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  1. Article: Jackfruit trees as seed attractors and nurses of early recruitment of native plant species in a secondary forest in Brazil

    Gomes, Milena / Cazetta, Eliana / Bovendorp, Ricardo / Faria, Deborah

    Plant ecology. 2021 Oct., v. 222, no. 10

    2021  

    Abstract: The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world, being drastically reduced, fragmented, and disturbed. The drastic process of anthropic occupation and exploitation of this biome has, in many cases, led to the introduction ... ...

    Abstract The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world, being drastically reduced, fragmented, and disturbed. The drastic process of anthropic occupation and exploitation of this biome has, in many cases, led to the introduction of exotic species, such as the jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus). However, studies on the influence of jackfruits on the native biota are still scarce. Here we investigated the influence of fruit trees on the seed rain and early recruitment of seedlings in native remnants, comparing these patterns with those observed for a native species tapirira (Tapirira guianensis), which similarly to jackfruits, produces many fruits throughout the year, attracting a variety of frugivore species. Seed rain and seedlings observed under the jackfruits were both more abundant and equally rich to the assemblages reported under the native tapirira trees. In both species, co-specifics comprise a large part of the number of seeds (> 70%) and seedlings (> 45%) individuals and, although they attract similar seed assemblages, seedling composition diverge, particularly when co-specifics are excluded. We reported that jackfruits can attract a diverse seed and seedling assemblages, and we find no evidence that the presence of jackfruits negatively affects the arrival and initial recruitment of native plant species in the study area. These results should be analyzed with caution but considered when evaluating costs and benefits of management options to control exotic species.
    Keywords Artocarpus heterophyllus ; ecosystems ; frugivores ; fruits ; indigenous species ; introduced species ; jackfruits ; occupations ; plant ecology ; secondary forests ; seed dispersal ; seedlings ; Brazil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-10
    Size p. 1143-1155.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1364679-5
    ISSN 1573-5052 ; 1385-0237
    ISSN (online) 1573-5052
    ISSN 1385-0237
    DOI 10.1007/s11258-021-01167-9
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Combining species distribution modeling and field surveys to reappraise the geographic distribution and conservation status of the threatened thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus).

    Giné, Gastón Andrés Fernandez / Faria, Deborah

    PloS one

    2018  Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) e0207914

    Abstract: The threatened thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus), a forest-specialist endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest, was rarely detected in the wild during the 20th century. Previous geographic distribution assessments were carried out nearly ... ...

    Abstract The threatened thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus), a forest-specialist endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest, was rarely detected in the wild during the 20th century. Previous geographic distribution assessments were carried out nearly three decades ago and were based on interview data. We performed extensive field surveys (based on active search and interviews), a literature review, and species distribution modeling to predict and validate a more reliable picture of its geographic distribution and environmental suitability gradient. We identified the main predictors of species' incidence, its conservation status, and pinpointed key areas for species conservation. Our results indicated that C. subspinosus is distributed continuously in the Atlantic forest from southeastern Espirito Santo to central-eastern Sergipe state, totaling 104,326 km2 of occurrence area, although only 3,299 km2 (13.3%) is currently represented by native forests (species habitat). C. subspinosus was absent or at least so rare that it was not detected in more than half of the locations sampled by interviews (53.5%). Our results suggest that populations are sensitive to climatic conditions and habitat loss, becoming abruptly rarer when the remaining forest cover reaches less than 10% area within a region (~ 5,000 km2 scale). This result indicates that the high deforestation level of the Atlantic forest is already close to the limit of regional species resistance. Bahia state still harbors the bulk of the remaining forest with high climatic suitability, and generally under low levels of legal protection. Herein we highlight priority areas and research gaps that could guide decision makers to promote conservation strategies for this threatened species.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/statistics & numerical data ; Decision Making ; Ecosystem ; Endangered Species/statistics & numerical data ; Geography ; Models, Statistical ; Porcupines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0207914
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Cabruca agroforestry systems reduce vulnerability of cacao plantations to climate change in southern Bahia

    Heming, Neander Marcel / Schroth, Goetz / Talora, Daniela C. / Faria, Deborah

    Agronomy for sustainable development. 2022 June, v. 42, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: In southern Bahia, Brazil’s traditional cacao region, cacao is mostly grown under the shade of thinned Atlantic Forest (known as cabruca). These agroforestry systems are gradually being replaced by unshaded cacao monocultures that might be more ... ...

    Abstract In southern Bahia, Brazil’s traditional cacao region, cacao is mostly grown under the shade of thinned Atlantic Forest (known as cabruca). These agroforestry systems are gradually being replaced by unshaded cacao monocultures that might be more vulnerable to changes in climate; however, the impacts of climate change have not been evaluated yet. We assessed the impact of climate change on the climatic suitability of cacao plantations in southern Bahia and evaluated to what extent the cabrucas reduce the vulnerability of cacao as compared to unshaded plantations. We measured the maximum temperature in a gradient of canopy cover during the warmest month of the year and projected ecological niche models (MaxEnt) on climate projections for 2050 simulating the microclimate of three production systems: cabrucas, intermediate shading, and unshaded plantations. We found that canopy cover drastically reduces daily maximum temperature, so that understory temperature in cabrucas can be up to 6.0 °C lower than in unshaded plantations. We show for the first time that all projected environmental changes negatively affect cacao in southern Bahia, diminishing its climatic suitability and reducing overall suitable areas across the region. More importantly, this study is the first one to show that cabrucas can reduce the negative impacts of climate change for cacao, especially where temperature extremes approach or exceed crop tolerance limits. We conclude that maximizing short-term profits by implementing unshaded monocultures will likely lead to production losses in the long term. Cabrucas have a central role in reducing the vulnerability of cacao to climate change and since these traditional agroforestry systems cannot be quickly restored, their conservation should be an important goal of agricultural policies in the region.
    Keywords agroforestry ; agronomy ; canopy ; climate change ; forests ; microclimate ; niches ; sustainable development ; temperature ; understory ; Brazil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Size p. 48.
    Publishing place Springer Paris
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2182736-9
    ISSN 1774-0746
    ISSN 1774-0746
    DOI 10.1007/s13593-022-00780-w
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  4. Article: Landscape structure shapes activity levels and composition of aerial insectivorous bats at different spatial scales

    Falcão, Fábio / Dodonov, Pavel / Caselli, Christini B / dos Santos, Juliana Silveira / Faria, Deborah

    Biodiversity and conservation. 2021 July, v. 30, no. 8-9

    2021  

    Abstract: Tropical forests are being lost and modified at an unprecedented rate, with extant biodiversity increasingly restricted to human-modified landscapes. Resulting changes in landscape structure are shaping diversity patterns, with features such as habitat ... ...

    Abstract Tropical forests are being lost and modified at an unprecedented rate, with extant biodiversity increasingly restricted to human-modified landscapes. Resulting changes in landscape structure are shaping diversity patterns, with features such as habitat amount, edge density, and matrix quality determining species persistence. We assessed the importance of landscape composition (forest amount and matrix composition) and configuration (edge density) on diversity patterns of aerial insectivorous bats in Brazilian Atlantic Forest landscapes. We sampled 40 sites in two nearby sub-regions, one contained more forest cover and shade cacao plantations while the other was less forested and dominated by pastures. Based on echolocation calls, we detected 17 sonotypes that could be attributed to at least 13 species belonging to three families. The two sub-regions comprised bat assemblages similar in species richness but different in species composition and activity levels (a surrogate for abundance). Whereas species richness was not influenced by landscape structure at the largest spatial scale of study, activity levels were shaped by changes in landscape composition and configuration, with different responses for forest and open-area foragers. Decreasing activity of forest foragers was the most evident response of bat diversity to landscape structure at different spatial scales. Given the value of this biological group for key ecosystem services such as pest control, our findings highlight the importance of considering regional landscape features for management and prediction of future scenarios of anthropization.
    Keywords Chiroptera ; echolocation ; ecosystems ; habitats ; insectivores ; landscapes ; pest control ; prediction ; species richness
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-07
    Size p. 2545-2564.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2000787-5
    ISSN 1572-9710 ; 0960-3115
    ISSN (online) 1572-9710
    ISSN 0960-3115
    DOI 10.1007/s10531-021-02210-x
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  5. Article: Landscape forest loss changes sunfleck dynamics in forest fragments of southern Bahia, Brazil

    Reis, Igor Pires / Rocha-Santos, Larissa / Leal, Adrielle / Faria, Deborah / Mielke, Marcelo Schramm

    Journal of tropical ecology. 2021 Mar., v. 37, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: Landscape-scale habitat loss can change the floristic composition of forest fragments, affecting the survival of specific groups of plants, as shade-tolerant and emergent trees. This increasing in tree mortality creates forest canopy gaps of different ... ...

    Abstract Landscape-scale habitat loss can change the floristic composition of forest fragments, affecting the survival of specific groups of plants, as shade-tolerant and emergent trees. This increasing in tree mortality creates forest canopy gaps of different sizes that ultimately determine the solar radiation available in the forest understorey. We conducted a study aiming to assess how the loss of forest cover at landscape level (i.e. deforestation) affects the sunfleck dynamics, a proxy of light regime in forest understorey. We expected that fragments located in landscapes with less forest cover have a high number of larger canopy gaps and, consequently, long-lasting sunflecks. In each forest fragment, a 100 per 50 m plot was established, and in each plot, we took 10 hemispherical photographs. The images were analysed using the Gap Light Analyzer software. The sunflecks were divided into six temporal classes. We evidenced that landscape-scale deforestation increased the frequency of all sunfleck intervals >8 min, particularly the long-lasting (> 32 min) sunflecks. We propose that the increasing frequency of long-lasting sunflecks reduces suitability of microhabitat to some shade-tolerant species in local fragments, a potential proximal mechanism contributing to compositional shifts of tree assemblages observed in forest fragments within deforested landscapes.
    Keywords botanical composition ; computer software ; deforestation ; forest canopy ; forests ; habitat destruction ; habitat fragmentation ; landscapes ; microhabitats ; photoperiod ; shade tolerance ; solar radiation ; tree mortality ; trees ; understory ; Brazil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-03
    Size p. 64-71.
    Publishing place Cambridge University Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 395518-7
    ISSN 1469-7831 ; 0266-4674
    ISSN (online) 1469-7831
    ISSN 0266-4674
    DOI 10.1017/S0266467421000110
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  6. Article: Landscape-scale forest loss shapes demographic structure of the threatened tropical palm Euterpe edulis mart. (Arecaceae)

    Leal, Adrielle / Benchimol, Maíra / Faria, Deborah / Dodonov, Pavel / Cazetta, Eliana

    Forest ecology and management. 2021 Dec. 15, v. 502

    2021  

    Abstract: The expansion of human activities has led to drastic changes in the original landscapes in which tropical forests stand, causing the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. Both processes induce changes in forest structure and local microclimatic ... ...

    Abstract The expansion of human activities has led to drastic changes in the original landscapes in which tropical forests stand, causing the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. Both processes induce changes in forest structure and local microclimatic conditions that are important modulators of the survival and demographic structure of plant species. The Neotropical palm Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) is a keystone species largely consumed by several animals. Nevertheless, such emblematic species has also been over-harvested for palm-heart extraction, which led it to be currently classified as vulnerable to extinction. Understanding the main predictors affecting its persistence in forest remnants is essential for proposing strategies to modify this current scenario. In this context, we aimed to investigate how processes occurring in two different spatial scales (i.e. forest cover at the landscape scale and local microclimatic conditions) affect the demographic structure of E. edulis. We selected 20 forest fragments along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, embedded within landscapes ranging from 10 to 98% of forest cover amount. In each fragment, a plot of 100 × 50 m was established and all individuals of E. edulis were counted. A datalogger was also deployed in the center of the fragment to collect data of air temperature and relative local humidity. We used a zero-altered negative binomial regression (ZANB) to investigate the influence of forest cover and microclimate variables on the demographic structure of E. edulis. A total of 6528 individuals distributed in the five ontogenetic stages was recorded, with Juveniles presenting the highest number of individuals. Forest cover, not microclimate, was the best predictor of the demographic structure for all ontogenetic stages. We suggest that deforested areas are also more prone to palm harvest, which might explain the pervasive effects on the species persistence. We strongly recommend the maintenance and restoration of forest areas to ensure the maintenance of current populations of this endangered palm species. Yet due to the species overexploitation, reintroducing the species to already depleted fragments is urgently required along the Atlantic coast, combined with an increase in surveillance and environmental education programs to curb illegal extraction in highly deforested areas.
    Keywords Euterpe edulis ; Neotropics ; administrative management ; air temperature ; coasts ; deforestation ; environmental education ; extinction ; forest ecology ; humans ; humidity ; keystone species ; landscapes ; microclimate ; microprocessors ; monitoring ; ontogeny
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1215
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119716
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  7. Article: Landscape composition is more important than local vegetation structure for understory birds in cocoa agroforestry systems

    Cabral, Júlia Perez / Faria, Deborah / Morante-Filho, José Carlos

    Forest ecology and management. 2021 Feb. 01, v. 481

    2021  

    Abstract: Biodiversity-friendly agricultural systems allow the maintenance of native species even in highly fragmented landscapes by providing corridors to species dispersion and offering supplementary resources for animal populations. In the tropical region, ... ...

    Abstract Biodiversity-friendly agricultural systems allow the maintenance of native species even in highly fragmented landscapes by providing corridors to species dispersion and offering supplementary resources for animal populations. In the tropical region, cocoa agroforestry systems are of great importance for biodiversity conservation as they maintain part of the native vegetation, and therefore can be used by the local fauna. In this system, understory of native forests is replaced by cocoa trees, which are shaded by large old-growth trees. However, the persistence of native species in cocoa agroforests depends on local vegetation characteristics but also the landscape structure in which these systems are located. Here, we investigated the influence of landscape composition (i.e. amount of forest cover, cocoa agroforestry and cattle pasture) and local vegetation structure (i.e. number of native and cocoa trees, basal area of native trees and canopy closure) on understory birds in 18 cocoa agroforestry systems located in three regions in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, presenting distinct land use contexts. Specifically, we assessed the effects of these landscape and local features in predicting richness and abundance patterns of the entire community, and also in distinct ecological groups, such as forest-dependent and non-forest-dependent birds, and insectivores, frugivores, and omnivores. Using generalized linear models and Akaike information criterion, we observed lower species richness of complete community, non-forest and omnivorous birds in the most deforested region. Also, our findings demonstrated that cocoa agroforests integrated in more forested landscapes harbor greater richness and abundance of frugivorous birds. Conversely, the increase in cattle pasture amount at the landscape had a harsh effect on all bird groups evaluated. Regarding local vegetation, we observed that the increase of canopy closure leads to greater abundance of insectivorous birds in cocoa agroforestry systems. Similarly, abundance of non-forest species increased in agroforests with higher number of cocoa trees. Our study demonstrated that cocoa agroforestry systems can provide complementary habitats for many species, including forest birds, and therefore can mitigate the effects of habitat loss. However, this key benefit for bird conservation will be more effective when these agroforestry systems are located in more forested landscapes, with low amount of cattle pastures. Our findings therefore reinforce the alarming need to maintain and recover landscape-scale forest amount to ensure species persistence of birds in anthropogenic landscapes, even in those comprising biodiversity-friendly land uses such as cocoa agroforestry systems.
    Keywords administrative management ; agroforestry ; biodiversity conservation ; canopy ; cattle ; deforestation ; fauna ; forest ecology ; frugivores ; habitat destruction ; indigenous species ; insectivores ; land use ; landscapes ; omnivores ; pastures ; species richness ; tropics ; understory
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0201
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118704
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  8. Article: Tropical forest loss and geographic location drive the functional genomic diversity of an endangered palm tree.

    Santos, Alesandro Souza / Cazetta, Eliana / Faria, Deborah / Lima, Thâmara Moura / Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes / Carvalho, Carolina da Silva / Alves-Pereira, Alessandro / Morante-Filho, José Carlos / Gaiotto, Fernanda Amato

    Evolutionary applications

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) 1257–1273

    Abstract: Human activity has diminished forests in different terrestrial ecosystems. This is well illustrated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which still hosts high levels of species richness and endemism, even with only 28% of its original extent remaining. The ...

    Abstract Human activity has diminished forests in different terrestrial ecosystems. This is well illustrated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which still hosts high levels of species richness and endemism, even with only 28% of its original extent remaining. The consequences of such forest loss in remaining populations can be investigated with several approaches, including the genomic perspective, which allows a broader understanding of how human disturbance influences the genetic variability in natural populations. In this context, our study investigated the genomic responses of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2405496-3
    ISSN 1752-4563 ; 1752-4571
    ISSN (online) 1752-4563
    ISSN 1752-4571
    DOI 10.1111/eva.13525
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  9. Article: The relative influence of different landscape attributes on dung beetle communities in the Brazilian Atlantic forest

    Souza, Thamyrys B / França, Filipe M / Barlow, Jos / Dodonov, Pavel / Santos, Juliana S / Faria, Deborah / Baumgarten, Júlio E

    Ecological indicators. 2020 Oct., v. 117

    2020  

    Abstract: Land-use change is considered the greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide. As such, identifying the drivers that shape biological communities is crucial for enhancing conservation strategies in human-modified tropical landscapes. We used a hybrid patch- ...

    Abstract Land-use change is considered the greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide. As such, identifying the drivers that shape biological communities is crucial for enhancing conservation strategies in human-modified tropical landscapes. We used a hybrid patch-landscape design and a multi model inference approach to assess the relative impacts of forest loss, increased edge density and increased pasture cover on dung beetle functional groups in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest – a biodiversity hotspot. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence showing that edge density can be a major driver for dung beetles when compared to forest and pasture cover at the landscape scale. However, forest and pasture cover also influenced some dung beetle responses, supporting the idea that biological communities are negatively affected by habitat loss and changes in land cover. We found that dung beetle body size, protibia area and metatibia length were all larger in landscapes with increased edge density, reinforcing the need for further studies exploring which mechanisms could favour the presence of larger dung beetles in fragmented tropical landscapes. Taken together, these results suggest the need of conservation and management strategies focused on the protection of the remaining Atlantic Forest fragments, and the promotion of forest recovery and reduction in the pasture cover and edge density at the landscape-level.
    Keywords biodiversity ; body size ; dung beetles ; feces ; forests ; habitat destruction ; land cover ; land use change ; landscapes ; pastures
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-10
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2036774-0
    ISSN 1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
    ISSN (online) 1872-7034
    ISSN 1470-160X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106534
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Forest amount, not structure, influences fruit removal of two pioneer species in Atlantic forest remnants

    Cazetta, Eliana / Baumgarten, Julio E / Cassano, Camila Righetto / Dodonov, Pavel / Faria, Deborah / Ribeiro, Diego S. A

    Biotropica. 2019 Sept., v. 51, no. 5

    2019  

    Abstract: Fruit removal is a key component of the seed dispersal process with direct consequences for plant recruitment. Anthropogenic disturbances might affect removal rates by changing frugivore diversity and their behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of ... ...

    Abstract Fruit removal is a key component of the seed dispersal process with direct consequences for plant recruitment. Anthropogenic disturbances might affect removal rates by changing frugivore diversity and their behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of local forest structure and landscape context on fruit removal of two common pioneer species of Melastomataceae family, Clidemia capitellata and Henriettea succosa in 14 Atlantic forest sites. We evaluated local forest structure, measured as canopy openness and conspecific density, and the amount of forest cover at the landscape scale measured in 2000 m buffer radius. Our results showed that the landscape context was more important than local features to explain fruit removal. The percentage of fruits removed from both species sharply decreases with forest loss and increases again in highly deforested landscapes. We demonstrate changes in fruit removal due to forest loss and suggest that both Melastomataceae species rely on the absence of other plant species, and consequently, in a less competitive environment to increase fruit removal and seed dispersal. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
    Keywords anthropogenic activities ; biodiversity ; canopy ; Clidemia ; deforestation ; forests ; frugivores ; fruits ; landscapes ; pioneer species ; seed dispersal ; species recruitment
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-09
    Size p. 674-681.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2052061-X
    ISSN 1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
    ISSN (online) 1744-7429
    ISSN 0006-3606
    DOI 10.1111/btp.12688
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