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Article ; Online: Ownership Structure and Accounting Conservatism

Fangfang Song

Modern Economy , Vol 06, Iss 04, Pp 478-

A Literature Review

2015 Volume 483

Abstract: With the rapid development of modern corporate theory, the divergence of interests of shareholders and management began to increase, leading to more and more conflicts between the shareholders and managers. The agency problem hindered the company and ... ...

Abstract	With the rapid development of modern corporate theory, the divergence of interests of shareholders and management began to increase, leading to more and more conflicts between the shareholders and managers. The agency problem hindered the company and shareholders to maximize their value. A reasonable ownership structure and sound accounting information can alleviate the problems caused by the agency conflict. Therefore, many scholars began to research the relationship between ownership structure and accounting conservatism. This article summarizes the relevant literature mainly from the ownership concentration, the degree of equity checks and balances, institutional ownership and state ownership of these four aspects, in order to provide theoretical support for the follow-up study.
Keywords	Ownership Concentration ; Equity Restriction Ratio ; Institutional Investors ; Accounting Conservatism ; Economic theory. Demography ; HB1-3840 ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	650
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Scientific Research Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Number of Positive Tumor Markers (NPTM) Achieves Higher Value in the Prognosis Prediction of Gastric Cancer

Limin Li / Bing Ma / Fubin Liu / Chao Sheng / Yu Peng / Yating Qiao / Peng Wang / Kexin Chen / Fangfang Song

Disease Markers, Vol

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: Purpose. The clinical application of combined tumor markers is still limited. We aim to explore the value of the combination of multiple tumor markers in gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. Methods. The prognostic significance was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier ...

Abstract	Purpose. The clinical application of combined tumor markers is still limited. We aim to explore the value of the combination of multiple tumor markers in gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. Methods. The prognostic significance was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier log-rank survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis. The estimated area under the curve (AUC) was compared to evaluate the discriminatory ability of different indicators. A nomogram was constructed based on the results of multivariable cox regression, and its performance was evaluated by Harrell’s concordance index and calibration curve. Results. NPTM (number of positive tumor markers) displayed independent prognostic significance whether in the whole cohort or in patients with different stages. Patients with the all-negative tumor markers had a worse prognosis after postoperative chemotherapy in all cohort (P=0.023) or in age ≤60 subgroup (P=0.012), while patients with positive tumor markers had a better prognosis after postoperative chemotherapy in stage III (P=0.012). The AUC value of NPTM is higher than any individual tumor marker. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUC values of the CTNM (combination of NPTM and pTNM) increased by 5%, 4.8%, and 3.6%, respectively, compared with TNM staging system. The nomogram constructed including NPTM showed its high accuracy (C−index=0.706) versus TNM staging system (C−index=0.646) and CTNM (C−index=0.681). Conclusions. NPTM was an independent predictor of gastric cancer prognosis, showing more accurate prognostic performance than individual tumor markers. Especially its significance in guiding postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and predicting prognosis by combination with TNM staging system may have a better clinical application value.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ethylbenzene induces hearing loss by triggering mitochondrial impairments and excess apoptosis in cochlear progenitor cells via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Ming Zhang / Tengjiao Qu / Siyu Liu / Fangjin Yu / Lin Fan / Dafeng Lin / Qiang Zhang / Fangfang Song / Meibian Zhang / Bo Cui / Shun Zhang

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 254, Iss , Pp 114721- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Ethylbenzene (EB) is widely distributed at low levels in the environment from vehicle emissions, industrial discharge, cigarette smoke, and in some food and consumer products. Evidence shows that EB exposure is associated with hearing loss, yet the ... ...

Abstract	Ethylbenzene (EB) is widely distributed at low levels in the environment from vehicle emissions, industrial discharge, cigarette smoke, and in some food and consumer products. Evidence shows that EB exposure is associated with hearing loss, yet the mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a key role during cochlear development, in EB-induced hearing loss. In vitro, we found that EB treatment decreased the viability of cochlear progenitor cells (CPCs), isolated from the cochleae of neonatal rats and crucial for cochlear hair cells generation and hearing construction, via inducing mitochondrial impairments and excessive apoptosis. These were accompanied by the inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, as manifested by the decreased levels of related molecules β-catenin, LEF-1 and Lgr5. These findings were further confirmed by knocking down β-catenin and immunofluorescence analysis. Interestingly, adenovirus-mediated β-catenin overexpression activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling network, alleviated mitochondrial impairments, reduced cell apoptosis, therefore promoting CPCs survival under EB treatment conditions. Finally, using adult Sprague–Dawley rats as an in vivo model with EB inhalation for 13 weeks, we found that exposure to EB decreased body weight gain, increased the hearing thresholds at different exposure stages, along with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway suppression in cochlear tissue. More importantly, cochlear microinjection of recombinant lentivirus expressing β-catenin significantly reversed EB-elicited these deleterious effects. Collectively, our results indicate that EB induces hearing loss by triggering mitochondrial impairments and excess apoptosis in CPCs via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and provide clues for the possible therapy.
Keywords	Ethylbenzene ; Hearing loss ; Wnt/β-catenin ; Cochlear progenitor cells ; Mitochondrial impairments ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Osteoblast-intrinsic defect in glucose metabolism impairs bone formation in type II diabetic male mice

Fangfang Song / Won Dong Lee / Tyler Marmo / Xing Ji / Chao Song / Xueyang Liao / Rebecca Seeley / Lutian Yao / Haoran Liu / Fanxin Long

eLife, Vol

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Skeletal fragility is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, in a mouse model for youth-onset T2D, we show that both trabecular and cortical bone mass is reduced due to diminished ... ...

Abstract	Skeletal fragility is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, in a mouse model for youth-onset T2D, we show that both trabecular and cortical bone mass is reduced due to diminished osteoblast activity. Stable isotope tracing in vivo with 13C-glucose demonstrates that both glycolysis and glucose fueling of the TCA cycle are impaired in diabetic bones. Similarly, Seahorse assays show suppression of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by diabetes in bone marrow mesenchymal cells as a whole, whereas single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct modes of metabolic dysregulation among the subpopulations. Metformin not only promotes glycolysis and osteoblast differentiation in vitro, but also improves bone mass in diabetic mice. Finally, osteoblast-specific overexpression of either Hif1a, a general inducer of glycolysis, or Pfkfb3 which stimulates a specific step in glycolysis, averts bone loss in T2D mice. The study identifies osteoblast-intrinsic defects in glucose metabolism as an underlying cause of diabetic osteopenia, which may be targeted therapeutically.
Keywords	bone ; type II diabetes ; diabetic osteopenia ; glucose metabolism ; osteoblast ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risk-stratified multi-round PSA screening for prostate cancer integrating the screening reference level and subgroup-specific progression indicators

Xiaomin Liu / Yu Zhang / Hongyuan Duan / Lei Yang / Chao Sheng / Zeyu Fan / Ya Liu / Ying Gao / Xing Wang / Qing Zhang / Zhangyan Lyu / Fangfang Song / Fengju Song / Yubei Huang

European Journal of Medical Research, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in prostate cancer (PCa) screening, nearly half of PCa cases are missed and less than one-third of cases are non-lethal. Adopting diagnostic criteria in population-based ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in prostate cancer (PCa) screening, nearly half of PCa cases are missed and less than one-third of cases are non-lethal. Adopting diagnostic criteria in population-based screening and ignoring PSA progression are presumed leading causes. Methods A total of 31,942 participants with multi-round PSA tests from the PLCO trial were included. Time-dependent receiver-operating-characteristic curves and area under curves (tdAUCs) were performed to determine the screening reference level and the optimal subgroup-specific progression indicator. Effects of risk-stratified multi-round PSA screening were evaluated with multivariable Cox regression and measured with hazard ratio [HR (95%CIs)]. Results After a median follow-up of 11.6 years, a total of 3484 PCa cases and 216 PCa deaths were documented. The tdAUC of 10-year incidence PCa with PSA was 0.816, and the cut-off value was 1.61 ng/ml. Compared to subgroup with stable negative PSA in both first-round (FR) and last-round (LR) tests [FR(−)/LR(−)], HRs (95%CI) of PCa incidence were 1.66 (1.20–2.29), 8.29 (7.25–9.48), and 14.52 (12.95–16.28) for subgroups with loss of positive PSA[FR(+)/LR(−)], gain of positive PSA[FR(−)/LR(+)], and stable positive PSA[FR(+)/LR(+)]; while HRs(95%CI) of PCa mortality were 1.47 (0.52–4.15), 5.71 (3.68–8.86), and 5.01 (3.41–7.37). After excluding regressive PSA [(namely FR(+)/LR(−)], absolute velocity was the shared optimal progression indicator for subgroups with FR(−)/LR(−), FR(−)/LR(+), and FR(+)/LR(+), with tdAUCs of 0.665, 0.681 and 0.741, and cut-off values of 0.07, 0.21, and 0.33 ng/ml/year. After reclassifying participants into groups with positive and negative progression based on subgroup-specific progression indicators, incidence HR (95%CI) were 2.41 (1.87–3.10), 2.91 (2.43–3.48), and 3.16 (2.88–3.46) for positive progression compared to negative progression within subgroups of FR(−)/LR(−), FR(−)/LR(+), and FR(+)/LR(+), while mortality HR (95%CI) were 2.22 ...
Keywords	Prostate cancer ; PSA ; Screening ; Progress ; Velocity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic predisposition and risk of colorectal cancer

Fubin Liu / Yanling Lv / Yu Peng / Yating Qiao / Peng Wang / Changyu Si / Xixuan Wang / Jianxiao Gong / Huijun Zhou / Ming Zhang / Liangkai Chen / Fangfang Song

Journal of Translational Medicine, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a prospective study from the UK Biobank

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background Plant-based dietary patterns may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) related outcomes, while risks differ in the quality of plant foods. We aimed to examine the association of plant-based diet quality with risks of CRC incidence and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Plant-based dietary patterns may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) related outcomes, while risks differ in the quality of plant foods. We aimed to examine the association of plant-based diet quality with risks of CRC incidence and mortality and whether this association was modified by genetic risk. Methods This prospective cohort study included 186,675 participants free of cancer when the last dietary recall was completed. We calculated three plant-based diet indices (PDIs), i.e., the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) representing adherence to plant-based diets with diverse quality. Genetic risk was characterized using a weighted polygenic risk score (PRS), capturing overall risk variants associated with CRC. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) were estimated by the cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model. Results Over a follow-up of 9.5 years, 2163 cases and 466 deaths from CRC were documented. The HR of CRC incidence was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.96) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84–0.99) per 10-score increase in PDI and hPDI, respectively. Compared to the lowest quartile, PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in the highest quartile were associated with a 13% decrease, a 15% decrease, and a 14% increase in risk of incident CRC, respectively. We found a joint association of genetic risk and PDIs with incident CRC, with the highest hazard observed in those carrying higher PRS and adhering to lower-quality PDIs. The inverse association of PDI and hPDI with CRC mortality was pronounced in males. Conclusions Our results suggested that better adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CRC, whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with a higher CRC risk. Consumption of a higher-quality plant-based diet combined with decreased genetic risk conferred less susceptibility to CRC. Our findings highlighted the importance of food quality when adhering to a ...
Keywords	Plant-based diet indices ; Diet quality ; Colorectal cancer ; Polygenic risk score ; UK Biobank ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Design and performance of urban sponges in red soil

Yunpeng Jing / Jian Li / Yimin Mei / Xiao Liu / Xuelan Yu / Xuezhou Hu / Fangfang Song / Mingming Lu

Journal of Water and Climate Change, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 371-

improvement of physical and chemical properties

2021 Volume 383

Abstract: This study investigated the physical and chemical properties of a single or combination of permeable materials which can be used as fillers in the Sponge City program in China. Four types of fillers, perlite, coral sand, vermiculite and ceramsite, were ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the physical and chemical properties of a single or combination of permeable materials which can be used as fillers in the Sponge City program in China. Four types of fillers, perlite, coral sand, vermiculite and ceramsite, were selected from six alternative fillers by an analytic hierarchy process. The optimal city sponge, which consists of vermiculite (10 cm), ceramsite (15 cm), perlite (15 cm), coral sand (20 cm) and Canna indica L, was found by the orthogonal experiment (L16(45)). The results of the simulated rainwater experiment of the optimal sponge showed that the permeability coefficient K10, NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate were 1.20 ± 0.23 mm/s, 96.6 ± 0.2%, 36.8 ± 0.07% and 9.6 ± 0.07% respectively. The results suggested that the optimal sponge had an excellent treatment effect on NH3-N in rainwater while ensuring rapid infiltration. It provided a simple, economical and effective method for rainwater treatment and the Sponge City program in the future.
Keywords	analytic hierarchy process ; rain garden ; rainwater runoff ; red soil ; sponge city ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IWA Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality

Ya Liu / Fubin Liu / Liwen Zhang / Junxian Li / Wenjuan Kang / Mingli Cao / Fangfang Song / Fengju Song

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

results from the NHANES 1999–2014

2021 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract The association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all-cause mortality has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations still exist. We used the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all-cause mortality has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations still exist. We used the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with 19,034 people to assess the association between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality. All participants were followed up until 2015 except those younger than 18 years old, after excluding those who died within three years of follow-up, a total of 1619 deaths among 19,034 people were included in the analysis. In the age-adjusted model (model 1), it was found that the lowest LDL-C group had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.708 [1.432–2.037]) than LDL-C 100–129 mg/dL as a reference group. The crude-adjusted model (model 2) suggests that people with the lowest level of LDL-C had 1.600 (95% CI [1.325–1.932]) times the odds compared with the reference group, after adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, education level, smoking status, body mass index (BMI). In the fully-adjusted model (model 3), people with the lowest level of LDL-C had 1.373 (95% CI [1.130–1.668]) times the odds compared with the reference group, after additionally adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer based on model 2. The results from restricted cubic spine (RCS) curve showed that when the LDL-C concentration (130 mg/dL) was used as the reference, there is a U-shaped relationship between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, we found that low level of LDL-C is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. The observed association persisted after adjusting for potential confounders. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal relationship between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prediction of Two Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer Based on Immune Signature

Dan Wu / Mengyao Feng / Hongru Shen / Xilin Shen / Jiani Hu / Jilei Liu / Yichen Yang / Yang Li / Meng Yang / Wei Wang / Qiang Zhang / Fangfang Song / Ben Liu / Kexin Chen / Xiangchun Li

Frontiers in Genetics, Vol

2022 Volume 12

Abstract: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common type of human cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the immune infiltration signatures of gastric cancer and their relation to prognosis. We ... ...

Abstract	Gastric cancer is the fifth most common type of human cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the immune infiltration signatures of gastric cancer and their relation to prognosis. We identified two distinct subtypes of gastric cancer (C1/C2) characterized by different immune infiltration signatures. C1 is featured by immune resting, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis pathways, while C2 is featured by enrichment of the MYC target, oxidative phosphorylation, and E2F target pathways. The C2 subtype has a better prognosis than the C1 subtype (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44–0.85; log-rank test, p = 0.0029). The association of C1/C2 with prognosis remained statistically significant (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44–0.87; p = 0.006) after controlling for age, gender, and stage. The prognosis prediction of C1/C2 was verified in four independent cohorts (including an internal cohort). In summary, our study is helpful for better understanding of the association between immune infiltration and the prognosis of gastric cancer.
Keywords	gastric cancer ; immune signature ; molecular subtypes ; prognosis ; computational biology ; Genetics ; QH426-470
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Miscell

Hongru Shen / Yang Li / Mengyao Feng / Xilin Shen / Dan Wu / Chao Zhang / Yichen Yang / Meng Yang / Jiani Hu / Jilei Liu / Wei Wang / Qiang Zhang / Fangfang Song / Jilong Yang / Kexin Chen / Xiangchun Li

iScience, Vol 24, Iss 11, Pp 103200- (2021)

An efficient self-supervised learning approach for dissecting single-cell transcriptome

2021

Abstract: Summary: We developed Miscell, a self-supervised learning approach with deep neural network as latent feature encoder for mining information from single-cell transcriptomes. We demonstrated the capability of Miscell with canonical single-cell analysis ... ...

Abstract	Summary: We developed Miscell, a self-supervised learning approach with deep neural network as latent feature encoder for mining information from single-cell transcriptomes. We demonstrated the capability of Miscell with canonical single-cell analysis tasks including delineation of single-cell clusters and identification of cluster-specific marker genes. We evaluated Miscell along with three state-of-the-art methods on three heterogeneous datasets. Miscell achieved at least comparable or better performance than the other methods by significant margin on a variety of clustering metrics such as adjusted rand index, normalized mutual information, and V-measure score. Miscell can identify cell-type specific markers by quantifying the influence of genes on cell clusters via deep learning approach.
Keywords	Biological sciences ; Neural networks ; Transcriptomics ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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