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Article ; Online: Rising Antimicrobial Resistance in Pakistan, a call for an urgent action

Faisal Rasheed / Sameer Almas

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol 73, Iss

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Madam, Antibiotic resistance is a growing global concern. Pakistan is a developing nation in South Asia with a high rate of antibiotic resistance, posing a serious concern on a global and regional scale1 In Pakistan in recent years, both extensively drug- ...

Abstract	Madam, Antibiotic resistance is a growing global concern. Pakistan is a developing nation in South Asia with a high rate of antibiotic resistance, posing a serious concern on a global and regional scale1 In Pakistan in recent years, both extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multi-drug-resistant. (MDR) microorganisms have been found2.From January 2017 to June 2021, a total of 14,360. XDR-TF cases were reported in Karachi, according to the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad's Weekly Field Epidemiological Report2.Only three antimicrobials: azithromycin, carbapenems, and tigecycline(parenteral) are effective against the XDR strains3. However, after Covid-19, the misuse of Azithromycin has increased manifold, which is worrisome. Pakistani public’s lack of awareness about the harms of antibiotic self-prescription and the widespread presence of quacks in the society has posed a great threat to rational use of antimicrobials4. According to a cross-sectional survey of pharmacy staff’s opinion ,approximately 81.5% of participants declared that dispensing non-prescribed antibiotics is a common practice in community pharmacies, and 51.1% considered themselves to be authorized to dispense these drugs5. The chicken industry of Pakistan is excessively using important antimicrobials in their bird feed6. According to a surveillance survey done in 2019 in Pakistan; among the antimicrobials used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes in animals; colistin, tylosin, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline were the most frequently used6.This calls for an urgent action in Pakistan to prevent a public health crisis. It is a dire need of the hour to implement the National Drug Policy (NDP) of Pakistan. There should be a national action plan on how to curb this menace of the misuse of therapeutically important antimicrobials in Pakistan. Special units should be devised by Drug regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) and The Ministry of Health (MoH) to rein back those chemist stores involved in selling of prescription only ...
Keywords	Antibiotic resistance ; Misuse ; Self-presciption ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pakistan Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Gastric Cancer Pre-Stage Detection and Early Diagnosis of Gastritis Using Serum Protein Signatures

Shahid Aziz / Faisal Rasheed / Rabaab Zahra / Simone König

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 2857, p

2022 Volume 2857

Abstract: Background: A gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis relies on histopathology. Endoscopy rates are increasing. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major GC risk factor. In an effort to elucidate abundant blood biomarkers, and potentially reduce the number of ... ...

Abstract	Background: A gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis relies on histopathology. Endoscopy rates are increasing. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major GC risk factor. In an effort to elucidate abundant blood biomarkers, and potentially reduce the number of diagnostic surgical interventions, we investigated sera and biopsies from a cohort of 219 H. pylori positive and negative patients diagnosed with GC, gastritis, and ulcers. This allowed the comparative investigation of the different gastroduodenal diseases, and the exclusion of protein changes resulting from bacterial infection or inflammation of the gastric mucosa when searching for GC-dependent proteins. Methods: High-definition mass spectrometry-based expression analysis of tryptically digested proteins was performed, followed by multivariate statistical and network analyses for the different disease groups, with respect to H. pylori infection status. Significantly regulated proteins differing more than two-fold between groups were shortlisted, and their role in gastritis and GC discussed. Results: We present data of comparative protein analyses of biopsies and sera from patients suffering from mild to advanced gastritis, ulcers, and early to advanced GC, in conjunction with a wealth of metadata, clinical information, histopathological evaluation, and H. pylori infection status. We used samples from pre-malignant stages to extract prospective serum markers for early-stage GC, and present a 29-protein marker panel containing, amongst others, integrin β-6 and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, ten serum markers specific for advanced GC, independent of H. pylori infection, are provided. They include CRP, protein S100A9, and kallistatin. The majority of these proteins were previously discussed in the context of cancer or GC. In addition, we detected hypoalbuminemia and increased fibrinogen serum levels in gastritis. Conclusion: Two protein panels were suggested for the development of multiplex tests for GC serum diagnostics. For most of the elements contained in ...
Keywords	Helicobacter pylori ; gastric cancer ; ulcer ; gastritis ; proteomics ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Dynamic Impact of Financial Globalization, Environmental Innovations and Energy Productivity on Renewable Energy Consumption

Abdul Majeed / Mahmood Ahmad / Muhammad Faisal Rasheed / Muhammad Kaleem Khan / József Popp / Judit Oláh

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

Evidence From Advanced Panel Techniques

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Attaining cleaner production is a major challenge for BRICS economies. In this context, this study explores the effect of financial globalization on renewable energy consumption in BRICS economies from 1990 to 2018. It is probably the first research to ... ...

Abstract	Attaining cleaner production is a major challenge for BRICS economies. In this context, this study explores the effect of financial globalization on renewable energy consumption in BRICS economies from 1990 to 2018. It is probably the first research to study the linkage between financial globalization and renewable energy consumption. Therefore, this research adds to the current literature by presenting new empiric evidence on how financial globalization, in conjunction with environmental innovations, energy productivity, energy prices, and economic growth, affect renewable energy consumption in BRICS economies. In doing so, this research utilized novel econometric methods such as continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and continuously updated bias-corrected (CUP-BC) techniques to evaluate the long-run results. The empirical findings show that financial globalization, environmental innovation, energy productivity, and energy prices promote renewable energy consumption. In contrast, economic growth impedes renewable energy consumption. This study suggests that governments and policymakers in BRICS countries should consider financial globalization and the increasing role of environmental innovations to increase the renewable energy share, which can be the appropriate solutions to the environmental challenges and achieve the Paris Climate Agreement’s goals. BRICS economies require speeding up permits for renewable energy projects, raising tax credits, including substantially more grants and loans, extending timelines for pandemic-affected projects, and investing directly in emerging clean energy sources.
Keywords	financial globalization ; environmental innovation ; CUP-FM ; CUP-BC ; renewable energy consumption (REC) ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	690 ; 339
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Microbial Proteins in Stomach Biopsies Associated with Gastritis, Ulcer, and Gastric Cancer

Shahid Aziz / Faisal Rasheed / Tayyab Saeed Akhter / Rabaab Zahra / Simone König

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 5410, p

2022 Volume 5410

Abstract: 1) Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor, but other microbial species may also be involved. In the context of an earlier proteomics study of ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor, but other microbial species may also be involved. In the context of an earlier proteomics study of serum and biopsies of patients with gastroduodenal diseases, we explored here a simplified microbiome in these biopsies ( H. pylori , Acinetobacter baumannii , Escherichia coli , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Bacteroides fragilis ) on the protein level. (2) Methods: A cohort of 75 patients was divided into groups with respect to the findings of the normal gastric mucosa (NGM) and gastroduodenal disorders such as gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer (GC). The H. pylori infection status was determined. The protein expression analysis of the biopsy samples was carried out using high-definition mass spectrometry of the tryptic digest (label-free data-independent quantification and statistical analysis). (3) Results: The total of 304 bacterial protein matches were detected based on two or more peptide hits. Significantly regulated microbial proteins like virulence factor type IV secretion system protein CagE from H. pylori were found with more abundance in gastritis than in GC or NGM. This finding could reflect the increased microbial involvement in mucosa inflammation in line with current hypotheses. Abundant proteins across species were heat shock proteins and elongation factors. (4) Conclusions: Next to the bulk of human proteins, a number of species-specific bacterial proteins were detected in stomach biopsies of patients with gastroduodenal diseases, some of which, like those expressed by the cag pathogenicity island, may provide gateways to disease prevention without antibacterial intervention in order to reduce antibiotic resistance.
Keywords	gastric cancer ; gastritis ; ulcer ; proteomics ; Helicobacter pylori ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Polyphenolic characterization and evaluation of multimode antioxidant, cytotoxic, biocompatibility and antimicrobial potential of selected ethno-medicinal plant extracts

Sania Atta / Durdana Waseem / Iffat Naz / Faisal Rasheed / Abdul Rehman Phull / Tofeeq Ur-Rehman / Nadeem Irshad / Parveen Amina / Humaira Fatima

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol 16, Iss 2, Pp 104474- (2023)

1480

Abstract: Introduction: Scientific evidence about biological profile of natural products can support their traditional uses. The current work was aimed to assess phytochemical and biological profile of nine medicinal plants collected from Herbalists. Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Scientific evidence about biological profile of natural products can support their traditional uses. The current work was aimed to assess phytochemical and biological profile of nine medicinal plants collected from Herbalists. Methods: Extracts prepared in different solvents were subjected to phytochemical, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis was performed for the quantification of polyphenols. Results: Results showed methanol extract (M) being potent as compared to others. Gentian lutea M showed maximum extract recovery (15.00 ± 0.11 % w/w) and TFC (30.82 ± 0.21 μg QE/mg extract). Nigella sativa M displayed highest TPC (44.99 ± 0.43 μg GAE/mg extract) and TAC (334.72 ± 0.35 μg AAE/ mg extract). Results showed noteworthy quantities of vanillic acid, rutin, kaempferol, emodin in ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (M) extracts of plants assessed by RP-HPLC. Gentisic acid was highest (11.75 µg/mg extract) in T. arjuna M extract. Similarly, maximum %FRSA (82.28 ± 0.03 %) and TRP (160.40 ± 0.38 μg AAE/ mg extract) were depicted by Terminalia chebula and Chamomilla recutita, respectively. Moreover, Mentha longifolia and G. lutea M demonstrated noteworthy (p < 0.05) antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (14 ± 0.7 mm) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12 ± 0.3 mm), respectively. Curcuma amada, C. recutita, Murraya koenigii and G. lutea M had significant α-glucosidase activity. Another good solvent for extraction was ethyl acetate (EA), whose extracts were secondary to methanol in producing significant biological profile. For example, EA of N. sativa (TPC: 1.46 ± 0.45 µg GAE/ mg extract), G. lutea (TRP: 160.33 ± 0.52 μg AAE/mg extract: ZOI of 12 ± 0.5 mm in K. pneumoniae) and Mormodica charantia (α-amylase inhibition: 39.5 ± 0.10 %) showed significant bioactivities. All extracts displayed mild antifungal protein kinase inhibition activities and were significantly (greater than80 %: p < ...
Keywords	Natural products ; Phytoconstituents ; Antioxidant ; Antibacterial ; Antidiabetic potential ; Cytotoxic activity ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): new challenges and new responsibilities in developing countries.

Anjum, Faisal Rasheed / Anam, Sidra / Rahman, Sajjad Ur

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

2020 Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) 2370–2372

Abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which belongs to the genus Coronaviridae with its high mutation rate. From the current perspective, we discuss the current status of COVID-19, new challenges, and potential ... ...

Abstract	Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which belongs to the genus Coronaviridae with its high mutation rate. From the current perspective, we discuss the current status of COVID-19, new challenges, and potential interventions to control the pandemic in developing counties such as Pakistan.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/genetics ; COVID-19 ; Contact Tracing ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Pakistan ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Psychological Distance ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Isolation ; Vaccination ; Viral Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Viral Vaccines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2664176-8
ISSN	2164-554X ; 2164-5515
ISSN (online)	2164-554X
ISSN	2164-5515
DOI	10.1080/21645515.2020.1766939
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Article ; Online: Comparative Study of Protection against Newcastle Disease in Young Broilers Administered Natural Chicken Alpha Interferon via Oral and Intramuscular Routes.

Anjum, Faisal Rasheed / Rahman, Sajjad Ur / Aslam, Muhammad Aamir / Qureshi, Anas Sarwar

mSphere

2020 Volume 5, Issue 4

Abstract: Despite extensive vaccination approaches, Newcastle disease (ND) remains a permanent threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Besides vaccination, there is a burgeoning demand for new antivirals for use in interventions to control ND. One strategy is to ...

Abstract	Despite extensive vaccination approaches, Newcastle disease (ND) remains a permanent threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Besides vaccination, there is a burgeoning demand for new antivirals for use in interventions to control ND. One strategy is to strengthen the host innate immunity via host-derived innate immune proteins. Type I interferons define one of the first lines of innate immune defense against viral infections. Chicken interferon alpha (chIFN-α) is one of the potent cytokines that trigger antiviral responses. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of natural chIFN-α administered via oral and intramuscular (i.m.) routes against ND in broiler chickens. Our results showed that the level of protection against ND in response to chIFN-α therapy was dependent on the route and dose of IFN administration. A better therapeutic effect was observed in chickens treated with chIFN-α via the oral route than in those treated via the i.m. route. Regardless of the administration route, double-dose chIFN-α (2,000-U) treatments provided better protection than single-dose (1,000-U) treatments. However, complete protection against ND was achieved in birds treated with repeated doses of chIFN-α via the oral route. Histopathology of trachea, proventriculus, spleen, and liver showed a significant improvement in ND-induced degenerative changes in double-dose IFN-treatment groups compared to single-dose groups. Results of the hemagglutination test demonstrated a decrease in ND virus (NDV) titer in IFN-treated groups. Also, double doses of chIFN-α via oral route resulted in early recovery in weight gain. We propose that chIFN-α therapy via oral route could be an important therapeutic tool to control NDV infection in chicken.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chickens/virology ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage ; Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use ; Newcastle Disease/prevention & control ; Newcastle Disease/therapy ; Newcastle disease virus/drug effects ; Newcastle disease virus/immunology ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; Virus Shedding/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Immunologic Factors ; Interferon-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2379-5042
ISSN (online)	2379-5042
DOI	10.1128/mSphere.00585-20
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): new challenges and new responsibilities in developing countries

Anjum, Faisal Rasheed / Anam, Sidra / Rahman, Sajjad Ur

Hum Vaccin Immunother

Abstract	Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which belongs to the genus Coronaviridae with its high mutation rate. From the current perspective, we discuss the current status of COVID-19, new challenges, and potential interventions to control the pandemic in developing counties such as Pakistan.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #532597
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Anjum, Faisal Rasheed / Anam, Sidra / Rahman, Sajjad Ur

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

new challenges and new responsibilities in developing countries

2020 Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) 2370–2372

Keywords	Immunology ; Immunology and Allergy ; Pharmacology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Informa UK Limited
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2664176-8
ISSN	2164-554X ; 2164-5515
ISSN (online)	2164-554X
ISSN	2164-5515
DOI	10.1080/21645515.2020.1766939
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Comprehensive network map of transcriptional activation of chicken type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes

Anjum, Faisal Rasheed / Rahman, Sajjad Ur / Aslam, Muhammad Aamir / Qureshi, Anas Sarwar

Comparative immunology, microbiology, and infectious diseases. 2020 Feb., v. 68

2020

Abstract: Chicken type I interferons (type I IFNs) are key antiviral players of the chicken immune system and mediate the first line of defense against viral pathogens infecting the avian species. Recognition of viral pathogens by specific pattern recognition ... ...

Abstract	Chicken type I interferons (type I IFNs) are key antiviral players of the chicken immune system and mediate the first line of defense against viral pathogens infecting the avian species. Recognition of viral pathogens by specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induce chicken type I IFNs expression followed by their subsequent interaction to IFN receptors and induction of a variety of IFN stimulated antiviral proteins. These antiviral effectors establish the antiviral state in neighboring cells and thus protect the host from infection. Three subtypes of chicken type I IFNs; chIFN-α, chIFN-β, and a recently discovered chIFN-κ have been identified and characterized in chicken. Chicken type I IFNs are activated by various host cell pathways and constitute a major antiviral innate defense in chicken. This review will help to understand the chicken type 1 IFNs, host cellular pathways that are involved in activation of chicken type I IFNs and IFN stimulated antiviral effectors along with the gaps in knowledge which will be important for future investigation. These findings will help us to comprehend the role of chicken type I IFNs and to develop different strategies for controlling viral infection in poultry.
Keywords	antiviral proteins ; chickens ; genes ; immune system ; interferons ; pathogens ; poultry diseases ; receptors ; transcriptional activation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	436522-7
ISSN	1878-1667 ; 0147-9571
ISSN (online)	1878-1667
ISSN	0147-9571
DOI	10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101407
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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