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  1. Article ; Online: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in the Growth of Cervical Cancer Cells.

    Willson, Conner M / Lequio, Marco / Zhu, Ziwen / Wakefield, Mark R / Bai, Qian / Fajardo, Emerson / Xiao, Huaping / Leung, Samuel / Fang, Yujiang

    Anticancer research

    2024  Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 1807–1815

    Abstract: Background/aim: Recently developed vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus utilize endogenous production of the virus' spike protein (SP), allowing the host to develop an immune response. As a result of the novelty of this virus and its vaccines, little is ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim: Recently developed vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus utilize endogenous production of the virus' spike protein (SP), allowing the host to develop an immune response. As a result of the novelty of this virus and its vaccines, little is known overall about the potential effects of the SP on the pathogenesis of neoplasia, either from vaccination or from infection. This study was designed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 SP has any direct effect on SiHa cervical cancer cells.
    Materials and methods: The effects of SARS-CoV-2 SP on cervical cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by using clonogenic cell survival assay, quick cell proliferation assay, and caspase-3 activity kits in a widely-used cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were also performed to determine the potential molecular mechanisms.
    Results: The growth and proliferation of SiHa cancer cells were inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 SP. SARS-CoV-2 SP also induced apoptosis in SiHa cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of SARS-CoV-2 SP on SiHa cancer cells was associated with the up-regulation of the anti-proliferative molecule p53. The pro-apoptotic effect of SARS-CoV-2 SP on SiHa cells was associated with the up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic molecule TRAIL.
    Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 SP inhibits the growth of cervical cancer via up-regulation of p53 and TRAIL. Further studies are needed to elaborate on the potential effects of the SARS-CoV-2 SP on other cancer cell lines and normal physiological cell lines for comparison.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism ; Female ; Cell Proliferation ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Caspase 3/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-27
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604549-2
    ISSN 1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
    ISSN (online) 1791-7530
    ISSN 0250-7005
    DOI 10.21873/anticanres.16982
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1642: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibits growth of prostate cancer: a potential role of the COVID-19 vaccine killing two birds with one stone.

    Johnson, Bradley D / Zhu, Ziwen / Lequio, Marco / Powers, Coby G D / Bai, Qian / Xiao, Huaping / Fajardo, Emerson / Wakefield, Mark R / Fang, Yujiang

    Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) 32

    Abstract: To investigate the effects of isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on prostate cancer cell survival. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on LNCaP prostate cancer cell survival were assessed using clonogenic cell survival assay, quick cell proliferation ... ...

    Abstract To investigate the effects of isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on prostate cancer cell survival. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on LNCaP prostate cancer cell survival were assessed using clonogenic cell survival assay, quick cell proliferation assay, and caspase-3 activity kits. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was found to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation as well as promote apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that anti-proliferative effects were associated with downregulation of the pro-proliferative molecule cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). The increased rate of apoptosis was associated with the upregulation of pro-apoptotic molecule Fas ligand (FasL). SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibits the growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro by a two-pronged approach of downregulating the expression of CDK4 and upregulating FasL. The introduction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into the body via COVID-19 vaccination may have the potential to inhibit prostate cancer in patients. This potential beneficial association between COVID-19 vaccines and prostate cancer inhibition will require more extensive studies before any conclusions can be drawn about any in vivo effects in a human model.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Apoptosis/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/physiology ; Cell Survival/immunology ; Down-Regulation/immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Up-Regulation/immunology ; Vaccination/methods
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201189-7
    ISSN 1559-131X ; 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
    ISSN (online) 1559-131X
    ISSN 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
    DOI 10.1007/s12032-021-01628-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1899: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: The past, present, and future of immunotherapy for bladder tumors.

    Schneider, Theresa / Zhao, Lei / Zhu, Ziwen / Gabrielyan, Gagik / Xiao, Huaping / Fajardo, Emerson D / Bai, Qian / Wakefield, Mark R / Fang, Yujiang

    Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 12, Page(s) 236

    Abstract: Bladder cancer is a prominent cancer worldwide with a relatively low survival rate for patients with increased stage and metastasis. Current treatments are based on surgical removal, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Immunotherapy, and platinum-based ... ...

    Abstract Bladder cancer is a prominent cancer worldwide with a relatively low survival rate for patients with increased stage and metastasis. Current treatments are based on surgical removal, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Immunotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, treatment resistance due to genetic instability of bladder tumors, as well as intolerance to treatment adverse effects leads to the necessity to further treatment options. New advancements in immunotherapy are on the rise for treatment of various cancers and specifically has shown promise in the treatment of bladder cancer. This review summarizes these new advancements in treatment options involving cytokines and cytokine blockade. Such a study might be helpful for urologists to manage patients with bladder cancer more effectively.
    MeSH term(s) BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Immunotherapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
    Chemical Substances BCG Vaccine ; Cytokines ; Immunologic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1201189-7
    ISSN 1559-131X ; 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
    ISSN (online) 1559-131X
    ISSN 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
    DOI 10.1007/s12032-022-01828-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1899: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: Artichoke as a melanoma growth inhibitor.

    Mathew, Annette M / Deng, Zuliang / Nelson, Christian J / Mayberry, Trenton G / Bai, Qian / Lequio, Marco / Fajardo, Emerson / Xiao, Huaping / Wakefield, Mark R / Fang, Yujiang

    Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 9, Page(s) 262

    Abstract: Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancers. About 97,610 new cases of melanoma are projected to occur in the United States (US) in 2023. Artichoke is a very popular plant widely consumed in the US due to its nutrition. In recent years, it has ...

    Abstract Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancers. About 97,610 new cases of melanoma are projected to occur in the United States (US) in 2023. Artichoke is a very popular plant widely consumed in the US due to its nutrition. In recent years, it has been shown that artichoke shows powerful anti-cancer effects on cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and leukemia. However, there is little known about its effect on melanoma. This study was designed to investigate if artichoke extract (AE) has any direct effect on the growth of melanoma. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects AE has on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of the widely studied melanoma cell line HTB-72. We further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of colonies of HTB-72 melanoma cells decreased significantly after treated with AE. This was paralleled with the decrease in the optic density (OD) value of cancer cells after treatment with AE. This was further supported by the decreased expression of PCNA mRNA after treated with AE. Furthermore, the cellular caspase-3 activity increased after treated with AE. The anti-proliferative effect of AE on melanoma cells correlated with increased p21, p27, and decreased CDK4. The pro-apoptotic effect of AE on melanoma cells correlated with decreased survivin. Artichoke inhibits growth of melanoma by inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. Such a study might be helpful to develop a new promising treatment for melanoma.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cynara scolymus/metabolism ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Melanoma/drug therapy ; Melanoma/pathology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation
    Chemical Substances Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Growth Inhibitors ; 4-trifluoromethylsalicylic acid (328-90-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201189-7
    ISSN 1559-131X ; 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
    ISSN (online) 1559-131X
    ISSN 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
    DOI 10.1007/s12032-023-02077-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1899: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Harnessing the Power of Kiwifruit for Radiosensitization of Melanoma.

    Kou, Leon / Zhu, Ziwen / Fajardo, Emerson / Bai, Qian / Redington, Chase / Xiao, Huaping / Lequio, Marco / Sham, Nelson / Wakefield, Mark R / Fang, Yujiang

    Anticancer research

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 12, Page(s) 5945–5951

    Abstract: Background: Melanoma is the deadliest variant of skin cancer and its incidence continues to increase. There are limited treatment options for advanced and metastatic cases of melanoma, despite advances in immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Melanoma is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Melanoma is the deadliest variant of skin cancer and its incidence continues to increase. There are limited treatment options for advanced and metastatic cases of melanoma, despite advances in immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Melanoma is notorious as a radioresistant tumor. Previous studies found that phytochemicals, such as resveratrol and those found in green tea and blueberry, can sensitize various cancer cells, including melanoma, to radiotherapy. Our previous study also revealed that kiwifruit extract (KE) has antitumor activity to melanoma cells. This study was designed to expand upon our previous investigation and determine KE's potential as a radiosensitizer on CRL-11147 melanoma cancer cells and elucidate the possible mechanisms behind its potential.
    Materials and methods: Proliferation and apoptosis of CRL-11147 melanoma cells under radiation therapy (RT) plus KE versus RT alone were investigated using Proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining, quick cell proliferation assay, clonogenic assay, and caspase-3 activity assay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were then used to investigate the mechanisms behind the observed results.
    Results: The percentage of CRL-11147 colonies, PCNA staining intensity, and the optic density value of CRL-11147 cells decreased with RT/KE vs. RT alone. Relative caspase-3 activity was increased with RT/KE vs. RT alone. Increased expression of the anti-proliferative molecule p27 and pro-apoptotic molecule TRAILR1 correlated with the anti-tumor effect seen in the RT/KE group versus the RT alone group.
    Conclusion: KE augments radiosensitivity of CRL-11147 by up-regulating both p27 and TRAILR1 to inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis, respectively.
    MeSH term(s) Actinidia/chemistry ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Fruit/chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Melanoma/genetics ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/chemistry ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Plant Extracts ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-30
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604549-2
    ISSN 1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
    ISSN (online) 1791-7530
    ISSN 0250-7005
    DOI 10.21873/anticanres.15413
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1642: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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