical shell beams to the measurement of diffracted photons for materials identification. Our approach is relevant to time-critical, and dose-sensitive analytical scanning applications in security screening, process control and medical imaging.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.484008
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Article ; Online: Investigating pair distribution function use in analysis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite.

Arnold, Emily L / Keeble, Dean S / Evans, J P O / Greenwood, Charlene / Rogers, Keith D

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry

2022 Volume 78, Issue Pt 5, Page(s) 271–279

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a complex material, which is often nanocrystalline when found within a biological setting. This work has directly compared the structural characteristics derived from data collected using a conventional laboratory-based X-ray ... ...

Abstract	Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a complex material, which is often nanocrystalline when found within a biological setting. This work has directly compared the structural characteristics derived from data collected using a conventional laboratory-based X-ray diffractometer with those collected from a dedicated pair distribution function (PDF) beamline at Diamond Light Source. In particular, the application of PDF analysis methods to carbonated HA is evaluated. 20 synthetic samples were measured using both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and PDFs. Both Rietveld refinement (of laboratory XRD data) and real-space refinement (of PDF data) were used to analyse all samples. The results of Rietveld and real-space refinements were compared to evaluate their application to crystalline and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Significant relationships were observed between real-space refinement parameters and increasing carbonate substitution. Understanding the local order of synthetic hydroxyapatite can benefit several fields, including both biomedical and clinical settings.
MeSH term(s)	Carbonates/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Durapatite/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; X-Ray Diffraction
Chemical Substances	Carbonates ; Durapatite (91D9GV0Z28)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2025703-X
ISSN	2053-2296 ; 1600-5759 ; 0108-2701
ISSN (online)	2053-2296 ; 1600-5759
ISSN	0108-2701
DOI	10.1107/S2053229622003400
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Article ; Online: Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km

Burrell, A L / Evans, J P / De Kauwe, M G

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 3853

Abstract: Drylands cover 41% of the earth's land surface and include 45% of the world's agricultural land. These regions are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to anthropogenic climate and land use change and are under threat of desertification. Understanding ... ...

Abstract	Drylands cover 41% of the earth's land surface and include 45% of the world's agricultural land. These regions are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to anthropogenic climate and land use change and are under threat of desertification. Understanding the roles of anthropogenic climate change, which includes the CO
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7
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Article: The International Symposium on Head Injuries.

Evans, J P

Journal of neurosurgery

2011 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 367–370

MeSH term(s)	Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology ; Craniocerebral Trauma/rehabilitation ; Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Internationality ; Neurosurgical Procedures
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Congress
ZDB-ID	3089-2
ISSN	1933-0693 ; 0022-3085
ISSN (online)	1933-0693
ISSN	0022-3085
DOI	10.3171/jns.1971.35.3.0367
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Article ; Online: Tightening a loose loop of suture in a continuous laparoscopic suture line.

Evans, J P / Cheruvu, Cvn

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

2016 Volume 98, Issue 8, Page(s) 589–590

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Laparoscopy/methods ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80044-2
ISSN	1478-7083 ; 0035-8843
ISSN (online)	1478-7083
ISSN	0035-8843
DOI	10.1308/rcsann.2016.0172
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Article ; Online: Patterns of genetic variation and covariation in ejaculate traits reveal potential evolutionary constraints in guppies.

Evans, J P

Heredity

2010 Volume 106, Issue 5, Page(s) 869–875

Abstract: Ejaculates comprise multiple and potentially interacting traits that determine male fertility and sperm competitiveness. Consequently, selection on these traits is likely to be intense, but the efficacy of selection will depend critically on patterns of ... ...

Abstract	Ejaculates comprise multiple and potentially interacting traits that determine male fertility and sperm competitiveness. Consequently, selection on these traits is likely to be intense, but the efficacy of selection will depend critically on patterns of genetic variation and covariation underlying their expression. In this study, I provide a prospective quantitative genetic analysis of ejaculate traits in the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a highly promiscuous live-bearing fish. I used a standard paternal half-sibling breeding design to characterize patterns of genetic (co)variation in components of sperm length and in vitro sperm performance. All traits exhibited high levels of phenotypic and additive genetic variation, and in several cases, patterns of genetic variation was consistent with Y-linkage. There were also highly significant negative genetic correlations between the various measures of sperm length and sperm performance. In particular, the length of the sperm's midpiece was strongly, negatively and genetically correlated with sperm's swimming velocity-an important determinant of sperm competitiveness in this and other species. Other components of sperm length, including the flagellum and head, were independently and negatively genetically correlated with the proportion of live sperm in the ejaculate (sperm viability). Whether these relationships represent evolutionary trade-offs depends on the precise relationships between these traits and competitive fertilization rates, which have yet to be fully resolved in this (and indeed most) species. Nevertheless, these prospective analyses point to potential constraints on ejaculate evolution and may explain the high level of phenotypic variability in ejaculate traits in this species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Breeding ; Genes, Y-Linked/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Models, Statistical ; Poecilia/genetics ; Poecilia/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Midpiece/ultrastructure ; Sperm Motility/genetics ; Sperm Motility/physiology ; Spermatozoa/cytology
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2423-5
ISSN	1365-2540 ; 0018-067X
ISSN (online)	1365-2540
ISSN	0018-067X
DOI	10.1038/hdy.2010.130
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Article ; Online: Suprascapular nerve blockage for painful shoulder pathology - a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment techniques.

Batten, T J / Evans, J P / Burden, E G / Mak, W K / White, W / Smith, C D

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

2022 Volume 105, Issue 7, Page(s) 589–598

Abstract: Background: Suprascapular nerve blockade (SSNB) through injection (SSNBi) and/or pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) provide options for the management of painful shoulder pathology. Multiple techniques for delivery of SSNB are described but no consensus on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Suprascapular nerve blockade (SSNB) through injection (SSNBi) and/or pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) provide options for the management of painful shoulder pathology. Multiple techniques for delivery of SSNB are described but no consensus on optimal symptom control is available. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess patient-focussed outcomes in SSNB and explore the impact of variation in the technical application of this treatment modality. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL were searched for case series, cohort studies and randomised control trials published from database inception until 28 January 2021. Articles reporting use of SSNBi or PRF for treatment of shoulder pain with a minimum 3 months follow-up were included. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were extracted and the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD), weighted by study size, was reported. Quality of methodology was assessed using Wylde's nonsummative four-point system. Findings: Of 758 references, 18 studies were included, totalling 704 SSNB. Average pain improvement at 3 months was 52.3%, with meta-analysis demonstrating a SMD of 2.37. Whereas SSNBi combined with PRF shows the greatest SMD of 2.75, this did not differ significantly from SSNBi or PRF when used as monotherapy. Location of treatment and the guidance technique used did not influence outcome. Conclusion: SSNBi and PRF provide safe and effective treatment for shoulder pain, as judged by PROMs. This may be of particular value in aging or comorbid patients and with surgical restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regardless of technique, patients experience a marked improvement in pain that is maintained beyond 3 months.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Shoulder Pain/therapy ; Pandemics ; Nerve Block/methods ; COVID-19 ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80044-2
ISSN	1478-7083 ; 0035-8843
ISSN (online)	1478-7083
ISSN	0035-8843
DOI	10.1308/rcsann.2022.0026
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Article ; Online: Postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance in guppies.

Fitzpatrick, J L / Evans, J P

Journal of evolutionary biology

2014 Volume 27, Issue 12, Page(s) 2585–2594

Abstract: In many species, the negative fitness effects of inbreeding have facilitated the evolution of a wide range of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. Although avoidance mechanisms operating prior to mating are well documented, evidence for postcopulatory ... ...

Abstract	In many species, the negative fitness effects of inbreeding have facilitated the evolution of a wide range of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. Although avoidance mechanisms operating prior to mating are well documented, evidence for postcopulatory mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance remain scarce. Here, we examine the potential for paternity biases to favour unrelated males when their sperm compete for fertilizations though postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. To test this possibility, we used a series of artificial inseminations to deliver an equal number of sperm from a related (either full sibling or half sibling) and unrelated male to a female while statistically controlling for differences in sperm quality between rival ejaculates. In this way, we were able to focus exclusively on postcopulatory mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance and account for differences in sperm competitiveness between rival males. Under these carefully controlled conditions, we report a significant bias in paternity towards unrelated males, although this effect was only apparent when the related male was a full sibling. We also show that sperm competition generally favours males with highly viable sperm and thus that some variance in sperm competitiveness can be attributed to difference in sperm quality. Our findings for postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance are consistent with prior work on guppies, revealing that sperm competition success declines linearly with the level of relatedness, but also that such effects are only apparent at relatedness levels of full siblings or higher. These findings reveal that postcopulatory processes alone can facilitate inbreeding avoidance.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Biological/genetics ; Adaptation, Biological/physiology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Fitness/genetics ; Inbreeding ; Linear Models ; Male ; Poecilia/genetics ; Poecilia/physiology ; Queensland ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Spermatozoa/cytology ; Spermatozoa/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1465318-7
ISSN	1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
ISSN (online)	1420-9101
ISSN	1010-061X
DOI	10.1111/jeb.12545
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