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  1. Article: Keratose sponge fabrics from the lowermost Triassic microbialites in South China: Geobiologic features and Phanerozoic evolution

    Wu, Siqi / Chen, Zhong-Qiang / Su, Chunmei / Fang, Yuheng / Yang, Hao

    Global and planetary change. 2022 Apr., v. 211

    2022  

    Abstract: The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) strongly devastated marine ecosystems, and, consequently, sponges, especially the reef-building clades, suffered dramatic losses in biodiversity. The Early Triassic therefore was believed to be an evolutionary ... ...

    Abstract The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) strongly devastated marine ecosystems, and, consequently, sponges, especially the reef-building clades, suffered dramatic losses in biodiversity. The Early Triassic therefore was believed to be an evolutionary gap for sponges. Microbialites spread over shallow marine carbonate settings across the entire low-latitude Tethys region following the PTME and occupied the ecospace that the pre-extinction metazoan reefs left. Here, we report putative keratose sponge consortia from the microbialites near the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Xiushui, Laolongdong, and Dongwan sections, South China. The putative keratose sponges exhibit vermiform, filamentous textures forming maze-like networks. Within the keratose sponge-microbial fabrics, the calcified sponge skeleton might firm the overall framework of microbialite, promoting construction of the sponge-microbial build-ups. The coeval occurrence of putative keratose sponges in both eastern Palaeotethys and central Neotethys regions indicates that sponges may have widely spread and played important roles in constructing metazoan-microbial reefs in earliest Triassic. Besides, several characteristics are conducive to keratose sponge surviving the stressful environments after the PTME. Global dataset shows that keratose sponges mostly confined to tropic and temperate zones. Keratose sponges overall flourished in coincidence with occurrence abundance peaks of microbial reefs during the Phanerozoic history, and they seem to be particularly abundant and widespread in the Cambrian-Ordovician, Late Devonian and the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction.
    Keywords Animalia ; Devonian period ; Triassic period ; biodiversity ; carbonates ; data collection ; extinction ; latitude ; skeleton ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2016967-X
    ISSN 0921-8181
    ISSN 0921-8181
    DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103787
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Permian–Triassic boundary microbialites at Zuodeng Section, Guangxi Province, South China: Geobiology and palaeoceanographic implications

    Fang, Yuheng / Hao Yang / Mao Luo / Stephen Kershaw / Zhong-Qiang Chen

    Global and planetary change. 2017 May, v. 152

    2017  

    Abstract: A previously unknown microbialite bed in the Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) boundary beds of Zuodeng section, Tiandong County, Guangxi, South China comprises a thin (5cm maximum thickness) stromatolite in the lower part and the remaining 6m is thrombolite. The ... ...

    Abstract A previously unknown microbialite bed in the Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) boundary beds of Zuodeng section, Tiandong County, Guangxi, South China comprises a thin (5cm maximum thickness) stromatolite in the lower part and the remaining 6m is thrombolite. The Zuodeng microbialite has a pronounced irregular contact between the latest Permian bioclastic limestone and microbialite, as in other sites in the region. The stromatolite comprises low-relief columnar and broad domal geometries, containing faint laminations. The thrombolite displays an irregular mixture of sparitic dark coloured altered microbial fabric and light coloured interstitial sediment in polished blocks. Abundant microproblematic calcimicrobe structures identified here as Gakhumella are preserved in dark coloured laminated areas of the stromatolite and sparitic areas in thrombolites (i.e. the calcimicrobial part, not the interstitial sediment) and are orientated perpendicular to stromatolitic laminae. Each Gakhumella individual has densely arranged segments, which form a column- to fan-shaped structure. Single segments are arch-shaped and form a thin chamber between segments. Gakhumella individuals in the stromatolite and thrombolite are slightly different from each other, but are readily distinguished from the Gakhumella- and Renalcis-like fossils reported from other P–Tr boundary microbialites in having a smaller size, unbranching columns and densely arranged, arch-shaped segments. Renalcids usually possess a larger body size and branching, lobate outlines. Filament sheath aggregates are also observed in the stromatolite and they are all orientated in one direction. Both Gakhumella and filament sheath aggregates may be photosynthetic algae, which may have played an important role in constructing the Zuodeng microbialites. Other calcimicrobes in the Zuodeng microbialite are spheroids, of which a total of five morphological types are recognized from both stromatolite and thrombolite: (1) sparry calcite spheroid without outer sheaths, (2) a large sparry calcite nucleus coated with a thin sparry calcite sheath, (3) a large nucleus of micrite framboid aggregates rimmed by a thin sparry calcite sheath (bacterial clump-like spheroids), (4) a large nucleus of micrite framboid aggregates coated with a thin micritic sheath, and (5) a small sparry nuclei rimmed by coarse-grained, radiated euhedral rays. The irregular contact beneath the Zuodeng microbialites is interpreted as a subaerial exposure surface due to regional regression in South China. The demise of the Zuodeng microbialites may have been due to rapid rise in sea-level because they grew in relatively shallow marine conditions and are overlain by muddy limestones containing pelagic conodonts. Also siliciclastic content increases above the microbialite, suggesting a possible climate-related increase in weathering as the transgression progressed.
    Keywords algae ; body size ; calcite ; color ; fossils ; limestone ; photosynthesis ; sea level ; sediments ; weathering ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-05
    Size p. 115-128.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2016967-X
    ISSN 0921-8181
    ISSN 0921-8181
    DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.02.011
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  3. Article: An Early Triassic (Smithian) stromatolite associated with giant ooid banks from Lichuan (Hubei Province), South China: Environment and controls on its formation

    Fang, Yuheng / Zhong-Qiang Chen / Stephen Kershaw / Yang Li / Mao Luo

    Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2016,

    2016  

    Abstract: Here we report the thickest Early Triassic stromatolite so far recorded, which developed within giant ooid banks in the upper Smithian succession (Lower Triassic) of the Lichuan area, western Hubei Province, South China. Approximately 16m of stromatolite ...

    Abstract Here we report the thickest Early Triassic stromatolite so far recorded, which developed within giant ooid banks in the upper Smithian succession (Lower Triassic) of the Lichuan area, western Hubei Province, South China. Approximately 16m of stromatolite is embedded within ca. 30-m-thick oolitic limestones that crop out in the upper Daye Formation. The associated conodonts suggest a late Smithian (Early Triassic) age for the stromatolite-ooid complex. Stromatolites exhibit domal, stratified columnar, wavy laminated, cabbage-shaped, roll-up, and conical structures. Stromatolites are overlain by thick oolitic limestone, implying that the demise of the Lichuan stromatolite may be attributed to an environmental change to agitated shallow waters. Four types of microbially-induced microstructures are recognizable in the stromatolites, including diffuse laminated, reticular, intraclastic, and irregular clotted microstructures. Co-occurrence of these microbe-induced microstructures indicates a biogenic origin for the Lichuan stromatolite. The ooids can be categorized into circular, compound, superficial, and irregular types. Some interior layers within ooids exhibit intense fluorescence, indicative of microbial organomineralization, which may have contributed to the formation of the ooids. Moreover, abundant nanometer-scale textures and particles are usually interpreted as microbial involvement during the formation of the dolomite. These nano-textures in both stromatolites and ooids, and authigenic quartz grains commonly preserved in stromatolite can be attributed to abundant organic matter in seawater, resulting from microbial proliferation. The stromatolites described here are evidence of flourishing microbial communities on both eastern and western margins of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the middle Early Triassic, suggesting episodic degradation of marine ecosystems after the Permian–Triassic mass extinction.
    Keywords dolomite ; extinction ; fluorescence ; limestone ; marine ecosystems ; microbial communities ; microstructure ; organic matter ; quartz ; seawater ; China
    Language English
    Size p. .
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 417718-6
    ISSN 0031-0182
    ISSN 0031-0182
    DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.006
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 67/162: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Taphonomy and palaeobiology of early Middle Triassic coprolites from the Luoping biota, southwest China: Implications for reconstruction of fossil food webs

    Luo, Mao / Hu, Shixue / Benton, M. J. / Shi, G.R. / Zhao, Laishi / Huang, Jinyuan / Song, Haijun / Wen, Wen / Zhang, Qiyue / Fang, Yuheng / Huang, Yuangeng / Chen, Zhong-Qiang

    Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2017 May 15, v. 474 p.232-246

    2017  

    Abstract: Abundant, exceptionally preserved coprolites are documented from the Luoping biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Yunnan Province, southwest China. These coprolites can be categorized into four morphological types: A) bead to ribbon-shaped, B) short to ... ...

    Abstract Abundant, exceptionally preserved coprolites are documented from the Luoping biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Yunnan Province, southwest China. These coprolites can be categorized into four morphological types: A) bead to ribbon-shaped, B) short to long cylindrical-shaped, C) flattened, disk-like, and D) segmented faeces. Detailed multi-disciplinary studies reveal that coprolite type A was likely produced by invertebrate animals, while coprolite types B to D could be faeces generated by carnivorous fishes or marine reptiles, perhaps from different taxonomic groups. When compared with coprolites reported from the Lower Triassic, the Luoping forms indicate more complicated predation-prey food web networks. These evidences, combined with body fossil discoveries from Luoping, suggest the emergence of complex trophic ecosystems in the Anisian, marking the full biotic recovery following the Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction.
    Keywords carnivores ; ecosystems ; extinction ; feces ; fish ; food webs ; fossils ; invertebrates ; reptiles ; China ; Predation-prey ; Food web ; Biotic recovery ; Anisian ; Yunnan Province
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0515
    Size p. 232-246.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 417718-6
    ISSN 0031-0182
    ISSN 0031-0182
    DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.06.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 67/162: Show issues

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  5. Article ; Online: Complete biotic and sedimentary records of the Permian–Triassic transition from Meishan section, South China: Ecologically assessing mass extinction and its aftermath

    Chen, Zhong-Qiang / Yang, Hao / Luo, Mao / Benton, M. J. / Kaiho, Kunio / Zhao, Laishi / Huang, Yuangeng / Zhang, Kexing / Fang, Yuheng / Jiang, Haishui / Qiu, Huan / Li, Yang / Tu, Chengyi / Shi, Lei / Zhang, Lei / Feng, Xueqian / Chen, Long

    Earth-science reviews. 2015 Oct., v. 149 p.67-107

    2015  

    Abstract: The Meishan section, South China is the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB), and is also well known for the best record demonstrating the Permian–Triassic mass extinction (PTME) all over the world. This ... ...

    Abstract The Meishan section, South China is the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB), and is also well known for the best record demonstrating the Permian–Triassic mass extinction (PTME) all over the world. This section has also been studied using multidisciplinary approaches to reveal the possible causes for the greatest Phanerozoic biocrisis of life on Earth; many important scenarios interpreting the great dying have been proposed on the basis of data from Meishan. Nevertheless, debates on biotic extinction patterns and possible killers still continue. This paper reviews all fossil and sedimentary records from the Permo-Triassic (P–Tr) transition, based on previously published data and our newly obtained data from Meishan, and assesses ecologically the PTME and its aftermath to determine the biotic response to climatic and environmental extremes associated with the biocrisis. Eight updated conodont zones: Clarkina yini, Clarkina meishanensis, Hindeodus changxingensis, Clarkina taylorae, Hindeodus parvus, Isarcicella staeschei, Isarcicella isarcica, and Clarkina planata zones are proposed for the PTB beds at Meishan. Major turnover in fossil fragment contents and ichnodiversity occurs across the boundary between Bed 24e-5 and Bed 24e-6, suggesting an extinction horizon in a thin stratigraphic interval. The irregular surface in the middle of Bed 27 is re-interpreted as a firmground of Glossifungites ichnofacies rather than the previously proposed submarine dissolution surface or hardground surface. Both fossil fragment contents and ichnodiversity underwent dramatic declines in Beds 25–26a, coinciding with metazoan mass extinction. Fossil fragment content, ichnodiversity and all ichnofabric proxies (including burrow size, tiering level, bioturbation level) indicate that the P–Tr ecologic crisis comprises two discrete stages, coinciding with the first and second phases of the PTME in Meishan. Ecologic crisis lagged behind biodiversity decline during the PTME. Pyrite framboid size variations suggest that depositional redox condition was anoxic to euxinic in the latest Changhsingian, became euxinic in Beds 25–26a, turned dysoxic in Bed 27, then varied from euxinic to anoxic through most of the Griesbachian. The ~9°C increase in seawater surface temperature from Bed 24e to Bed 27 at Meishan seems to result in dramatic declines in biodiversity and fossil fragment contents in Beds 25–26a, but had little effect on all ecologic proxies. Both metazoans and infauna seem not to have been affected by the pre-extinction anoxic–euxinic condition. The anoxic event associated with the PTME may have occurred in a much shorter period than previously thought and is only recorded in Beds 25–26a at Meishan. Fossil fragment contents, ichnofaunas, ichnofabrics and pyrite framboid size all show that no signs of oceanic acidification and anoxia existed in Bed 27. The early Griesbachian anoxia may have resulted in rarity of ichnofauna and metazoans in the lower Yinkeng Formation, in which the ichnofauna is characterized by small, simple horizontal burrows of Planolites, and metazoan faunas are characterized by low diversity, high abundance, opportunist-dominated communities. The rapid increase of ~9°C in sea-surface temperature and a short anoxia or acidification coincided with the first-pulse biocrisis, while a prolonged and widespread anoxia probably due to a long period of high seawater temperate condition may be crucial in mortality of most organisms in the second-pulse PTME. Marine ecosystems started to recover, coupled with environmental amelioration, in the late Griesbachian.
    Keywords Animalia ; Meishan ; acidification ; biodiversity ; bioturbation ; burrows ; extinction ; fauna ; fossils ; marine ecosystems ; mortality ; pyrite ; seawater ; surface water temperature ; China ; Mass extinction ; Permian–Triassic ; Fossil fragment ; Trace fossils ; Redox condition ; Meishan section
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-10
    Size p. 67-107.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1792-9
    ISSN 0012-8252
    ISSN 0012-8252
    DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.005
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 69/92: Show issues

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