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  1. Article ; Online: Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a novel anticancer agent.

    Facchiano, Francesco / D'Arcangelo, Daniela / Facchiano, Antonio

    Oncology

    2023  

    Abstract: Introduction - Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, with an increasing occurrence. Despite the recent important improvements due to novel immunotherapy approaches, when late diagnosed, melanoma prognosis is poor due to the metastatic progression ... ...

    Abstract Introduction - Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, with an increasing occurrence. Despite the recent important improvements due to novel immunotherapy approaches, when late diagnosed, melanoma prognosis is poor due to the metastatic progression and drug-resistance onset. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify additional therapeutic targets. Melanoma invasive behavior is related to the activity of metalloproteases, able to degrade extracellular matrix leading to tumor dissemination. A recent study suggested that the most potent proteases inhibitor alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG) from plasma of hibernating fishes exerts potent anti-proliferative effects. Our previous studies showed significant reduction of A2MG in sera from mice/human melanoma models. Methods - Gene and protein expression studies have been performed by using platforms and databases available online containing expression data form thousands of patients and healthy controls. Results - We carried out an extensive bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the A2MG gene/protein expression on a large cohort of patients affected by many different cancer types, compared to healthy control subjects, and we found highly significant difference of A2MG expression in 20 out of 31 cancers types (including melanoma) compared to healthy controls. Similar results were also confirmed at proteomic level using another platform available online. Further, we found that higher A2MG expression is significantly related to overall survival in different cancers including melanoma. Conclusion - Our results strongly suggest A2MG as a novel molecular target in melanoma therapy, as well as in other cancer types.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type News
    ZDB-ID 250101-6
    ISSN 1423-0232 ; 0030-2414
    ISSN (online) 1423-0232
    ISSN 0030-2414
    DOI 10.1159/000536033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: An investigation into the molecular basis of cancer comorbidities in coronavirus infection.

    Facchiano, Antonio / Facchiano, Francesco / Facchiano, Angelo

    FEBS open bio

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) 2363–2374

    Abstract: Comorbidities in COVID-19 patients often worsen clinical conditions and may represent death predictors. Here, the expression of five genes, known to encode coronavirus receptors/interactors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, CLEC4M, DPP4 and TMPRSS11D), was investigated in ...

    Abstract Comorbidities in COVID-19 patients often worsen clinical conditions and may represent death predictors. Here, the expression of five genes, known to encode coronavirus receptors/interactors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, CLEC4M, DPP4 and TMPRSS11D), was investigated in normal and cancer tissues, and their molecular relationships with clinical comorbidities were investigated. Using expression data from GENT2 databases, we evaluated gene expression in all anatomical districts from 32 normal tissues in 3902 individuals. Functional relationships with body districts were analyzed by chilibot. We performed DisGeNet, genemania and DAVID analyses to identify human diseases associated with these genes. Transcriptomic expression levels were then analyzed in 31 cancer types and healthy controls from approximately 43 000 individuals, using GEPIA2 and GENT2 databases. By performing receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was used to discriminate healthy from cancer patients. Coronavirus receptors were found to be expressed in several body districts. Moreover, the five genes were found to associate with acute respiratory syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer (i.e. the most frequent COVID-19 comorbidities). Their expression levels were found to be significantly altered in cancer types, including colon, kidney, liver, testis, thyroid and skin cancers (P < 0.0001); AUC > 0.80 suggests that TMPRSS2, CLEC4M and DPP4 are relevant markers of kidney, liver, and thyroid cancer, respectively. The five coronavirus receptors are related to all main COVID-19 comorbidities and three show significantly different expression in cancer versus control tissues. Further investigation into their role may help in monitoring other comorbidities, as well as for follow-up of patients who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics ; Comorbidity ; Databases, Genetic ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/genetics ; Epidemics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Neoplasms/classification ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics ; Serine Proteases/genetics
    Chemical Substances CLEC4M protein, human ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Lectins, C-Type ; Membrane Proteins ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Serine Proteases (EC 3.4.-) ; DPP4 protein, human (EC 3.4.14.5) ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (EC 3.4.14.5) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS11D protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2651702-4
    ISSN 2211-5463 ; 2211-5463
    ISSN (online) 2211-5463
    ISSN 2211-5463
    DOI 10.1002/2211-5463.12984
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: An investigation into the molecular basis of cancer comorbidities in coronavirus infection

    Facchiano, Antonio / Facchiano, Francesco / Facchiano, Angelo

    FEBS Open Bio. 2020 Nov., v. 10, no. 11

    2020  

    Abstract: Comorbidities in COVID‐19 patients often worsen clinical conditions and may represent death predictors. Here, the expression of five genes, known to encode coronavirus receptors/interactors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, CLEC4M, DPP4 and TMPRSS11D), was investigated in ...

    Abstract Comorbidities in COVID‐19 patients often worsen clinical conditions and may represent death predictors. Here, the expression of five genes, known to encode coronavirus receptors/interactors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, CLEC4M, DPP4 and TMPRSS11D), was investigated in normal and cancer tissues, and their molecular relationships with clinical comorbidities were investigated. Using expression data from GENT2 databases, we evaluated gene expression in all anatomical districts from 32 normal tissues in 3902 individuals. Functional relationships with body districts were analyzed by chilibot. We performed DisGeNet, genemania and DAVID analyses to identify human diseases associated with these genes. Transcriptomic expression levels were then analyzed in 31 cancer types and healthy controls from approximately 43 000 individuals, using GEPIA2 and GENT2 databases. By performing receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was used to discriminate healthy from cancer patients. Coronavirus receptors were found to be expressed in several body districts. Moreover, the five genes were found to associate with acute respiratory syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer (i.e. the most frequent COVID‐19 comorbidities). Their expression levels were found to be significantly altered in cancer types, including colon, kidney, liver, testis, thyroid and skin cancers (P < 0.0001); AUC > 0.80 suggests that TMPRSS2, CLEC4M and DPP4 are relevant markers of kidney, liver, and thyroid cancer, respectively. The five coronavirus receptors are related to all main COVID‐19 comorbidities and three show significantly different expression in cancer versus control tissues. Further investigation into their role may help in monitoring other comorbidities, as well as for follow‐up of patients who have recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; colon ; comorbidity ; death ; diabetes ; gene expression ; humans ; kidneys ; liver ; testes ; thyroid neoplasms ; transcriptomics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-11
    Size p. 2363-2374.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2651702-4
    ISSN 2211-5463
    ISSN 2211-5463
    DOI 10.1002/2211-5463.12984
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Biological Implications and Functional Significance of Transglutaminase Type 2 in Nervous System Tumors.

    Buccarelli, Mariachiara / Castellani, Giorgia / Fiorentino, Vincenzo / Pizzimenti, Cristina / Beninati, Simone / Ricci-Vitiani, Lucia / Scattoni, Maria Luisa / Mischiati, Carlo / Facchiano, Francesco / Tabolacci, Claudio

    Cells

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 8

    Abstract: Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction ...

    Abstract Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction thanks to its GTP binding/hydrolyzing activity. In the nervous system, TG2 regulates multiple physiological processes, such as development, neuronal cell death and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Given its different enzymatic activities, aberrant expression or activity of TG2 can contribute to tumorigenesis, including in peripheral and central nervous system tumors. Indeed, TG2 dysregulation has been reported in meningiomas, medulloblastomas, neuroblastomas, glioblastomas, and other adult-type diffuse gliomas. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biological and functional relevance of TG2 in the pathogenesis of nervous system tumors, highlighting its involvement in survival, tumor inflammation, differentiation, and in the resistance to standard therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 ; Transglutaminases/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology ; Nervous System Neoplasms/enzymology ; Nervous System Neoplasms/metabolism ; Animals
    Chemical Substances Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 (EC 2.3.2.13) ; Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) ; GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells13080667
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Reply to Jakovac: About COVID-19 and vitamin D.

    Facchiano, Angelo / Facchiano, Antonio / Bartoli, Manuela / Ricci, Alberto / Facchiano, Francesco

    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

    2020  Volume 318, Issue 6, Page(s) E838

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vitamin D
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 603841-4
    ISSN 1522-1555 ; 0193-1849
    ISSN (online) 1522-1555
    ISSN 0193-1849
    DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00185.2020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Natural Compounds against Cancer, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress.

    Tabolacci, Claudio / Forni, Cinzia / Jadeja, Ravirajsinh N / Facchiano, Francesco

    BioMed research international

    2019  Volume 2019, Page(s) 9495628

    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Biological Products
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2698540-8
    ISSN 2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
    ISSN (online) 2314-6141
    ISSN 2314-6133
    DOI 10.1155/2019/9495628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Agents in Melanoma.

    Tabolacci, Claudio / De Vita, Daniela / Facchiano, Antonio / Bozzuto, Giuseppina / Beninati, Simone / Failla, Cristina Maria / Di Martile, Marta / Lintas, Carla / Mischiati, Carlo / Stringaro, Annarita / Del Bufalo, Donatella / Facchiano, Francesco

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 3

    Abstract: Cutaneous melanoma is an immunogenic highly heterogenic tumor characterized by poor outcomes when it is diagnosed late. Therefore, immunotherapy in combination with other anti-proliferative approaches is among the most effective weapons to control its ... ...

    Abstract Cutaneous melanoma is an immunogenic highly heterogenic tumor characterized by poor outcomes when it is diagnosed late. Therefore, immunotherapy in combination with other anti-proliferative approaches is among the most effective weapons to control its growth and metastatic dissemination. Recently, a large amount of published reports indicate the interest of researchers and clinicians about plant secondary metabolites as potentially useful therapeutic tools due to their lower presence of side effects coupled with their high potency and efficacy. Published evidence was reported in most cases through in vitro studies but also, with a growing body of evidence, through in vivo investigations. Our aim was, therefore, to review the published studies focused on the most interesting phytochemicals whose immunomodulatory activities and/or mechanisms of actions were demonstrated and applied to melanoma models.
    MeSH term(s) Melanoma/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Immunomodulating Agents ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Phytochemicals/therapeutic use ; Plants
    Chemical Substances Immunomodulating Agents ; Phytochemicals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24032657
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Balance of TNF and TNF Receptors in Naïve Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Early Involvement in Compartmentalised Intrathecal Inflammation.

    Magliozzi, Roberta / Pezzini, Francesco / Pucci, Mairi / Rossi, Stefania / Facchiano, Francesco / Marastoni, Damiano / Montagnana, Martina / Lippi, Giuseppe / Reynolds, Richard / Calabrese, Massimiliano

    Cells

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 7

    Abstract: An imbalance of TNF signalling in the inflammatory milieu generated by meningeal immune cell infiltrates in the subarachnoid space in multiple sclerosis (MS), and its animal model may lead to increased cortical pathology. In order to explore whether this ...

    Abstract An imbalance of TNF signalling in the inflammatory milieu generated by meningeal immune cell infiltrates in the subarachnoid space in multiple sclerosis (MS), and its animal model may lead to increased cortical pathology. In order to explore whether this feature may be present from the early stages of MS and may be associated with the clinical outcome, the protein levels of TNF, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were assayed in CSF collected from 122 treatment-naïve MS patients and 36 subjects with other neurological conditions at diagnosis. Potential correlations with other CSF cytokines/chemokines and with clinical and imaging parameters at diagnosis (T0) and after 2 years of follow-up (T24) were evaluated. Significantly increased levels of TNF (fold change: 7.739;
    MeSH term(s) Adaptive Immunity ; Adult ; Antigens, CD/cerebrospinal fluid ; Antigens, CD/genetics ; Antigens, CD/immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/cerebrospinal fluid ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/pathology ; C-Reactive Protein/cerebrospinal fluid ; C-Reactive Protein/genetics ; C-Reactive Protein/immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/immunology ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Chemokine CXCL13/cerebrospinal fluid ; Chemokine CXCL13/genetics ; Chemokine CXCL13/immunology ; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/cerebrospinal fluid ; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/genetics ; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/immunology ; Cytokine TWEAK/cerebrospinal fluid ; Cytokine TWEAK/genetics ; Cytokine TWEAK/immunology ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukins/cerebrospinal fluid ; Interleukins/genetics ; Interleukins/immunology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meninges/diagnostic imaging ; Meninges/immunology ; Meninges/pathology ; Multiple Sclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/genetics ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Osteopontin/cerebrospinal fluid ; Osteopontin/genetics ; Osteopontin/immunology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/cerebrospinal fluid ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/cerebrospinal fluid ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology ; Serum Amyloid P-Component/cerebrospinal fluid ; Serum Amyloid P-Component/genetics ; Serum Amyloid P-Component/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/cerebrospinal fluid ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/cerebrospinal fluid ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/immunology ; White Matter/pathology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; CD163 antigen ; CHI3L1 protein, human ; CXCL13 protein, human ; Chemokine CXCL13 ; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 ; Cytokine TWEAK ; Interleukins ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; SPP1 protein, human ; Serum Amyloid P-Component ; TNFRSF1A protein, human ; TNFSF12 protein, human ; TNFSF14 protein, human ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; interleukin-35, human ; Osteopontin (106441-73-0) ; PTX3 protein (148591-49-5) ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells10071712
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Targeting Melanoma-Initiating Cells by Caffeine: In Silico and In Vitro Approaches.

    Tabolacci, Claudio / Cordella, Martina / Rossi, Stefania / Bonaccio, Marialaura / Eramo, Adriana / Mischiati, Carlo / Beninati, Simone / Iacoviello, Licia / Facchiano, Antonio / Facchiano, Francesco

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 12

    Abstract: The beneficial effects of coffee on human diseases are well documented, but the molecular mechanisms of its bioactive compounds on cancer are not completely elucidated. This is likely due to the large heterogeneity of coffee preparations and different ... ...

    Abstract The beneficial effects of coffee on human diseases are well documented, but the molecular mechanisms of its bioactive compounds on cancer are not completely elucidated. This is likely due to the large heterogeneity of coffee preparations and different coffee-based beverages, but also to the choice of experimental models where proliferation, differentiation and immune responses are differently affected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of one of the most interesting bioactive compounds in coffee, i.e., caffeine, using a cellular model of melanoma at a defined differentiation level. A preliminary in silico analysis carried out on public gene-expression databases identified genes potentially involved in caffeine's effects and suggested some specific molecular targets, including tyrosinase. Proliferation was investigated in vitro on human melanoma initiating cells (MICs) and cytokine expression was measured in conditioned media. Tyrosinase was revealed as a key player in caffeine's mechanisms of action, suggesting a crucial role in immunomodulation through the reduction in IL-1β, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES secretion onto MICs conditioned media. The potent antiproliferative effects of caffeine on MICs are likely to occur by promoting melanin production and reducing inflammatory signals' secretion. These data suggest tyrosinase as a key player mediating the effects of caffeine on melanoma.
    MeSH term(s) Caffeine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Computer Simulation/statistics & numerical data ; Databases, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Melanins/metabolism ; Melanoma/drug therapy ; Melanoma/genetics ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Melanoma/pathology ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Melanins ; Caffeine (3G6A5W338E) ; Monophenol Monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules26123619
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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