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Article ; Online: Effect of heat treatment on protein quality of rapeseed protein isolate compared with non-heated rapeseed isolate, soy and whey protein isolates, and rice and pea protein concentrates.

Bailey, Hannah M / Fanelli, Natalia S / Stein, Hans H

Journal of the science of food and agriculture

2023 Volume 103, Issue 14, Page(s) 7251–7259

Abstract: Background: Rapeseed protein isolate is used in the food industry, and heating is often used during rapeseed processing. However, the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for heat-treated rapeseed protein isolate is unknown. The present ... ...

Abstract	Background: Rapeseed protein isolate is used in the food industry, and heating is often used during rapeseed processing. However, the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for heat-treated rapeseed protein isolate is unknown. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that heating rapeseed protein isolate improves protein quality resulting in DIAAS that is greater than for pea and rice protein concentrates, and comparable to that of soy and whey protein isolates. Results: Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), except leucine and methionine, was not different between heat-treated rapeseed protein isolate and soy protein isolate, but SID of most AA was greater (P < 0.001) for heat-treated rapeseed protein isolate than for brown rice protein concentrate, pea protein concentrate, rapeseed protein isolate and soy protein isolate, but not whey protein isolate. Non-heated rapeseed protein isolate had a reduced (P < 0.001) DIAAS for 6-month-old to 3-year-old children compared with soy protein isolate, but this was greater (P < 0.001) than for pea and brown rice protein concentrates. The DIAAS for heat-treated rapeseed protein isolate was greater (P < 0.001) than for non-heated rapeseed protein isolate for all age groups. Heat-treated rapeseed protein isolate and whey protein isolate had a DIAAS > 100 for individuals older than 3 years. Conclusion: Rapeseed protein isolate had a DIAAS comparable to soy protein isolate, but heat-treated rapeseed protein isolate and whey protein isolate had DIAAS ≥ 100, qualifying these proteins as 'excellent'. Rice and pea protein concentrates had DIAAS < 75. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant, Newborn ; Brassica napus/metabolism ; Whey Proteins/metabolism ; Pea Proteins/metabolism ; Oryza/chemistry ; Soybean Proteins/metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Digestion ; Ileum/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Brassica rapa/metabolism ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Diet
Chemical Substances	Whey Proteins ; Pea Proteins ; Soybean Proteins ; Amino Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184116-6
ISSN	1097-0010 ; 0022-5142
ISSN (online)	1097-0010
ISSN	0022-5142
DOI	10.1002/jsfa.12809
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Article ; Online: No carryover effect of feeding spray dried plasma to weanling pigs in phase 1 on energy and nutrient digestibility in phase 2 were observed.

Bailey, Hannah M / Campbell, Joy M / Fanelli, Natalia S / Stein, Hans H

Journal of animal science

2023 Volume 101

Abstract: Spray dried plasma (SDP) is commonly used in phase 1 diets for weanling pigs, but it is unknown if SDP affects energy or nutrient digestibility of the subsequent diet. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to test the null-hypothesis that inclusion ... ...

Abstract	Spray dried plasma (SDP) is commonly used in phase 1 diets for weanling pigs, but it is unknown if SDP affects energy or nutrient digestibility of the subsequent diet. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to test the null-hypothesis that inclusion of SDP in a phase 1 diet fed to weanling pigs will not affect energy or nutrient digestibility of a phase 2 diet without SDP. In experiment 1, 16 newly weaned barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 4.47 ± 0.35 kg were randomly allotted to a phase 1 diet without SDP or a diet including 6% SDP for 14 d. Both diets were fed on an ad libitum basis. All pigs (BW: 6.92 ± 0.42 kg) had a T-cannula surgically inserted in the distal ileum, moved to individual pens, and fed the common phase 2 diet for 10 d with ileal digesta collection on days 9 and 10. In experiments 2, 24 newly weaned barrows (initial BW: 6.60 ± 0.22 kg) were randomly allotted to phase 1 diets without SDP or a diet containing 6% SDP for 20 d. Both diets were provided on an ad libitum basis. All pigs (BW: 9.37 ± 1.40 kg) were then moved to individual metabolism crates and fed the common phase 2 diet for 14 d with the initial 5 d being the adaptation period to the diet followed by 7 d of fecal and urine collection according to the marker-to-marker procedure. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch, crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA), and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), was determined in experiment 1, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), insoluble-, soluble-, and total-dietary fiber, Ca, and P, and the retention and biological value of N were determined in experiment 2. The statistical model included diet as fixed effect and block and pig within block as random effects. Results of experiment 1 indicated that the AID of starch, CP, AEE, and AA in phase 2 were not affected by phase 1 treatment. Results of experiment 2 indicated that the ATTD of GE, insoluble-, soluble-, and total-dietary fiber, Ca, and P and N retention and biological value in phase 2 were also not affected by phase 1 treatment. In conclusion, feeding weanling pigs a diet with 6% SDP in phase 1 did not affect the AID or ATTD of energy and nutrients in a phase 2 diet without SDP.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Diet/veterinary ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism ; Digestion ; Feces/chemistry ; Ileum/metabolism ; Nutrients ; Swine ; Zea mays/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Dietary Fiber
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.1093/jas/skad065
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Article ; Online: Effect of heat treatment on protein quality of rapeseed protein isolate compared with non‐heated rapeseed isolate, soy and whey protein isolates, and rice and pea protein concentrates

Bailey, Hannah M. / Fanelli, Natalia S. / Stein, Hans H.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2023 Nov., v. 103, no. 14, p. 7251-7259

2023 , Page(s) 7251–7259

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapeseed protein isolate is used in the food industry, and heating is often used during rapeseed processing. However, the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for heat‐treated rapeseed protein isolate is unknown. The present ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Rapeseed protein isolate is used in the food industry, and heating is often used during rapeseed processing. However, the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for heat‐treated rapeseed protein isolate is unknown. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that heating rapeseed protein isolate improves protein quality resulting in DIAAS that is greater than for pea and rice protein concentrates, and comparable to that of soy and whey protein isolates. RESULTS: Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), except leucine and methionine, was not different between heat‐treated rapeseed protein isolate and soy protein isolate, but SID of most AA was greater (P < 0.001) for heat‐treated rapeseed protein isolate than for brown rice protein concentrate, pea protein concentrate, rapeseed protein isolate and soy protein isolate, but not whey protein isolate. Non‐heated rapeseed protein isolate had a reduced (P < 0.001) DIAAS for 6‐month‐old to 3‐year‐old children compared with soy protein isolate, but this was greater (P < 0.001) than for pea and brown rice protein concentrates. The DIAAS for heat‐treated rapeseed protein isolate was greater (P < 0.001) than for non‐heated rapeseed protein isolate for all age groups. Heat‐treated rapeseed protein isolate and whey protein isolate had a DIAAS > 100 for individuals older than 3 years. CONCLUSION: Rapeseed protein isolate had a DIAAS comparable to soy protein isolate, but heat‐treated rapeseed protein isolate and whey protein isolate had DIAAS ≥ 100, qualifying these proteins as ‘excellent’. Rice and pea protein concentrates had DIAAS < 75. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Keywords	agriculture ; brown rice ; digestibility ; food industry ; heat treatment ; ileum ; leucine ; methionine ; pea protein ; peas ; protein concentrates ; protein value ; rapeseed ; rapeseed protein ; rice protein ; soy protein isolate ; whey protein isolate
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-11
Size	p. 7251-7259
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	184116-6
ISSN	1097-0010 ; 0022-5142
ISSN (online)	1097-0010
ISSN	0022-5142
DOI	10.1002/jsfa.12809
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Inclusion of spray dried plasma in diets based on different ingredient combinations increases the digestibility of energy, fiber, Ca, and P by young pigs.

Bailey, Hannah M / Campbell, Joy M / Torres-Mendoza, Leidy J / Fanelli, Natalia S / Stein, Hans H

Translational animal science

2023 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) txad031

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of spray dried plasma (SDP) in diets increases apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and/or the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients in ... ...

Abstract	An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of spray dried plasma (SDP) in diets increases apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and/or the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients in diets for young pigs, and that ATTD of energy and nutrients or STTD of P in individual ingredients are additive in diets containing SDP. Eighty barrows (body weight: 9.30 ± 0.97 kg) were housed in individual metabolism crates and allotted to 1 of 10 diets in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicate pigs per diet. Four diets were prepared without SDP and contained ingredients commonly used in the United States, Canada, the European Union, or Asia. Four additional diets were prepared by mixing 94% of the previous four diets and 6% SDP. A diet containing SDP as the sole source of P and a P-free diet were also formulated. The ATTD of GE and nutrients and the STTD of P were calculated in all diets except the P-free diet and for the four regional diets containing 6% SDP, values were also predicted from the digestibility obtained in SDP alone and the regional diets without SDP. Differences between measured and predicted values for digestibility of GE and nutrients were also calculated. An interaction was observed between SDP and region for the ATTD of soluble dietary fiber where the digestibility decreased (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txad031
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Chemical composition of banana meal and rice bran from Australia or South-East Asia.

Fanelli, Natalia S / Torres-Mendoza, Leidy J / Abelilla, Jerubella J / Stein, Hans H

Animal bioscience

2023 Volume 36, Issue 10, Page(s) 1568–1577

Abstract: Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of banana meal and rice bran from Australia or South-East Asia and test the hypothesis that there are no differences in rice bran produced in different countries, but there are ... ...

Abstract	Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of banana meal and rice bran from Australia or South-East Asia and test the hypothesis that there are no differences in rice bran produced in different countries, but there are differences between full-fat and defatted rice bran. Methods: Two sources of banana meal and 22 sources of rice bran (full-fat or defatted) from Australia or South-East Asia were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Banana meal was also analyzed for sugars including glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, stachyose, and raffinose. Results: Chemical analysis demonstrated that banana meal from the Philippines is primarily composed of starch. Full-fat rice bran from Australia had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of AEE, lysine, and glycine than samples from the Philippines and Vietnam. Full-fat rice bran from Australia and Thailand had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of gross energy and most AA than rice bran from Vietnam. Full-fat rice bran from Australia had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of tryptophan and manganese than all other sources, but full-fat rice bran from the Philippines contained less (p<0.05) zinc than all other sources of rice bran. Gross energy, AEE, and copper were greater (p<0.05) in full-fat rice bran compared with defatted rice bran, but defatted rice bran contained more (p<0.05) crude protein, ash, insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber, AA, and some minerals than full-fat rice bran. Conclusion: Banana meal is a high-energy source that can be used as an alternative ingredient in livestock diets. Full-fat rice bran from Australia and Thailand contained more concentrations of AEE and AA than samples from the Philippines or Vietnam. Full-fat rice bran had more gross energy and AEE than defatted rice bran, whereas defatted rice bran contained more crude protein, ash, and total dietary fiber.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2765-0189
ISSN	2765-0189
DOI	10.5713/ab.23.0071
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Chemical composition of copra, palm kernel, and cashew co-products from South-East Asia and almond hulls from Australia.

Fanelli, Natalia S / Torres-Mendoza, Leidy J / Abelilla, Jerubella J / Stein, Hans H

Animal bioscience

2023 Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) 768–775

Abstract: Objective: Oilseeds and nut co-products can be used as alternative feed ingredients in animal diets because they may have a lower cost than traditional ingredients. A study was, therefore, conducted to determine the chemical composition of copra, palm ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Oilseeds and nut co-products can be used as alternative feed ingredients in animal diets because they may have a lower cost than traditional ingredients. A study was, therefore, conducted to determine the chemical composition of copra, palm kernel, and nut coproducts from South-East Asia or Australia. The hypothesis that country of production influences nutritional composition was tested. Methods: Oilseed meals included 2 copra expellers, 3 copra meals, and 12 palm kernel expellers. One source of almond hulls and cashew nut meal were also used. Samples were obtained from suppliers located in South-East Asia or Australia. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Copra and nut coproducts were also analyzed for total starch and sugars. Results: Copra expellers had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of dry matter and AEE compared with copra meal. However, copra meal had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of total dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) and copper than copra expellers. Palm kernel expellers from Indonesia had greater (p<0.05) concentration of histidine and tyrosine compared with palm kernel expellers from Vietnam. Almond hulls was high in dietary fiber, but also contained free glucose and fructose, whereas cashew nut meal was high in AEE, but low in all free sugars. Conclusion: Copra expellers have greater concentration of AEE, but less concentration of total dietary fiber when compared with copra meal, and except for a few AA, no differences in nutrient composition of palm kernel expellers produced in Indonesia or Vietnam were detected. According to the chemical composition of nut co-products, cashew nut meal may be more suitable for non-ruminant diets than almond hulls.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-26
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2765-0189
ISSN	2765-0189
DOI	10.5713/ab.22.0359
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Article: Chemical composition of barley and co-products from barley, corn, and wheat produced in South-East Asia or Australia.

Fanelli, Natalia S / Torres-Mendoza, Leidy J / Abelilla, Jerubella J / Stein, Hans H

Animal bioscience

2023 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 105–115

Abstract: Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of barley and co-products from barley, corn, and wheat produced in South-East Asia or Australia, and to test the hypothesis that production area or production methods can impact the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of barley and co-products from barley, corn, and wheat produced in South-East Asia or Australia, and to test the hypothesis that production area or production methods can impact the chemical composition of wheat co-products. Methods: Samples included seven barley grains, two malt barley rootlets, one corn gluten feed, one corn gluten meal, one corn bran, eight wheat brans, one wheat mill mix, and four wheat pollards. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract, ash, minerals, starch, and insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber. Malt barley rootlets and wheat co-products were also analyzed for sugars. Results: Chemical composition of barley, malt barley rootlets, and corn co-products were in general similar across countries. Wheat pollard had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of tryptophan, magnesium, and potassium compared with wheat bran, whereas wheat bran had greater (p<0.05) concentration of copper than wheat pollard. There were no differences in chemical composition between wheat bran produced in Australia and wheat bran produced in Thailand. Conclusion: Intact barley contains more starch, but fewer AA, than grain co-products. There were only few differences in the composition of wheat bran and wheat pollard, indicating that the two ingredients are similar, but with different names. However, corn gluten meal contains more protein and less fiber than corn bran.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2765-0189
ISSN	2765-0189
DOI	10.5713/ab.23.0201
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients from South-East Asia.

Fanelli, Natalia S / Torres-Mendoza, Leidy J / Abelilla, Jerubella J / Stein, Hans H

Animal bioscience

2023 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 908–919

Abstract: Objective: Information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to accurately formulate animal diets. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and to test the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to accurately formulate animal diets. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and to test the hypothesis that there is variation in chemical composition among cassava products originating from different South-East Asian countries. Methods: Sources of dried peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, cassava meal, high-ash cassava meal, and cassava residue were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Samples of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal were also analyzed for sugars. Results: High-ash cassava meal had greater (p<0.05) dry matter and ash, but lower (p<0.05) total starch and gross energy than all other cassava products. Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, and cassava chips had greater (p<0.05) total starch than the other cassava-based ingredients. Cassava residue had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber compared with the other cassava products, but tryptophan and glutamic acid were greater (p<0.05) in peeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal samples compared with the other ingredients. Concentration of most minerals was greater (p<0.05) in high-ash cassava meal than in the other cassava products. Conclusion: Cassava-based ingredients sold as peeled roots, unpeeled roots, chips, or meal have chemical compositions that are not different from each other, and peeling has little impact on chemical composition. High-ash cassava meal has lower nutritional quality compared with other cassava products due to low starch and gross energy. The high fiber content in cassava residue makes this ingredient more suitable for ruminants and sows than for younger pigs or poultry.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-23
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2765-0189
ISSN	2765-0189
DOI	10.5713/ab.22.0360
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Article ; Online: Values for Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) Determined in Pigs Are Greater for Milk Than for Breakfast Cereals, but DIAAS Values for Individual Ingredients Are Additive in Combined Meals.

Fanelli, Natalia S / Bailey, Hannah M / Guardiola, Lía V / Stein, Hans H

The Journal of nutrition

2021 Volume 151, Issue 3, Page(s) 540–547

Abstract: Background: Breakfast cereals contain low-quality proteins and are often consumed with milk. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) has been used to evaluate protein quality, but it is not known if DIAAS obtained in individual foods is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Breakfast cereals contain low-quality proteins and are often consumed with milk. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) has been used to evaluate protein quality, but it is not known if DIAAS obtained in individual foods is additive in combined meals. Objectives: The following hypotheses were tested: amino acids (AAs) in milk complement AAs in breakfast cereals to provide a balanced meal, and DIAAS in individual foods is additive in combined meals. Methods: Six ileal cannulated gilts [body weight mean: 55.6 ± 3.7 (SD) kg] were allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square with six 7-d periods. Ileal digesta were collected for 9 h on days 6 and 7 of each period. Three diets contained a breakfast cereal (i.e., cornflakes or quick oats) or dry milk as the sole source of AAs. Two additional diets contained a combination of dry milk and cornflakes or quick oats. A nitrogen-free diet was also used, and DIAAS was calculated for cornflakes, quick oats, dry milk, and the 2 combined meals for children aged 6 to 36 mo and individuals older than 36 mo through adulthood. For the combined meals, DIAAS was also predicted from the individual ingredient DIAAS. Results: Dry milk had greater (P < 0.05) DIAAS (123 and 144) than quick oats (57 and 67), but cornflakes had less (P < 0.05) DIAAS (16 and 19) than the other ingredients. Both breakfast cereal-dry milk meals had DIAAS close to or greater than 100 for children aged 6 mo to 3 y and for older children, adolescents, and adults, but there were no differences between measured and predicted DIAAS. Conclusions: The combination of milk and breakfast cereals results in a meal that is balanced in indispensable AAs for humans, and DIAAS obtained from individual ingredients is additive in mixed meals.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids, Essential/administration & dosage ; Amino Acids, Essential/metabolism ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Avena ; Breakfast ; Diet/veterinary ; Digestion ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Milk/chemistry ; Powders ; Swine/physiology ; Zea mays
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids, Essential ; Powders
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxaa398
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) is greater in animal-based burgers than in plant-based burgers if determined in pigs

Fanelli, Natalia S. / Bailey, Hannah M. / Thompson, Tyler W. / Delmore, Robert / Nair, Mahesh Narayanan / Stein, Hans H.

European journal of nutrition. 2022 Feb., v. 61, no. 1

2022

Abstract: PURPOSE: Determine digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for animal- and plant-based burgers and test the hypothesis that DIAAS calculated for a burger and a burger bun is additive in a combined meal. METHODS: Ten ileal cannulated gilts were ... ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: Determine digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for animal- and plant-based burgers and test the hypothesis that DIAAS calculated for a burger and a burger bun is additive in a combined meal. METHODS: Ten ileal cannulated gilts were fed experimental diets for six 9-d periods with ileal digesta being collected on d 8 and 9 of each period. Six diets contained a burger (i.e., 80% lean beef, 93% lean beef, 80% lean pork, Impossible Burger, or Beyond Burger) or a burger bun as the sole source of crude protein and amino acids. Three additional diets were based on a combination of the bun and 80% beef, pork, or Impossible Burger. A nitrogen-free diet was also used. The DIAAS for all ingredients and mixed meals was calculated for children from 6 months to 3 years and for individuals older than 3 years, and DIAAS for combined meals was predicted from individual ingredient DIAAS. RESULTS: The 93% lean beef and the pork burgers had greater (P < 0.05) DIAAS than the plant-based burgers for both age groups. The 80% lean beef burger had greater (P < 0.05) DIAAS than the plant burgers for children from 6 months to 3 years, and greater (P < 0.05) DIAAS than the Beyond Burger for individuals older than 3 years. There were no differences between the measured and predicted DIAAS. CONCLUSIONS: The protein quality of animal-based burgers is greater than that of plant-based burgers. However, for individuals older than 3 years, the Impossible Burger has comparable protein quality to the 80% lean beef burger. The DIAAS obtained from individual foods is additive in mixed meals.
Keywords	amino acids ; beef ; cannulas ; crude protein ; digesta ; ileum ; ingredients ; pork ; protein value
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Size	p. 461-475.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-021-02658-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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