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  1. Article ; Online: Cadmium in biological samples and site-specific cancer risk and mortality: A systematic review of original articles and meta-analyses.

    Fanfani, Alice / Papini, Sophia / Bortolotti, Emma / Vagnoni, Giulia / Saieva, Calogero / Bonaccorsi, Guglielmo / Caini, Saverio

    Cancer epidemiology

    2024  , Page(s) 102550

    Abstract: Background: Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a class 1 carcinogen by the IARC, yet uncertainty persists regarding the total burden of cancer (incidence and mortality) caused by exposure to it, due to the still limited evidence with regard to its ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a class 1 carcinogen by the IARC, yet uncertainty persists regarding the total burden of cancer (incidence and mortality) caused by exposure to it, due to the still limited evidence with regard to its aetiological role in cancer at several body sites.
    Objectives and methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE for meta-analyses and original articles published by February 1st, 2024, that focused on the link between cadmium measured in biological samples (blood, urine, finger-/toe-nails, and hair) and site-specific cancer risk and mortality.
    Results: We included 9 meta-analyses and 57 original articles (of these, the design was retrospective in 38 and prospective in 19, and Cd levels were quantified in blood, n=33, urine, n=19, both blood and urine, n=2, or finger-/toenail, n=3). Current data consistently suggest a causal role of exposure to cadmium in pancreas, lung, and bladder carcinogenesis. Total cancer risk and mortality are also positively correlated with Cd levels in biological samples. The evidence is weak or inconclusive for the remaining cancer sites (including breast and prostate), mostly due to the limited number of studies available to date and/or methodological limitations.
    Discussion: Exposure to cadmium poses a risk for increased cancer incidence and mortality. Cadmium-related cancer burden might indeed be currently underestimated, as the amount of available evidence for most cancer sites and types is currently limited, and more research in the field is warranted. Continuing efforts to contain Cd pollution and mitigate associated health risk are also needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2508729-0
    ISSN 1877-783X ; 1877-7821
    ISSN (online) 1877-783X
    ISSN 1877-7821
    DOI 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccine literacy: A scoping review.

    Biasio, Luigi Roberto / Zanobini, Patrizio / Lorini, Chiara / Monaci, Pietro / Fanfani, Alice / Gallinoro, Veronica / Cerini, Gabriele / Albora, Giuseppe / Del Riccio, Marco / Pecorelli, Sergio / Bonaccorsi, Guglielmo

    Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 2176083

    Abstract: To address vaccine hesitancy, specific self-rated tools have been developed to assess vaccine literacy (VL) related to COVID-19, including additional variables, such as beliefs, behavior, and willingness to be vaccinated. To explore the recent literature ...

    Abstract To address vaccine hesitancy, specific self-rated tools have been developed to assess vaccine literacy (VL) related to COVID-19, including additional variables, such as beliefs, behavior, and willingness to be vaccinated. To explore the recent literature a search was performed selecting articles published between January 2020 and October 2022: 26 papers were identified using these tools in the context of COVID-19. Descriptive analysis showed that the levels of VL observed in the studies were generally in agreement, with functional VL score often lower than the interactive-critical dimension, as if the latter was stimulated by the COVID-19-related infodemic. Factors associated with VL included vaccination status, age, educational level, and, possibly, gender. Effective communication based on VL when promoting vaccination is critical to sustaining immunization against COVID-19 and other communicable diseases. The VL scales developed to date have shown good consistency. However, further research is needed to improve these tools and develop new ones.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Literacy ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Educational Status ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2664176-8
    ISSN 2164-554X ; 2164-5515
    ISSN (online) 2164-554X
    ISSN 2164-5515
    DOI 10.1080/21645515.2023.2176083
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Endocrine and haemodynamic stress responses to an arithmetic cognitive challenge.

    Trico, Domenico / Fanfani, Alberto / Varocchi, Francesca / Bernini, Giampaolo

    Neuro endocrinology letters

    2017  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 182–186

    Abstract: Objective: We aimed at developing and validating a simple, highly repeatable computer-based tool, which could be employed to simulate the effects of an acute mental stress on endocrine and haemodynamic stress responses.: Methods: Fifteen subjects ... ...

    Abstract Objective: We aimed at developing and validating a simple, highly repeatable computer-based tool, which could be employed to simulate the effects of an acute mental stress on endocrine and haemodynamic stress responses.
    Methods: Fifteen subjects underwent a mental cognitive challenge, employing an ad hoc designed web tool (available at http://bagame.altervista.org) that proposed a series of random arithmetic operations (addictions or subtractions) between one- to three-digit numbers for 10 minutes. We measured plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and ACTH, in addition to heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure throughout the test.
    Results: The arithmetic mental challenge promptly activated the sympatho-adrenomedullary axis (epinephrine +112±24%, p<0.05; norepinephrine +37±13%, p<0.004) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (cortisol +25±7%, p<0.008; ACTH +97±44%, p<0.008), which in turn exerted stimulatory effects on the cardiovascular system (HR +18±4%, p<0.05; SBP +112±24%, p<0.05; DBP +34±8%, p<0.05) in all subjects, without any symptoms and regardless of the individuals' mental arithmetic ability.
    Conclusions: We developed and validated a computer-based tool that is effective for simulating endocrine and haemodynamic responses to an acute mental stress. This novel tool is easy-to-use, freely-accessible, and it can be employed to further investigate stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms and their role in cardiovascular diseases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 135951-4
    ISSN 0172-780X
    ISSN 0172-780X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Role and challenges to digital technologies in community health promotion programs in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multiple embedded case study protocol.

    Del Riccio, Marco / Costantini, Luigi / Guasconi, Massimo / Casella, Giovanna / Fanfani, Alice / Cosma, Claudia / Mindrican, Paula / Bonaccorsi, Guglielmo / Corradini, Elena / Artioli, Giovanna / Sarli, Leopoldo / Laverack, Glenn / Rondini, Ermanno / Martucci, Gianfranco

    Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis

    2023  Volume 94, Issue 1, Page(s) e2023019

    Abstract: Background and aim: Due to the COVID-19 pandemics, The Italian League Against Cancer (LILT), a national federation of local associations promoting cancer prevention, had to face the challenge to find new ways and technologies to promote health in their ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: Due to the COVID-19 pandemics, The Italian League Against Cancer (LILT), a national federation of local associations promoting cancer prevention, had to face the challenge to find new ways and technologies to promote health in their territories. This study aims to explore how LILT associations led their health promotion interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand which interventions had a greater impact, for which population group, and why.
    Methods: In this descriptive multiple embedded case study, each case will focus on the activities of a local LILT association and their collaborators on the perception and experience of the use of digital technology for health promotion and prevention, through interviews, observations, and a study of products and artifacts. A general overview of each case study will be provided, along with an introduction of the unit(s) of more in-depth analysis. The logical models that emerge from the analysis of each case will be described by using realist analysis, producing a list of possible CMO configurations (Context; Mechanisms; Outcomes). The final report will consist of a cross-case analysis (a comparison between the different case studies).
    Discussion: This multiple case study will help generate a first "theory of the use of digital technology in health promotion in local LILT communities. The observation of what local LILT associations in Italy have done during COVID-19 will help identify new and useful health promotion strategies based on these technologies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Digital Technology ; Health Promotion ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Italy/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-13
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2114240-3
    ISSN 2531-6745 ; 0392-4203
    ISSN (online) 2531-6745
    ISSN 0392-4203
    DOI 10.23750/abm.v94i1.14109
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A bio-indicator for the evaluation of quality forestry and landscape fragmentation

    Kappers EF / Fanfani A / Salvati L

    Forest@, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 94-

    2013  Volume 102

    Abstract: A bio-indicator for the evaluation of quality forestry and landscape fragmentation. Intensive agricultural practices, as well as tourism development, summer fires, urbanization and air pollution represent a serious threat for many woodlands in ... ...

    Abstract A bio-indicator for the evaluation of quality forestry and landscape fragmentation. Intensive agricultural practices, as well as tourism development, summer fires, urbanization and air pollution represent a serious threat for many woodlands in Mediterranean Europe. Tawny owls, Strix aluco, is a valuable indicator of habitat quality and shows high sensitivity to wood fragmentation. Assessing the association between Tawny owls and their habitat may provide useful tools for conservation and management of forested habitats. Populations of woodland birds are influenced by forest characteristics, wood proportion being a key factor explaining breeding density and regularity in nest spacing. Populations of the Tawny Owl reach their highest densities in old deciduous forests. The distribution of territories remains almost constant for many years, and the period during which any particular wood maintains suitable conditions for nesting depends on factors like tree species and management, especially on the timing and extent of thinning. To assure the maintenance of good habitat quality in most woodlands, regulation of water diversion, prevention of summer fires, and a general reduction of human activities inside forests seem to be useful conservation tools.
    Keywords Biodiversity ; Landscape ; Mediterranean ; Bio-indicator ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Forestry ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
    Subject code 333
    Language Italian
    Publishing date 2013-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book: Land Reform in Italy

    Fanfani, Amintore

    1953  

    Author's details Amintore Fanfani
    Size 31 S. ; 8-o
    Publisher Min. of Agric
    Publishing place Rome
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT008518324
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  7. Article: Tasks Performed by Different Groups of Foragers and Regulation of Foraging Activity in the Mediterranean Harvest Ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

    D’Eustacchio, D / Castracani, C / Centorame, M / Fanfani, A / Grasso, D. A / Mori, A / Profico, A / Solida, L

    Journal of insect behavior. 2019 Jan., v. 32, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: The moment-to-moment tasks performed by an individual can change in response to a shift of internal, e.g. body size or age, and external conditions, e.g. the number of workers currently engaged in another task. For this reason, the term “task allocation” ...

    Abstract The moment-to-moment tasks performed by an individual can change in response to a shift of internal, e.g. body size or age, and external conditions, e.g. the number of workers currently engaged in another task. For this reason, the term “task allocation” is replacing the earlier concept of “division of labor” for describing an invariable association between worker body size and task. In the present study we hypothesized that, in the absence of changing conditions, different sized workers tend to perform different tasks. We also evaluated, using baits, the ability of colonies to regulate foraging activity through interactions between outgoing and returning foragers and the effect of ground temperature on the relative participation of different-sized workers to the foraging activity. Results suggest the existence in large and well-established colonies inhabiting a typical Mediterranean grassland area, of different-sized workers performing different tasks outside the nests. Moreover, we noticed the ability of colonies to adjust the relative participation of different sized foragers when provided with different-sized resources (baits). Finally, we recorded an effect of temperature on the average size of foragers, although no effect on size distribution was found.
    Keywords body size ; foraging ; grasslands ; insect behavior ; Messor ; nests ; polyethism ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-01
    Size p. 38-46.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2016965-6
    ISSN 1572-8889 ; 0892-7553
    ISSN (online) 1572-8889
    ISSN 0892-7553
    DOI 10.1007/s10905-019-09710-3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Effects of corticosteroids on oxidative damage and circulating carotenoids in captive adult kestrels (Falco tinnunculus).

    Costantini, David / Fanfani, Alberto / Dell'omo, Giacomo

    Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology

    2008  Volume 178, Issue 7, Page(s) 829–835

    Abstract: Birds control body homeostasis through the secretion of corticosterone. This hormone is the end-product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stressors. High levels of corticosterone may be associated with low individual fitness ... ...

    Abstract Birds control body homeostasis through the secretion of corticosterone. This hormone is the end-product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stressors. High levels of corticosterone may be associated with low individual fitness and may affect balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Given these points, chronic stress modulated by hormones could undermine individual fitness by increasing oxidative tissue damage. In this study, we administered corticosteroids by diet (20 mg/kg of diet) to captive adult kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) over a 14-day period to evaluate the effects of a simulated chronic stress modulated by corticosteroids. We found that dietary administration of corticosterone caused a 32% increase of reactive oxygen metabolites, but did not impair total serum antioxidant capacity, serum carotenoids or body mass. Oxidative stress had a 64% increase in treated birds compared to 30% in controls. The two groups did not differ in the total serum antioxidant capacity, which showed a significant decrease over the study period. In contrast, circulating carotenoids and body mass increased in both groups. These results suggest that stress hormones, such as corticosterone, may also act as modulators of oxidative stress in birds.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; Carotenoids/blood ; Falconiformes/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Antioxidants ; Carotenoids (36-88-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 231245-1
    ISSN 1432-136X ; 0174-1578
    ISSN (online) 1432-136X
    ISSN 0174-1578
    DOI 10.1007/s00360-008-0270-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book ; Online: The Analytical Method algorithm for trigger primitives generation at the LHC Drift Tubes detector

    Abbiendi, G. / Maestre, J. Alcaraz / Fernández, A. Álvarez / González, B. Álvarez / Amapane, N. / Bachiller, I. / Barcellan, L. / Baldanza, C. / Battilana, C. / Bellato, M. / Bencze, G. / Benettoni, M. / Beni, N. / Benvenuti, A. / Bergnoli, A. / Ramos, L. C. Blanco / Borgonovi, L. / Bragagnolo, A. / Cafaro, V. /
    Calderon, A. / Calvo, E. / Carlin, R. / Montoya, C. A. Carrillo / Cavallo, F. R. / Ruiz, J. M. Cela / Cepeda, M. / Cerrada, M. / Checchia, P. / Ciano, L. / Colino, N. / Corti, D. / Cotto, G. / Crupano, A. / Calzada, S. Cuadrado / Cuevas, J. / Cuffiani, M. / Dallavalle, G. M. / Dattola, D. / De La Cruz, B. / Rodríguez, C. I. de Lara / De Remigis, P. / Cid, C. Erice / Eliseev, D. / Fabbri, F. / Fanfani, A. / Fasanella, D. / Bedoya, C. F. / de Trocóniz, J. F. / del Val, D. Fernández / Menéndez, J. Fernández

    2023  

    Abstract: The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment prepares its Phase-2 upgrade for the high-luminosity era of the LHC operation (HL-LHC). Due to the increase of occupancy, trigger latency and rates, the full electronics of the CMS Drift Tube (DT) chambers will ... ...

    Abstract The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment prepares its Phase-2 upgrade for the high-luminosity era of the LHC operation (HL-LHC). Due to the increase of occupancy, trigger latency and rates, the full electronics of the CMS Drift Tube (DT) chambers will need to be replaced. In the new design, the time bin for the digitisation of the chamber signals will be of around 1~ns, and the totality of the signals will be forwarded asynchronously to the service cavern at full resolution. The new backend system will be in charge of building the trigger primitives of each chamber. These trigger primitives contain the information at chamber level about the muon candidates position, direction, and collision time, and are used as input in the L1 CMS trigger. The added functionalities will improve the robustness of the system against ageing. An algorithm based on analytical solutions for reconstructing the DT trigger primitives, called Analytical Method, has been implemented both as a software C++ emulator and in firmware. Its performance has been estimated using the software emulator with simulated and real data samples, and through hardware implementation tests. Measured efficiencies are 96 to 98\% for all qualities and time and spatial resolutions are close to the ultimate performance of the DT chambers. A prototype chain of the HL-LHC electronics using the Analytical Method for trigger primitive generation has been installed during Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC and operated in CMS cosmic data taking campaigns in 2020 and 2021. Results from this validation step, the so-called Slice Test, are presented.

    Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures
    Keywords High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Carotenoid availability does not limit the capability of nestling kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) to cope with oxidative stress.

    Costantini, David / Fanfani, Alberto / Dell'Omo, Giacomo

    The Journal of experimental biology

    2007  Volume 210, Issue Pt 7, Page(s) 1238–1244

    Abstract: It is recognized that carotenoids are useful anti-oxidants in embryo and hatchling avian models. However, recent evidence suggests that the anti-oxidant role of carotenoids in nestling or adult birds may not be as important as previously thought. The aim ...

    Abstract It is recognized that carotenoids are useful anti-oxidants in embryo and hatchling avian models. However, recent evidence suggests that the anti-oxidant role of carotenoids in nestling or adult birds may not be as important as previously thought. The aim of the present work was to investigate if supplemental carotenoids decreased the level of oxidative damage (by reactive oxygen metabolites, ROMs) and increased the serum anti-oxidant capacity (OXY) in nestling Eurasian kestrels Falco tinnunculus. Circulating carotenoids in supplemented nestlings increased about 1.5-fold compared to the control and pre-treatment levels at the end of the supplementation period. There was no effect on ROMs, OXY or the level of oxidative stress (ratio between ROMs and OXY), however, or on body mass or body condition of nestlings. ROMs and OXY decreased with age, but this pattern varied across the nests. Our results show that (i) in general, younger nestlings actually have to cope with a high free radical production, and (ii) the ability of wild nestling kestrels to cope with oxidative stress is not affected by carotenoid availability.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Antioxidants/analysis ; Body Constitution/physiology ; Body Size ; Carotenoids/blood ; Falconiformes/physiology ; Hypochlorous Acid ; Italy ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/blood ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; Hypochlorous Acid (712K4CDC10)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218085-6
    ISSN 1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
    ISSN (online) 1477-9145
    ISSN 0022-0949
    DOI 10.1242/jeb.002741
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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