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Article ; Online: New directions in the experimental therapy of tick-borne encephalitis.

Eyer, Ludek / Seley-Radtke, Katherine / Ruzek, Daniel

2022 Volume 210, Page(s) 105504

Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a potentially fatal disease common in much of Europe and Asia. There is no specific therapy for the treatment of TBE patients. However, several efforts are being made to develop small molecules that specifically interfere ...

Abstract	Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a potentially fatal disease common in much of Europe and Asia. There is no specific therapy for the treatment of TBE patients. However, several efforts are being made to develop small molecules that specifically interfere with the life cycle of TBE virus. In particular, recently various nucleoside analogues that can inhibit the viral replicase, such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or viral methyltransferases, have been explored. In addition, human or chimeric (i.e., structural chimeras that combine mouse variable domains with human constant domains) monoclonal antibodies with promising potential for post-exposure prophylaxis or early therapy have been developed. This review summarizes the latest directions and experimental approaches that may be used to combat TBE in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne ; Europe ; Asia ; Therapies, Investigational ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105504
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Article ; Online: Development of recombinant West Nile virus expressing mCherry reporter protein.

Kobayashi, Shintaro / Fukuda, Yukine / Yoshii, Kentaro / Thammahakin, Passawat / Maezono, Keisuke / Eyer, Luděk / Růžek, Daniel / Kariwa, Hiroaki

Journal of virological methods

2023 Volume 317, Page(s) 114744

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted to humans and animals by a mosquito and enters the central nervous system, leading to lethal encephalitis. Reporter viruses expressing fluorescent proteins enable detection of infected cells in vitro and in vivo, ... ...

Abstract	West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted to humans and animals by a mosquito and enters the central nervous system, leading to lethal encephalitis. Reporter viruses expressing fluorescent proteins enable detection of infected cells in vitro and in vivo, facilitating evaluation of the dynamics of viral infection, and the development of diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In this study, we developed a method for production of a recombinant replication-competent WNV expressing mCherry fluorescent protein. The expression of mCherry was observed in viral antigen-positive cells in vitro and in vivo, but the growth of the reporter WNV was reduced as compared to the parental WNV. The expression of mCherry was stable during 5 passages in reporter WNV-infected culture cells. Neurological symptoms were observed in mice inoculated intracranially with the reporter WNV. The reporter WNV expressing mCherry will facilitate research into WNV replication in mouse brains.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; West Nile virus/genetics ; West Nile Fever/veterinary ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Recombinant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114744
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Article: Antiviral Activity of Vacuolar ATPase Blocker Diphyllin against SARS-CoV-2

Stefanik, Michal / Strakova, Petra / Haviernik, Jan / Miller, Andrew D. / Ruzek, Daniel / Eyer, Ludek

Microorganisms. 2021 Feb. 25, v. 9, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a causative agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in over two million deaths worldwide to date. Diphyllin and diphyllinosides are known as natural ... ...

Abstract	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a causative agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in over two million deaths worldwide to date. Diphyllin and diphyllinosides are known as natural blockers of cellular vacuolar ATPases, and so can act as inhibitors of the pH-dependent fusion of viral envelopes with host cell endosomal membranes. Such pH-dependent fusion is a critical early step during the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle. Accordingly, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 profiles and cytotoxicities of diphyllin, diphyllinoside cleistanthin B, and two structurally related compounds, helioxanthin 8-1 and helioxanthin 5-4-2, are evaluated here using in vitro cell-based assay systems. Neither helioxanthin exhibits any obvious anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects in vitro. By contrast diphyllin and cleistanthin B do exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects in Vero cells, with respective 50% effective concentrations (EC₅₀) values of 1.92 and 6.51 µM. Diphyllin displays anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect also in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) cells. Moreover, when diphyllin is added at various times post infection, a significant decrease in viral titer is observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero cells, even at high viral multiplicities of infection. Importantly, neither diphyllin nor cleistanthin B are found cytotoxic to Vero cells in concentrations up to 100 µM. However, the cytotoxic effect of diphyllin is more pronounced in Vero E6 and CaCo-2 cells. Overall, our data demonstrate that diphyllin and diphyllin analogues might be perfected as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in future preclinical studies, most especially if nanomedicine approaches may be invoked to optimize functional drug delivery to virus infected cells.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; H-transporting ATP synthase ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; adenocarcinoma ; adenosinetriphosphatase ; antiviral properties ; cytotoxicity ; drugs ; etiological agents ; nanomedicine ; pH ; pandemic ; vacuoles ; viral load ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0225
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9030471
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Antiviral Activity of Vacuolar ATPase Blocker Diphyllin against SARS-CoV-2.

Stefanik, Michal / Strakova, Petra / Haviernik, Jan / Miller, Andrew D / Ruzek, Daniel / Eyer, Ludek

Microorganisms

2021 Volume 9, Issue 3

Abstract	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a causative agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in over two million deaths worldwide to date. Diphyllin and diphyllinosides are known as natural blockers of cellular vacuolar ATPases, and so can act as inhibitors of the pH-dependent fusion of viral envelopes with host cell endosomal membranes. Such pH-dependent fusion is a critical early step during the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle. Accordingly, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 profiles and cytotoxicities of diphyllin, diphyllinoside cleistanthin B, and two structurally related compounds, helioxanthin 8-1 and helioxanthin 5-4-2, are evaluated here using in vitro cell-based assay systems. Neither helioxanthin exhibits any obvious anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects in vitro. By contrast diphyllin and cleistanthin B do exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects in Vero cells, with respective 50% effective concentrations (EC
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9030471
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Article ; Online: Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope.

Holoubek, Jiří / Salát, Jiří / Kotouček, Jan / Kastl, Tomáš / Vancová, Marie / Huvarová, Ivana / Bednář, Petr / Bednářová, Klára / Růžek, Daniel / Renčiuk, Daniel / Eyer, Luděk

Antiviral research

2023 Volume 221, Page(s) 105767

Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a medically important flavivirus endemic to the European-Asian continent. Although more than 12,000 clinical cases are reported annually worldwide, there is no ...

Abstract	Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a medically important flavivirus endemic to the European-Asian continent. Although more than 12,000 clinical cases are reported annually worldwide, there is no anti-TBEV therapy available to treat patients with TBE. Porphyrins are macrocyclic molecules consisting of a planar tetrapyrrolic ring that can coordinate a metal cation. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and anti-TBEV activity of a large series of alkyl- or (het)aryl-substituted porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and chlorins and characterized their molecular interactions with the viral envelope in detail. Our structure-activity relationship study showed that the tetrapyrrole ring is an essential structural element for anti-TBEV activity, but that the presence of different structurally distinct side chains with different lengths, charges, and rigidity or metal cation coordination can significantly alter the antiviral potency of porphyrin scaffolds. Porphyrins were demonstrated to interact with the TBEV lipid membrane and envelope protein E, disrupt the TBEV envelope and inhibit the TBEV entry/fusion machinery. The crucial mechanism of the anti-TBEV activity of porphyrins is based on photosensitization and the formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen. In addition to blocking viral entry and fusion, porphyrins were also observed to interact with RNA oligonucleotides derived from TBEV genomic RNA, indicating that these compounds could target multiple viral/cellular structures. Furthermore, immunization of mice with porphyrin-inactivated TBEV resulted in the formation of TBEV-neutralizing antibodies and protected the mice from TBEV infection. Porphyrins can thus be used to inactivate TBEV while retaining the immunogenic properties of the virus and could be useful for producing new inactivated TBEV vaccines.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/genetics ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; Viral Envelope ; Virus Internalization ; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne ; Porphyrins/pharmacology ; Porphyrins/therapeutic use ; RNA ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cations/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Porphyrins ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Antiviral Agents ; Cations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105767
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Zs.A 1627: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Non-Nucleotide RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitor That Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication.

Dejmek, Milan / Konkoľová, Eva / Eyer, Luděk / Straková, Petra / Svoboda, Pavel / Šála, Michal / Krejčová, Kateřina / Růžek, Daniel / Boura, Evzen / Nencka, Radim

Viruses

2021 Volume 13, Issue 8

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has caused an extensive pandemic of COVID-19 all around the world. Key viral enzymes are suitable molecular targets for the development of new antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 which could represent potential treatments of the corresponding ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 has caused an extensive pandemic of COVID-19 all around the world. Key viral enzymes are suitable molecular targets for the development of new antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 which could represent potential treatments of the corresponding disease. With respect to its essential role in the replication of viral RNA, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is one of the prime targets. HeE1-2Tyr and related derivatives were originally discovered as inhibitors of the RdRp of flaviviruses. Here, we present that these pyridobenzothiazole derivatives also significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, as demonstrated using both polymerase- and cell-based antiviral assays.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives ; Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Alanine/analogs & derivatives ; Alanine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Benzothiazoles/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pyridones/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Virus Replication/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Benzothiazoles ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; HeE1-2Tyr ; Pyridones ; remdesivir (3QKI37EEHE) ; Adenosine Monophosphate (415SHH325A) ; Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48) ; NSP12 protein, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 2.7.7.48) ; Alanine (OF5P57N2ZX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13081585
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Article ; Online: Antiviral Activity of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus.

Krol, Ewelina / Wandzik, Ilona / Brzuska, Gabriela / Eyer, Luděk / Růžek, Daniel / Szewczyk, Boguslaw

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2019 Volume 24, Issue 6

Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), one of the most important human infections involving the central nervous system. Although effective vaccines are available on the market, they are recommended ... ...

Abstract	Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), one of the most important human infections involving the central nervous system. Although effective vaccines are available on the market, they are recommended only in endemic areas. Despite many attempts, there are still no specific antiviral therapies for TBEV treatment. Previously, we synthesized a series of uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars and proved that some compounds show antiviral activity against viruses from the Flaviviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families targeting the late steps of the
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Deoxy Sugars/chemistry ; Deoxy Sugars/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/drug effects ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/physiology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Uridine/analogs & derivatives ; Uridine/chemistry ; Uridine/pharmacology ; Viral Plaque Assay
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Deoxy Sugars ; Uridine (WHI7HQ7H85)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules24061129
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Article ; Online: Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitor 7-Deaza-2'-

Eyer, Luděk / Fojtíková, Martina / Nencka, Radim / Rudolf, Ivo / Hubálek, Zdeněk / Ruzek, Daniel

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

2019 Volume 63, Issue 3

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a medically important emerging arbovirus causing serious neuroinfections in humans and against which no approved antiviral therapy is currently available. In this study, we demonstrate that 2'- ...

Abstract	West Nile virus (WNV) is a medically important emerging arbovirus causing serious neuroinfections in humans and against which no approved antiviral therapy is currently available. In this study, we demonstrate that 2'-
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; RNA Replicase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Swine ; Tubercidin/analogs & derivatives ; Tubercidin/therapeutic use ; Vero Cells ; Viremia/drug therapy ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; West Nile Fever/drug therapy ; West Nile Fever/pathology ; West Nile Fever/virology ; West Nile virus/drug effects ; West Nile virus/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; RNA Replicase (EC 2.7.7.48) ; Tubercidin (M351LCX45Y) ; 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (QRR62J6WEF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.02093-18
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Zs.A 809: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Einzelsignatur: Show issues

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Article: Non-Nucleotide RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitor That Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication

Dejmek, Milan / Konkoľová, Eva / Eyer, Luděk / Straková, Petra / Svoboda, Pavel / Šála, Michal / Krejčová, Kateřina / Růžek, Daniel / Boura, Evzen / Nencka, Radim

Viruses. 2021 Aug. 11, v. 13, no. 8

2021

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 has caused an extensive pandemic of COVID-19 all around the world. Key viral enzymes are suitable molecular targets for the development of new antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 which could represent potential treatments of the corresponding disease. With respect to its essential role in the replication of viral RNA, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is one of the prime targets. HeE1-2Tyr and related derivatives were originally discovered as inhibitors of the RdRp of flaviviruses. Here, we present that these pyridobenzothiazole derivatives also significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, as demonstrated using both polymerase- and cell-based antiviral assays.
Keywords	Flaviviridae ; RNA ; RNA-directed RNA polymerase ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; antiviral agents ; pandemic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0811
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13081585
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Alkyl Derivatives of Perylene Photosensitizing Antivirals: Towards Understanding the Influence of Lipophilicity.

Mikhnovets, Igor E / Holoubek, Jiří / Panina, Irina S / Kotouček, Jan / Gvozdev, Daniil A / Chumakov, Stepan P / Krasilnikov, Maxim S / Zhitlov, Mikhail Y / Gulyak, Evgeny L / Chistov, Alexey A / Nikitin, Timofei D / Korshun, Vladimir A / Efremov, Roman G / Alferova, Vera A / Růžek, Daniel / Eyer, Luděk / Ustinov, Alexey V

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 22

Abstract: Amphipathic perylene derivatives are broad-spectrum antivirals against enveloped viruses that act as fusion inhibitors in a light-dependent manner. The compounds target the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope using the lipophilic perylene moiety and ... ...

Abstract	Amphipathic perylene derivatives are broad-spectrum antivirals against enveloped viruses that act as fusion inhibitors in a light-dependent manner. The compounds target the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope using the lipophilic perylene moiety and photogenerating singlet oxygen, thereby causing damage to unsaturated lipids. Previous studies show that variation of the polar part of the molecule is important for antiviral activity. Here, we report modification of the lipophilic part of the molecule, perylene, by the introduction of 4-, 8-, and 12-carbon alkyls into position 9(10) of the perylene residue. Using Friedel-Crafts acylation and Wolff-Kishner reduction, three 3-acetyl-9(10)-alkylperylenes were synthesized from perylene and used to prepare 9 nucleoside and 12 non-nucleoside amphipathic derivatives. These compounds were characterized as fluorophores and singlet oxygen generators, as well as tested as antivirals against herpes virus-1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), both known for causing superficial skin/mucosa lesions and thus serving as suitable candidates for photodynamic therapy. The results suggest that derivatives with a short alkyl chain (butyl) have strong antiviral activity, whereas the introduction of longer alkyl substituents (
MeSH term(s)	Perylene/pharmacology ; Singlet Oxygen ; Photochemotherapy ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Perylene (5QD5427UN7) ; Singlet Oxygen (17778-80-2) ; Antiviral Agents ; Photosensitizing Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242216483
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