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  1. Article ; Online: The effects of physical activity on pediatric eyes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Dastamooz, Sima / Yam, Jason C / Tham, Clement C Y / Wong, Stephen H S / Farahani, Mohammad H D / Xueting, Ku / Sit, Cindy H P

    Preventive medicine

    2024  Volume 179, Page(s) 107845

    Abstract: Introduction: Examining the retina represents a non-invasive method to evaluate abnormalities pertaining to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Evidence indicates that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance the nervous ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Examining the retina represents a non-invasive method to evaluate abnormalities pertaining to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Evidence indicates that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance the nervous and cardiovascular systems. However, little is unknown about its effects on ocular characteristics in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity interventions on ocular characteristics in children and adolescents.
    Method: The electronic bases Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched from inception to May 2023. Incorporated were randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental designs that had implemented acute or chronic physical activity interventions among children and adolescents to evaluate various eye-related attributes via clinical examinations or surveys. Two authors independently performed the data extraction and risk of bias assessment, utilizing the Physiotherapy Evidence Database checklist.
    Results: A total of 474 articles were identified, of which eight articles underwent a systematic review, and six were chosen for meta-analysis. Chronic physical activity interventions positively impacted central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) with a small to moderate effect (SMD = 0.21; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.39, p = 0.034, I
    Discussion: Participating in chronic physical activity programs appear to impact children and adolescents' eye-related attributes positively.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Exercise/physiology ; Medicine ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Eye/growth & development
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107845
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The efficacy of physical exercise interventions on mental health, cognitive function, and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD: an umbrella review.

    Dastamooz, Sima / Sadeghi-Bahmani, Dena / Farahani, Mohammad H D / Wong, Stephen H S / Yam, Jason C S / Tham, Clement C Y / Sit, Cindy H P

    EClinicalMedicine

    2023  Volume 62, Page(s) 102137

    Abstract: Background: A considerable number of published reviews have addressed the effects of physical exercise on mental health, cognitive function, or attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms as outcomes in children and adolescents with ADHD. Their ... ...

    Abstract Background: A considerable number of published reviews have addressed the effects of physical exercise on mental health, cognitive function, or attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms as outcomes in children and adolescents with ADHD. Their findings have often conflicted, therefore, there is an urgent need to synthesise a hierarchy of the evidence and examine the credibility of previous meta-analyses. To establish the robustness of these findings, we conducted an additional meta-analysis on a number of individual studies that were not covered in previous reviews but were suitable for inclusion in our own study.
    Methods: Three reviewers independently searched Web of Science, Psych INFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) for meta-analyses published between database inceptions to December 1, 2022. The individual studies were also screened from 1 January 2015 to 1 December 2022. We included meta-analyses and eligible individual studies that addressed the effects of exercise on at least one outcome of mental health, cognitive function, or ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. We excluded systematic reviews and articles that lacked sufficient data for a meaningful second analysis. The effect estimates (Hedges' g), 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 95% prediction interval (95% PI), small study effects, and excess significance bias were calculated. Finally, we categorised the meta-analyses based on the credibility of the evidence criteria and their quality using a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 checklist. This umbrella review was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022361331.
    Findings: Of 181 listed review articles and 60 individual papers, 10 reviews and 12 individual articles were included in the meta-analyses. This yielded 37 meta-analyses based on 106 study estimates. Evidence was highly suggestive for the effectiveness of exercise (class II) for improving inattention (G = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.44-1.39, 95%), inhibitory control (G = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.52-1.13), and cognitive flexibility (G = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.72). However, evidence for the effectiveness of exercise on emotional, social, and working memory outcomes was weak, and these results were not significant for hyperactivity and behavioural functioning.
    Interpretation: Improvement of cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and inattention in children and adolescents with ADHD was highly suggested by exercise interventions. However, results were weak for other outcomes (emotional functioning, social functioning, and working memory). Further high-quality randomised controlled trials are, therefore, warranted to determine the effectiveness of exercise on weak outcomes.
    Funding: None.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-5370
    ISSN (online) 2589-5370
    DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102137
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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