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Article ; Online: Synthesis of Xanthan Gum Anchored α-Fe 2 O 3 Bionanocomposite Material for Remediation of Pb (II) Contaminated Aquatic System

Fahad A. Alharthi / Riyadh H. Alshammari / Imran Hasan

Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 1134, p

2023 Volume 1134

Abstract: Increases in community and industrial activities have led to disturbances of the environmental balance and the contamination of water systems through the introduction of organic and inorganic pollutants. Among the various inorganic pollutants, Pb (II) is ...

Abstract	Increases in community and industrial activities have led to disturbances of the environmental balance and the contamination of water systems through the introduction of organic and inorganic pollutants. Among the various inorganic pollutants, Pb (II) is one of the heavy metals possessing non-biodegradable and the most toxic characteristics towards human health and the environment. The present study is focussed on the synthesis of efficient and eco-friendly adsorbent material that can remove Pb (II) from wastewater. A green functional nanocomposite material based on the immobilization of α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles with xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer has been synthesized in this study to be applied as an adsorbent (XGFO) for sequestration of Pb (II). Spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were adopted for characterizing the solid powder material. The synthesized material was found to be rich in key functional groups such as –COOH and –OH playing important roles in binding the adsorbate particles through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). Based on the preliminary results, adsorption experiments were conducted, and the data obtained were applied to four different adsorption isotherm models, viz the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich and D–R models. Based on the high values of R 2 and low values of χ 2 , the Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the best model for simulation of data for Pb (II) adsorption by XGFO. The value of maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Q m ) was found to be 117.45 mg g −1 at 303 K, 126.23 mg g −1 at 313 K, 145.12 mg g −1 at 323 K and 191.27 mg g −1 at 323 K. The kinetics of the adsorption process of Pb (II) by XGFO was best defined by the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic aspect of the reaction suggested that the reaction is endothermic and ...
Keywords	nanocomposite ; heavy metal ion removal ; Langmuir ; chemical coprecipitation ; wastewater treatment ; adsorption ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Synthesis of Novel Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Fahad A. Alharthi / Alanood Sulaiman Ababtain / Hend Khalid Aldubeikl / Hamdah S. Alanazi / Imran Hasan

Catalysts, Vol 13, Iss 455, p

2023 Volume 455

Abstract: In this study, we fabricated Zn 3 V 2 O 8 and a Ag-modified Zn 3 V 2 O 8 composite (Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag) by utilizing effective and benign approaches. Further characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we fabricated Zn 3 V 2 O 8 and a Ag-modified Zn 3 V 2 O 8 composite (Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag) by utilizing effective and benign approaches. Further characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were explored to examine the phase and structural properties, respectively, of the synthesized Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag and Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag composite materials. The oxidation states and elemental composition of the synthesized Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag and Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag were characterized by adopting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The optical band gaps of the synthesized Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag and Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag were examined by employing ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflection spectroscopy. HRTEM images clearly show that ZnV@Ag NC has a hexagonal plate-like morphology. Subsequently, Zn 3 V 2 O 8 and Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag were used as photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2 ) production. It was observed that after Ag doping, the energy band gap of ZnV was reduced from 2.33 eV to 2.19 eV. EDX mapping images also show the presence of Ag, O, Zn, and V elements and confirm the formation of ZnV@Ag NC with good phase purity. Observations clearly showed the presence of excellent photocatalytic properties of the synthesized photocatalyst. The Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag photocatalyst exhibited H 2 generation of 37.52 µmolg −1 h −1 , which is higher compared to pristine Zn 3 V 2 O 8 . The Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag photocatalyst also demonstrated excellent reusability, including decent stability. The reusability experiments suggested that ZnV@Ag NC has excellent cyclic stability for up to six cycles.
Keywords	Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /Ag nanocomposite ; photocatalytic H 2 production ; water splitting ; surface plasmon resonance ; sacrificial reagents ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Zinc Vanadate (Zn 3 V 2 O 8 ) Immobilized Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Heterojunction as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Visible Light Driven Hydrogen Production

Fahad A. Alharthi / Alanood Sulaiman Ababtain / Hamdah S. Alanazi / Alanoud Abdullah Alshayiqi / Imran Hasan

Molecules, Vol 28, Iss 1362, p

2023 Volume 1362

Abstract: Z-scheme photocatalytic reaction is considered an effective strategy to promote the photogenerated electron-hole separation for significantly improving the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation from splitting water. In this study, a ... ...

Abstract	Z-scheme photocatalytic reaction is considered an effective strategy to promote the photogenerated electron-hole separation for significantly improving the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation from splitting water. In this study, a heterojunction nanocomposite material based on Zn 3 V 2 O 8 (ZV) with MWCNT was prepared by a hydrothermal process. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to understand crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties. The efficiency of the samples was evaluated for the photocatalytic H 2 production under visible solar radiation using water glycerol as a sacrificial reagent. The obtained results suggest that, between ZV and ZV@MWCNT, the latter shows higher efficiency for H 2 production. The maximum H 2 production efficiency was found to be 26.87 μmol g −1 h −1 for ZV and 99.55 μmol g −1 h −1 for ZV@MWCNT. The synergistic effect of MWCNT to ZV resulted in improving the efficiency of charges and light-absorbing capacity, resulting in enhanced H 2 production in the heterojunction nanocomposite material. The nanocomposite was stable and highly efficient for H 2 production of six or more cycles. Based on the outcomes of this study, it can be observed that forming the heterojunction of individual nano systems could result in more efficient material for H 2 production under visible solar energy.
Keywords	MWCNT ; Nanocomposites ; H 2 evolution ; heterojunction ; photocatalytic process ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The Role of Strontium in CeNiO 3 Nano-Crystalline Perovskites for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation to Produce Syngas

Naushad Ahmad / Rizwan Wahab / Salim Manoharadas / Basel F. Alrayes / Manawwer Alam / Fahad A. Alharthi

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 356, p

2022 Volume 356

Abstract: The transition metal-based catalysts for the elimination of greenhouse gases via methane reforming using carbon dioxide are directly or indirectly associated with their distinguishing characteristics such as well-dispersed metal nanoparticles, a higher ... ...

Abstract	The transition metal-based catalysts for the elimination of greenhouse gases via methane reforming using carbon dioxide are directly or indirectly associated with their distinguishing characteristics such as well-dispersed metal nanoparticles, a higher number of reducible species, suitable metal–support interaction, and high specific surface area. This work presents the insight into catalytic performance as well as catalyst stability of Ce x Sr 1−x NiO 3 (x = 0.6–1) nanocrystalline perovskites for the production of hydrogen via methane reforming using carbon dioxide. Strontium incorporation enhances specific surface area, the number of reducible species, and nickel dispersion. The catalytic performance results show that CeNiO 3 demonstrated higher initial CH 4 (54.3%) and CO 2 (64.8%) conversions, which dropped down to 13.1 and 19.2% (CH 4 conversions) and 26.3 and 32.5% (CO 2 conversions) for Ce 0.8 Sr 0.2 NiO 3 and Ce 0.6 Sr 0.4 NiO 3 , respectively. This drop in catalytic conversions post strontium addition is concomitant with strontium carbonate covering nickel active sites. Moreover, from the durability results, it is obvious that CeNiO 3 exhibited deactivation, whereas no deactivation was observed for Ce 0.8 Sr 0.2 NiO 3 and Ce 0.6 Sr 0.4 NiO 3 . Carbon deposition during the reaction is mainly responsible for catalyst deactivation, and this is further established by characterizing spent catalysts.
Keywords	perovskites ; Sr ; ceria ; H 2 ; syngas ; carbon deposition ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Synthesis of Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Fahad A. Alharthi / Alanood Sulaiman Ababtain / Hamdah S. Alanazi / Wedyan Saud Al-Nafaei / Imran Hasan

Inorganics, Vol 11, Iss 93, p

2023 Volume 93

Abstract: In this study, zinc vanadate/reduced graphene oxide (Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO) composite has been synthesized via a simple approach. Advanced characterization techniques (powder X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and ... ...

Abstract	In this study, zinc vanadate/reduced graphene oxide (Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO) composite has been synthesized via a simple approach. Advanced characterization techniques (powder X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy) have been used to authenticate the formation of Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO composite. Subsequently, Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO was applied as photo-catalyst for hydrogen generation using photo-catalysis. The Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO photo-catalyst exhibited a good hydrogen generation amount of 104.6 µmolg −1 . The Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO composite also demonstrates excellent cyclic stability which indicated better reusability of the photo-catalyst (Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO). This work proposes a new photo-catalyst for H 2 production application. We believe that the presence of synergistic interactions was responsible for the improved photo-catalytic properties of Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO composite. The Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO composite is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective photo-catalyst and can be used for photo-catalytic applications.
Keywords	zinc vanadate ; hydrogen production ; Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /rGO ; photo-catalyst ; Inorganic chemistry ; QD146-197
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: CuO Nanorods Immobilized Agar-Alginate Biopolymer

Akshara Bassi / Kushal Qanungo / Imran Hasan / Alanoud Abdullah Alshayiqi / Alanood Sulaiman Ababtain / Fahad A. Alharthi

Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 553, p

A Green Functional Material for Photocatalytic Degradation of Amaranth Dye

2023 Volume 553

Abstract: The contamination of water is increasing day by day due to the increase of urbanization and population. Textile industries contribute to this by discarding their waste directly into water streams without proper treatment. A recent study explores the ... ...

Abstract	The contamination of water is increasing day by day due to the increase of urbanization and population. Textile industries contribute to this by discarding their waste directly into water streams without proper treatment. A recent study explores the treatment potential of copper oxide nanorods (CuO NRs) synthesized on a green basis in the presence of a biopolymer matrix of agar (AA) and alginate (Alg), in terms of cost effectiveness and environmental impact. The synthesized bio nanocomposite (BNC) was characterized by using different instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra-violet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray-elemental analysis (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction pattern (SAED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical studies revealed that immobilization of CuO NRs with Alg-Agar biopolymer blend resulted in an increase in light absorption capacity by decreasing the energy bandgap from 2.53 eV to 2.37 eV. The bio nanocomposite was utilized as a photocatalyst for the degradation of amaranth (AN) dye from an aquatic environment under visible light irradiation. A statistical tool known as central composite design (CCD) associated with response surface methodology (RSM) was taken into consideration to evaluate the optimized values of process variables and their synergistic effect on photocatalytic efficiency. The optimized values of process variables were found to be irradiation time (45 min), AN concentration (80 ppm), catalyst dose (20 mg), and pH (4), resulting in 95.69% of dye degradation at 95% confidence level with desirability level 1. The rate of AN degradation was best defined by pseudo-first-order reaction based on the correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.99) suggesting the establishment of adsorption-desorption equilibrium initially at the catalyst surface then photogenerated • O 2 − radicals interacting with AN molecule to mineralize ...
Keywords	CuO nanorods ; box-cox transformation ; response surface methodology ; biopolymers ; photocatalytic degradation ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: In Situ Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ni 1−x Mn x WO 4 Nanoheterostructure for Enhanced Photodegradation of Methyl Orange

Imran Hasan / Mohammed Abdullah Albaeejan / Alanoud Abdullah Alshayiqi / Wedyan Saud Al-Nafaei / Fahad A. Alharthi

Molecules, Vol 28, Iss 1140, p

2023 Volume 1140

Abstract: The monoclinic nanocrystalline Ni 1−x Mn x WO 4 heterostructure has been successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal technique for achieving better sensitive and photocatalytic performances. Different characterization techniques such as X-ray ... ...

Abstract	The monoclinic nanocrystalline Ni 1−x Mn x WO 4 heterostructure has been successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal technique for achieving better sensitive and photocatalytic performances. Different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy have been employed to investigate their structural, microstructural, and optical properties. Mn-ion incorporation in the NiWO 4 lattice reduces the particle size of the sample compared with the pure undoped NiWO 4 sample, which has been confirmed from the transmission electron microscope image. The Tauc plot of the Ni 1−x Mn x WO 4 sample exhibits a significant decrease in bandgap energy compared with the pure undoped NiWO 4 sample due to the quantum confinement effect. Finally, the material was explored as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye from wastewater under visible light irradiation. Various reaction parameters such as pH, catalyst dose, reaction time, and kinetics of the photodegradation were studied using the batch method. The results showed that the Ni 1−x Mn x WO 4 is highly efficient (94.51%) compared with undoped NiWO 4 (65.45%). The rate of photodegradation by Ni 1–x Mn x WO 4 (0.067) was found to be 1.06 times higher than the undoped NiWO 4 (0.062).
Keywords	nanoheterostructure ; bandgap energy ; photocatalysis ; charge transfer ; reactive oxidants ; photoabsorbption ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Nano-Magnetic CaO/Fe 2 O 3 /Feldspar Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Oils

Maryam Hanif / Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti / Muhammad Asif Hanif / Umer Rashid / Bryan R. Moser / Asma Hanif / Fahad A. Alharthi

Catalysts, Vol 13, Iss 998, p

2023 Volume 998

Abstract: Production of biodiesel from edible vegetable oils using homogenous catalysts negatively impacts food availability and cost while generating significant amounts of caustic wastewater during purification. Thus, there is an urgent need to utilize low-cost, ...

Abstract	Production of biodiesel from edible vegetable oils using homogenous catalysts negatively impacts food availability and cost while generating significant amounts of caustic wastewater during purification. Thus, there is an urgent need to utilize low-cost, non-food feedstocks for the production of biodiesel using sustainable heterogeneous catalysis. The objective of this study was to synthesize a novel supported nano-magnetic catalyst (CaO/Fe 2 O 3 /feldspar) for the production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) from waste and low-cost plant seed oils, including Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard), Carthamus oxyacantha (wild safflower) and Pongamia pinnata (karanja). The structure, morphology, surface area, porosity, crystallinity, and magnetization of the nano-magnetic catalyst was confirmed using XRD, FESEM/EDX, BET, and VSM. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.6–99.9%) was achieved at 1.0 or 1.5 wt.% catalyst with methanol-to-oil molar ratios of 5:1 or 10:1 at 40 °C for 2 h. The CaO/Fe 2 O 3 /feldspar catalyst retained high activity for four consecutive cycles for conversion of karanja, wild mustard, and wild safflower oils. The effective separation of the catalyst from biodiesel was achieved using an external magnet. Various different physico-chemical parameters, such as pour point, density, cloud point, iodine value, acid value, and cetane number, were also determined for the optimized fuels and found to be within the ranges specified in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214, where applicable.
Keywords	biodiesel ; nano-magnetic catalyst ; feldspar ; transesterification ; waste oils ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Synthesis and Characterization of rGO@ZnO Nanocomposites for Esterification of Acetic Acid

Fahad A. Alharthi / Amjad Abdullah Alsyahi / Saad G. Alshammari / Hessah A. AL-Abdulkarim / Amal AlFawaz / Ali Alsalme

ACS Omega, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 2786-

2022 Volume 2797

Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Photocatalytic Degradation of the Light Sensitive Organic Dyes

Fahad A. Alharthi / Abdulaziz Ali Alghamdi / Hamdah S. Alanazi / Amjad Abdullah Alsyahi / Naushad Ahmad

Catalysts, Vol 10, Iss 1457, p

Methylene Blue and Rose Bengal by Using Urea Derived g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO Nanocomposites

2020 Volume 1457

Abstract: In this study, we report the fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride doped zinc oxide nanocomposites, g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO, (Zn-Us) by using different amount of urea. They were further characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we report the fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride doped zinc oxide nanocomposites, g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO, (Zn-Us) by using different amount of urea. They were further characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, UV-vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The prepared nanocomposites were used as photocatalysts for the mineralization of the light sensitive dyes Methylene Blue (MB) and Rose Bengal (RB) under UV light irradiation, and corresponding photo-mechanism was proposed. Benefiting from these photocatalytic characteristics, urea derived g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO photocatalysts have been found to have excellent photodegradation activity against the MB and RB for 6 h and 4 h, respectively. Under the given experimental conditions, the degradation percentage of fabricated Zn-Us were shown ~90% for both model dyes. Compared to cationic MB dye, anionic RB dye is more actively degraded on the surface of prepared photocatalysts. The results obtained can be effectively used for future practical applications in wastewater treatment
Keywords	Rose Bengal ; g-(C3N4) ; ZnO ; Methylene Blue ; UV-light ; photocatalytic degradation ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	669
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
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Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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