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Article ; Online: Sub-resolution contrast in neutral helium microscopy through facet scattering for quantitative imaging of nanoscale topographies on macroscopic surfaces.

Eder, Sabrina D / Fahy, Adam / Barr, Matthew G / Manson, J R / Holst, Bodil / Dastoor, Paul C

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 904

Abstract: Nanoscale thin film coatings and surface treatments are ubiquitous across industry, science, and engineering; imbuing specific functional or mechanical properties (such as corrosion resistance, lubricity, catalytic activity and electronic behaviour). Non- ...

Abstract	Nanoscale thin film coatings and surface treatments are ubiquitous across industry, science, and engineering; imbuing specific functional or mechanical properties (such as corrosion resistance, lubricity, catalytic activity and electronic behaviour). Non-destructive nanoscale imaging of thin film coatings across large (ca. centimetre) lateral length scales, crucial to a wide range of modern industry, remains a significant technical challenge. By harnessing the unique nature of the helium atom-surface interaction, neutral helium microscopy images these surfaces without altering the sample under investigation. Since the helium atom scatters exclusively from the outermost electronic corrugation of the sample, the technique is completely surface sensitive. Furthermore, with a cross-section that is orders of magnitude larger than that of electrons, neutrons and photons, the probe particle routinely interacts with features down to the scale of surface defects and small adsorbates (including hydrogen). Here, we highlight the capacity of neutral helium microscopy for sub-resolution contrast using an advanced facet scattering model based on nanoscale features. By replicating the observed scattered helium intensities, we demonstrate that sub-resolution contrast arises from the unique surface scattering of the incident probe. Consequently, it is now possible to extract quantitative information from the helium atom image, including localised ångström-scale variations in topography.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-36578-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Magnetically separable mesoporous alginate polymer beads assist adequate removal of aqueous methylene blue over broad solution pH

Hassan, Masud / Deb, Amal Kanti / Qi, Fangjie / Liu, Yanju / Du, Jianhua / Fahy, Adam / Ahsan, Md Ariful / Parikh, Sanjai J. / Naidu, Ravi

Journal of cleaner production. 2021 Oct. 15, v. 319

2021

Abstract: Adsorption is a promising technology for removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water system. In this study, magnetically separable mesoporous polymeric beads (NiZnFe₄O₄-HNT@alg) were synthesised for efficient removal of methylene ... ...

Abstract	Adsorption is a promising technology for removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water system. In this study, magnetically separable mesoporous polymeric beads (NiZnFe₄O₄-HNT@alg) were synthesised for efficient removal of methylene blue (MB, cationic dye) under broad solution pH (from pH 3.41 to pH 8.43). Alginate biopolymer were used to stabilize halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and nickel zinc iron oxide nanoparticles (NiZnFe₄O₄ < 100 nm). NiZnFe₄O₄ was incorporated onto the polymer beads to generate the adsorbents' magnetic properties and catalytic degradability. The adsorbent (NiZnFe₄O₄-HNT@alg) have higher surface area (122.43 m²/g), suitable mesoporosity (~6.68 nm), larger pore volume (0.11 cm³/g), and abundance of active sites, enabling high adsorption capacity (264 mg/g) of MB. The abundance of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and siloxane groups enabled cationic dye sorption through ionic interaction. The removal efficiency of MB was ~99% under a wide solution pH range from 10 mg/L of MB, in which the adsorbent dose was 2 g/L. Both Langmuir (R² = 0.99; p < 0.001) and Freundlich (R² = 0.99; p < 0.001) isotherm models fitted well, whereas trends of kinetics model fitting are pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.99) > intraparticle diffusion (R² = 0.93) > pseudo-first-order (R² = 0.87). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping demonstrated that MB has a co-distribution with silicon, aluminium, and alginate carbon phase but is limited with iron and nickel, indicating HNTs and alginate polymer performed as sorption sites, whereas NiZnFe₄O₄ performed as a catalyst. The presence (post-sorption) and absence (pre-sorption) of inorganic, total carbon or total organic carbon content at different solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration of MB demonstrated that the adsorbent act as a catalyst as well for degradation of MB. NiZnFe₄O₄-HNT@alg triggers efficient removal of MB with the assist of adsorption and catalytic degradation at broad solution pH. A comparison in removal of MB by various adsorbents including, biochars, clays, activated carbon, nanoparticles, polymers, nano composites, graphene oxides, carbon nanotubes, and polymer beads with the result of this study were performed, illustrating competitive sorption capacity of NiZnFe₄O₄-HNT@alg.
Keywords	adsorbents ; adsorption ; alginates ; aluminum ; biochar ; biopolymers ; carbon nanotubes ; catalysts ; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis ; graphene ; halloysite ; iron ; iron oxides ; magnetism ; methylene blue ; nickel ; pH ; porous media ; silicon ; soil ; surface area ; total organic carbon ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1015
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0959-6526
DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128694
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Taxonomy through the lens of neutral helium microscopy.

Myles, Thomas A / Eder, Sabrina D / Barr, Matthew G / Fahy, Adam / Martens, Joel / Dastoor, Paul C

Scientific reports

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 2148

Abstract: The field of taxonomy is critically important for the identification, conservation, and ecology of biological species. Modern taxonomists increasingly need to employ advanced imaging techniques to classify organisms according to their observed ... ...

Abstract	The field of taxonomy is critically important for the identification, conservation, and ecology of biological species. Modern taxonomists increasingly need to employ advanced imaging techniques to classify organisms according to their observed morphological features. Moreover, the generation of three-dimensional datasets is of growing interest; moving beyond qualitative analysis to true quantitative classification. Unfortunately, biological samples are highly vulnerable to degradation under the energetic probes often used to generate these datasets. Neutral atom beam microscopes avoid such damage due to the gentle nature of their low energy probe, but to date have not been capable of producing three-dimensional data. Here we demonstrate a means to recover the height information for samples imaged in the scanning helium microscope (SHeM) via the process of stereophotogrammetry. The extended capabilities, namely sparse three-dimensional reconstructions of features, were showcased via taxonomic studies of both flora (Arabidopsis thaliana) and fauna (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). In concert with the delicate nature of neutral helium atom beam microscopy, the stereophotogrammetry technique provides the means to derive comprehensive taxonomical data without the risk of sample degradation due to the imaging process.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arabidopsis/anatomy & histology ; Arabidopsis/classification ; Female ; Helium/chemistry ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/instrumentation ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods ; Sharks/anatomy & histology ; Sharks/classification
Chemical Substances	Helium (206GF3GB41)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-018-36373-5
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Article ; Online: Reduced Uranium Phases Produced from Anaerobic Reaction with Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron.

Tsarev, Sergey / Collins, Richard N / Fahy, Adam / Waite, T David

Environmental science & technology

2016 Volume 50, Issue 5, Page(s) 2595–2601

Abstract: Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has shown potential to be an effective remediation agent for uranium-contaminated subsurface environments, however, the nature of the reaction products and their formation kinetics have not been fully elucidated over a ... ...

Abstract	Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has shown potential to be an effective remediation agent for uranium-contaminated subsurface environments, however, the nature of the reaction products and their formation kinetics have not been fully elucidated over a range of environmentally relevant conditions. In this study, the oxygen-free reaction of U(VI) with varying quantities of nZVI was examined at pH 7 in the presence of both calcium and carbonate using a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that the structure of the reduced U solid phases was time dependent and largely influenced by the ratio of nZVI to U in the system. At the highest U:Fe molar ratio examined (1:4), nanoscale uraninite (UO2) was predominantly formed within 1 day of reaction. At lower U:Fe molar ratios (1:21), evidence was obtained for the formation of sorbed U(IV) and U(V) surface complexes which slowly transformed to UO2 nanoparticles that were stable for up to 1 year of anaerobic incubation. After 8 days of reaction at the lowest U:Fe molar ratio examined (1:110), sorbed U(IV) was still the major form of U associated with the solid phase. Regardless of the U:Fe molar ratio, the anaerobic corrosion of nZVI resulted in the slow formation of micron-sized fibrous chukanovite (Fe2(OH)2CO3) particles.
MeSH term(s)	Anaerobiosis ; Carbonates/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Environment ; Iron/chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/ultrastructure ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Uranium/chemistry ; Uranium/isolation & purification ; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Chemical Substances	Carbonates ; Uranium (4OC371KSTK) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.5b06160
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Reduced Uranium Phases Produced from Anaerobic Reaction with Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron

Tsarev, Sergey / Collins Richard N / Fahy Adam / Waite T. David

Environmental Science & Technology. 2016 Mar. 01, v. 50, no. 5

2016

Abstract	Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has shown potential to be an effective remediation agent for uranium-contaminated subsurface environments, however, the nature of the reaction products and their formation kinetics have not been fully elucidated over a range of environmentally relevant conditions. In this study, the oxygen-free reaction of U(VI) with varying quantities of nZVI was examined at pH 7 in the presence of both calcium and carbonate using a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that the structure of the reduced U solid phases was time dependent and largely influenced by the ratio of nZVI to U in the system. At the highest U:Fe molar ratio examined (1:4), nanoscale uraninite (UOâ) was predominantly formed within 1 day of reaction. At lower U:Fe molar ratios (1:21), evidence was obtained for the formation of sorbed U(IV) and U(V) surface complexes which slowly transformed to UOâ nanoparticles that were stable for up to 1 year of anaerobic incubation. After 8 days of reaction at the lowest U:Fe molar ratio examined (1:110), sorbed U(IV) was still the major form of U associated with the solid phase. Regardless of the U:Fe molar ratio, the anaerobic corrosion of nZVI resulted in the slow formation of micron-sized fibrous chukanovite (Feâ(OH)âCOâ) particles.
Keywords	corrosion ; iron ; nanoparticles ; pH ; remediation ; transmission electron microscopy ; uranium ; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ; X-ray diffraction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0301
Size	p. 2595-2601.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021%2Facs.est.5b06160
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Article ; Online: Roll-to-roll solvent annealing of printed P3HT : IC

Hart, Andrew S / Andersen, Thomas R / Griffith, Matthew J / Fahy, Adam / Vaughan, Ben / Belcher, Warwick J / Dastoor, Paul C

RSC advances

2019 Volume 9, Issue 72, Page(s) 42294–42305

Abstract: Currently, large-scale roll-to-roll production of printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) involves high temperature annealing steps that are not compatible with thermally sensitive substrates, such as coated fabrics. In particular, the processing ... ...

Abstract	Currently, large-scale roll-to-roll production of printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) involves high temperature annealing steps that are not compatible with thermally sensitive substrates, such as coated fabrics. In particular, the processing temperatures needed to produce the required crystalline ordering in the printed films are typically above the deformation and melting-points of these substrates. In this paper we investigate the use of local solvent recrystallisation (solvent annealing) on the roll-to-roll scale as a method for avoiding high-temperature thermal annealing. Solvent annealing was performed by slot-die coating a mixture of chloroform and methanol over a previously printed P3HT IC
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2046-2069
ISSN (online)	2046-2069
DOI	10.1039/c9ra08826a
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Article: Roll-to-roll solvent annealing of printed P3HT : ICXA devices

Hart, Andrew S / Andersen, Thomas R / Griffith, Matthew J / Fahy, Adam / Vaughan, Ben / Belcher, Warwick J / Dastoor, Paul C

RSC advances. 2019 Dec. 20, v. 9, no. 72

2019

Abstract	Currently, large-scale roll-to-roll production of printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) involves high temperature annealing steps that are not compatible with thermally sensitive substrates, such as coated fabrics. In particular, the processing temperatures needed to produce the required crystalline ordering in the printed films are typically above the deformation and melting-points of these substrates. In this paper we investigate the use of local solvent recrystallisation (solvent annealing) on the roll-to-roll scale as a method for avoiding high-temperature thermal annealing. Solvent annealing was performed by slot-die coating a mixture of chloroform and methanol over a previously printed P3HT ICXA active layer film. Peak device performance was found for the 30% chloroform/70% methanol annealing case which increased device performance by a factor of 4 over the not treated devices.
Keywords	annealing ; chloroform ; coatings ; crystallization ; deformation ; fabrics ; melting point ; methanol ; solar energy ; solvents ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1220
Size	p. 42294-42305.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ISSN	2046-2069
DOI	10.1039/c9ra08826a
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Manipulating the orientation of an organic adsorbate on silicon: a NEXAFS study of acetophenone on Si(0 0 1).

O'Donnell, Kane M / Warschkow, Oliver / Suleman, Asif / Fahy, Adam / Thomsen, Lars / Schofield, Steven R

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal

2015 Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) 54002

Abstract: We investigate the chemical and structural configuration of acetophenone on Si(0 0 1) using synchrotron radiation core-level spectroscopy techniques and density functional theory calculations. Samples were prepared by vapour phase dosing of clean Si(0 0 ... ...

Abstract	We investigate the chemical and structural configuration of acetophenone on Si(0 0 1) using synchrotron radiation core-level spectroscopy techniques and density functional theory calculations. Samples were prepared by vapour phase dosing of clean Si(0 0 1) surfaces with acetophenone in ultrahigh vacuum. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were made at room temperature as a function of coverage density and post-deposition anneal temperature. We show that the dominant room temperature adsorption structure lies flat on the substrate, while moderate thermal annealing induces the breaking of Si-C bonds between the phenyl ring and the surface resulting in the reorientation of the adsorbate into an upright configuration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472968-4
ISSN	1361-648X ; 0953-8984
ISSN (online)	1361-648X
ISSN	0953-8984
DOI	10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/054002
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Article: Unravelling donor–acceptor film morphology formation for environmentally-friendly OPV ink formulations

Holmes, Natalie P / Barr, Matthew G / Dastoor, Paul C / Fahy, Adam / Kilcoyne, A. L. David / Marcus, Matthew A / Moons, Ellen / Munday, Holly / Thomsen, Lars / van Stam, Jan

Green chemistry. 2019 Sept. 16, v. 21, no. 18

2019

Abstract: The challenge of coating organic photovoltaics (OPV) from green solvents is to achieve the required nanostructured interpenetrating network of donor and acceptor domains based on a rational choice of solvent approach as opposed to the usual trial-and- ... ...

Abstract	The challenge of coating organic photovoltaics (OPV) from green solvents is to achieve the required nanostructured interpenetrating network of donor and acceptor domains based on a rational choice of solvent approach as opposed to the usual trial-and-error methods. We demonstrate here that we can achieve a bicontinuous interpenetrating network with nanoscale phase separation for the chosen donor–acceptor material system poly[2,3-bis-(3-octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-alt-thiophene-2,5-diyl]:phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (TQ1:PC61BM) when processing from green solvent ink formulations. This structure is achieved by first calculating the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) of the donor and acceptor materials, followed by careful choice of solvents with selective relative solubilities for the two materials based on the desired order of precipitation necessary for forming a nanostructured interdigitated network morphology. We found that the relative distances in Hansen space (Ra) between TQ1 and the primary solvent, on the one hand, and PC61BM and the primary solvent, on the other hand, could be correlated to the donor–acceptor morphology for the formulations based on the solvents d-limonene, anisole, and 2-methyl anisole, as well as the halogenated reference solvent o-dichlorobenzene. This nanostructured blend film morphology was characterised with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the film surface composition was analysed by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Hansen solubility theory, based on solution thermodynamics, has been used and we propose an HSP-based method that is a general platform for the rational design of ink formulations for solution-based organic electronics, in particular facilitating the green solvent transition of organic photovoltaics. Our results show that the bulk heterojunction morphology for a donor–acceptor system processed from customised solvent mixtures can be predicted by the HSP-based method with good reliability.
Keywords	butyric acid ; coatings ; DCB (herbicide) ; electronics ; green chemistry ; limonene ; separation ; solar energy ; solubility ; solvents ; thermodynamics ; transmission electron microscopy ; X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0916
Size	p. 5090-5103.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2006274-6
ISSN	1463-9270 ; 1463-9262
ISSN (online)	1463-9270
ISSN	1463-9262
DOI	10.1039/c9gc02288k
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Article ; Online: Improved field emission stability from single-walled carbon nanotubes chemically attached to silicon.

Shearer, Cameron J / Fahy, Adam / Barr, Matthew / Dastoor, Paul C / Shapter, Joseph G

Nanoscale research letters

2012 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 432

Abstract: Here, we demonstrate the simple fabrication of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) field emission electrode which shows excellent field emission characteristics and remarkable field emission stability without requiring posttreatment. Chemically ... ...

Abstract	Here, we demonstrate the simple fabrication of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) field emission electrode which shows excellent field emission characteristics and remarkable field emission stability without requiring posttreatment. Chemically functionalized SWCNTs were chemically attached to a silicon substrate. The chemical attachment led to vertical alignment of SWCNTs on the surface. Field emission sweeps and Fowler-Nordheim plots showed that the Si-SWCNT electrodes field emit with a low turn-on electric field of 1.5 V μm-1 and high electric field enhancement factor of 3,965. The Si-SWCNT electrodes were shown to maintain a current density of >740 μA cm-2 for 15 h with negligible change in applied voltage. The results indicate that adhesion strength between the SWCNTs and substrate is a much greater factor in field emission stability than previously reported.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253244-4
ISSN	1556-276X ; 1556-276X
ISSN (online)	1556-276X
ISSN	1556-276X
DOI	10.1186/1556-276X-7-432
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