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  1. Article: Neural Processing of Odors with Different Well-Being Associations-Findings from Two Consecutive Neuroimaging Studies.

    Joshi, Akshita / Hornstein, Henriette / Thaploo, Divesh / Faria, Vanda / Warr, Jonathan / Hummel, Thomas

    Brain sciences

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 4

    Abstract: Much is known about the effect of odors on mood, cognition and behavior, but little is known about the relationship between odors and well-being. We investigated the neural processing of odors with different degrees of association with well-being (WB) ... ...

    Abstract Much is known about the effect of odors on mood, cognition and behavior, but little is known about the relationship between odors and well-being. We investigated the neural processing of odors with different degrees of association with well-being (WB) through two large independent datasets. The study encompassed pre-testing and fMRI. During pre-testing, 100 and 80 (studies 1 and 2) young, healthy subjects participated, rating intensity, valence, and WB association for 14 (study 1) and 8 (study 2) different odors. Pre-testing resulted in the selection of two odors with high WB association (WB-associated) and two odors with lower WB association (neutral odors) for each study. Odors were delivered intranasally to the subjects who underwent fMRI scanning (44 and 41 subjects, respectively, for studies 1 and 2). We assessed brain activity for subjects when they experienced WB-associated versus neutral odors. In study 1, WB-associated odors showed increased activation in the right angular gyrus whereas in study 2, increased activity in the left angular gyrus existed, together with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior orbitofrontal cortex. The increased activity of higher-order cognitive and emotional regions during the processing of WB-associated odors in the two independent studies suggests a role of odors in influencing individual well-being. Moreover, the consistent activation of the angular gyrus might suggest its key role in shifting attention toward relevant emotional stimuli.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci13040576
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Impact of a 12-week olfactory training programme in women with migraine with aura: protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

    Faria, Vanda / Dulheuer, Jana / Joshi, Akshita / Wahl, Hannes / Klimova, Anna / Haehner, Antje / Gossrau, Gudrun

    BMJ open

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e071443

    Abstract: Introduction: Migraine is a leading cause of disability and suffering worldwide. However, conventional pharmacological migraine preventive therapies are often challenging and accompanied by adverse effects. Recently, structured odour exposure has shown ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Migraine is a leading cause of disability and suffering worldwide. However, conventional pharmacological migraine preventive therapies are often challenging and accompanied by adverse effects. Recently, structured odour exposure has shown to successfully increase pain thresholds in patients with chronic back pain. Despite the importance of the olfactory system in migraine, there are no studies investigating the impact of structured odour exposure in patients with migraine.
    Methods and analysis: This double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial will be conducted at the Headache Clinic of the University Pain Center at TU Dresden, Germany and aims at investigating the impact of a 12-week structured exposure to odours in women with migraine. Fifty-four women between 18 and 55 years with migraine with aura will be recruited and randomised to training with odours and odourless training. The primary outcomes are mechanical and electrical pain thresholds. Secondary outcomes comprise olfactory threshold and the number of headache days. Other exploratory measurements are headache associated pain intensity, acute analgesic intake, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and quality of life. Additionally, this protocol assesses neuroanatomical and neurofunctional changes associated with the 12-week olfactory training. Data analysis will be executed on the basis of the general linear model considering repeated measurements.
    Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approvals were obtained from the Ethics Board of the TU Dresden (Protocol No. BO-EK-353082020). Participation will only be possible after written informed consent is provided. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
    Trial registration number: DRKS00027399.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Quality of Life ; Olfactory Training ; Migraine with Aura/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Migraine Disorders/drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Headache ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071443
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Neuroimaging the Development of Olfactory Function in a Woman With No Olfactory Bulbs.

    Faria, Vanda / Joshi, Akshita / Mignot, Coralie / Thaploo, Divesh / Weise, Susanne / Hummel, Thomas

    JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery

    2023  Volume 150, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–83

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Olfactory Bulb/diagnostic imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701825-8
    ISSN 2168-619X ; 2168-6181
    ISSN (online) 2168-619X
    ISSN 2168-6181
    DOI 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.3667
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Placebos in pediatrics: A cross-sectional survey investigating physicians' perspectives.

    Faria, Vanda / Talbert, Cameron / Goturi, Nathan / Borsook, David / Lebel, Alyssa / Kaptchuk, Ted J / Kirsch, Irving / Kelley, John M / Moulton, Eric A

    Journal of psychosomatic research

    2023  Volume 172, Page(s) 111421

    Abstract: Objective: Placebo responses are significantly higher in children than in adults, suggesting a potential underused treatment option in pediatric care. To facilitate the clinical translation of these beneficial effects, we explored physicians' current ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Placebo responses are significantly higher in children than in adults, suggesting a potential underused treatment option in pediatric care. To facilitate the clinical translation of these beneficial effects, we explored physicians' current practice, opinions, knowledge, and likelihood of recommending placebos in the future.
    Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey administered by REDCap was conducted at Boston Children's Hospital between October 2021 and March 2022. Physicians (n = 1157) were invited to participate through an email containing a link to a 23-item survey designed to assess physicians' attitudes and perceptions towards the clinical use of placebo in pediatrics.
    Results: From 207 (18%) returned surveys, 109 (9%) were fully completed. Most respondents (79%) believed that enhancing the therapeutic components that contribute to the placebo response may be a way of improving pediatric care. However, whereas most (62%) found placebo treatments permissible, only one-third reported recommending them. In pediatrics, placebos are typically introduced as a medicine that "might help" (43%). The most common treatments recommended to enhance placebo effects are physical therapy, vitamins, and over-the-counter analgesics. Physicians most frequently recommend placebos for occasional pain, headaches, and anxiety disorders. Finally, the great majority of physicians (87%) stated they would be more likely to recommend placebo treatments if there were safety and ethical guidelines for open-label placebos.
    Conclusions: Placebo treatments seem permissible to physicians in pediatric care, but the development of safety and ethical guidelines may be necessary before physicians systematically incorporate the benefits of the placebo effect in pediatrics.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pediatrics ; Physicians ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80166-5
    ISSN 1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
    ISSN (online) 1879-1360
    ISSN 0022-3999
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111421
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Migraine with aura: less control over pain and fragrances?

    Mignot, Coralie / Faria, Vanda / Hummel, Thomas / Frost, Marie / Michel, Christoph M / Gossrau, Gudrun / Haehner, Antje

    The journal of headache and pain

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 55

    Abstract: Background: Accumulating data emphasizes the importance of olfaction in migraine pathophysiology. However, there are only a few studies evaluating how the migraine brain processes olfactory stimulation, and virtually no studies comparing patients with ... ...

    Abstract Background: Accumulating data emphasizes the importance of olfaction in migraine pathophysiology. However, there are only a few studies evaluating how the migraine brain processes olfactory stimulation, and virtually no studies comparing patients with and without aura in this context.
    Methods: This cross-sectional study recorded event-related potentials from 64 electrodes during a pure olfactory or pure trigeminal stimulus in females with episodic migraine with aura (n = 13) and without aura (n = 15), to characterize the central nervous processing of these intranasal stimuli. Patients were tested in interictal state only. Data were analyzed in the time domain and in the time-frequency domain. Source reconstruction analysis was also performed.
    Results: Patients with aura had higher event-related potentials amplitudes for left-sided trigeminal and left-sided olfactory stimulations, and higher neural activity for right-sided trigeminal stimulation in brain areas related to trigeminal and visual processing. Following olfactory stimulations patients with aura displayed decreased neural activity in secondary olfactory structures compared to patients without aura. Oscillations in the low frequency bands (< 8 Hz) differed between patient groups.
    Conclusions: Altogether this may reflect hypersensitivity to nociceptive stimuli in patients with aura relative to patients without aura. Patients with aura have a bigger deficit in engaging secondary olfactory-related structures, possibly leading to distorted attention and judgements towards odors. The cerebral overlap between trigeminal nociception and olfaction might explain these deficits.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Migraine with Aura ; Odorants ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Migraine Disorders ; Pain ; Epilepsy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2036768-5
    ISSN 1129-2377 ; 1129-2369
    ISSN (online) 1129-2377
    ISSN 1129-2369
    DOI 10.1186/s10194-023-01592-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Neural processing of odors with different well-being associations - Findings from two consecutive neuroimaging studies

    Joshi, Akshita / Hornstein, Henriette / Thaploo, Divesh / Faria, Vanda / Warr, Jonathan / Hummel, Thomas

    Brain Sciences

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) No

    Abstract: Much is known about the effect of odors on mood, cognition and behavior, but little is known about the relationship between odors and well-being. We investigated the neural processing of odors with different degrees of association with well-being (WB) ... ...

    Title translation Neuronale Verarbeitung von Gerüchen mit unterschiedlichen Assoziationen von Wohlbefinden - Ergebnisse von zwei aufeinander folgenden Neuroimaging-Studien
    Abstract Much is known about the effect of odors on mood, cognition and behavior, but little is known about the relationship between odors and well-being. We investigated the neural processing of odors with different degrees of association with well-being (WB) through two large independent datasets. The study encompassed pre-testing and fMRI. During pre-testing, 100 and 80 (studies 1 and 2) young, healthy subjects participated, rating intensity, valence, and WB association for 14 (study 1) and 8 (study 2) different odors. Pre-testing resulted in the selection of two odors with high WB association (WB-associated) and two odors with lower WB association (neutral odors) for each study. Odors were delivered intranasally to the subjects who underwent fMRI scanning (44 and 41 subjects, respectively, for studies 1 and 2). We assessed brain activity for subjects when they experienced WB-associated versus neutral odors. In study 1, WB-associated odors showed increased activation in the right angular gyrus whereas in study 2, increased activity in the left angular gyrus existed, together with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior orbitofrontal cortex. The increased activity of higher-order cognitive and emotional regions during the processing of WB-associated odors in the two independent studies suggests a role of odors in influencing individual well-being. Moreover, the consistent activation of the angular gyrus might suggest its key role in shifting attention toward relevant emotional stimuli.
    Keywords Brain ; Cingulate Cortex ; Cingulärer Kortex ; Gehirn ; Geruchsdiskrimination ; Geruchsstimulation ; Geruchswahrnehmung ; Neuroanatomie ; Neuroanatomy ; Odor Discrimination ; Olfactory Perception ; Olfactory Stimulation ; Well Being ; Wohlbefinden
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci13040576
    Database PSYNDEX

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  7. Article ; Online: Neural processing of olfactory-related words in subjects with congenital and acquired olfactory dysfunction.

    Joshi, Akshita / Han, Pengfei / Faria, Vanda / Larsson, Maria / Hummel, Thomas

    Scientific reports

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 14377

    Abstract: Olfactory loss can be acquired (patients with a history of olfactory experiences), or inborn (patients without olfactory experiences/life-long inability to smell). Inborn olfactory loss, or congenital anosmia (CA), is relatively rare and there is a ... ...

    Abstract Olfactory loss can be acquired (patients with a history of olfactory experiences), or inborn (patients without olfactory experiences/life-long inability to smell). Inborn olfactory loss, or congenital anosmia (CA), is relatively rare and there is a knowledge gap regarding the compensatory neural mechanisms involved in this condition. The study aimed to investigate the top-down olfactory processing in patients with CA or idiopathic acquired anosmia (IA) in comparison to normosmia controls (NC) during expectancy and reading of odor-associated words. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain activations in 14 patients with CA, 8 patients with IA, and 16 NC healthy participants during an expectancy and reading task. Words with strong olfactory associations (OW) (e.g. "banana") or with little or no olfactory associations (CW) (e.g. "chair") were used as stimuli and were presented with a block design Analyses were conducted to explore the brain activation in response to OW expectancy or OW reading between groups (CW as baseline). During the expectancy condition of OW, IA and NC groups showed stronger activation in posterior OFC extending to right insula, caudate region and frontal medial OFC respectively. Whereas during the reading condition of OW, CA patients showed stronger activation in posterior OFC extending to the insula. Increased activation of higher-order brain regions related to multisensory integration among CA patients suggests a compensatory mechanism for processing semantic olfactory cues.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odorants ; Olfaction Disorders/congenital ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology ; Olfactory Perception ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Semantics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-71245-x
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  8. Article ; Online: Short or long runs: An exploratory study of odor-induced fMRI design.

    Han, Pengfei / Zang, Yunpeng / Hummel, Cornelia / Faria, Vanda / Hummel, Thomas

    The Laryngoscope

    2019  Volume 130, Issue 5, Page(s) 1110–1115

    Abstract: Objective: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique widely used in olfactory research. During a typical fMRI olfactory block-design, one functional "run" refers to a combination of multiple blocks with ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique widely used in olfactory research. During a typical fMRI olfactory block-design, one functional "run" refers to a combination of multiple blocks with continuous brain image acquisition. The current study investigated the length of functional runs on odor-induced brain response signals (blood oxygen level dependent [BLOD]) within the primary and key secondary olfactory areas.
    Methods: Twenty-five female adults (age range 19 to 30 years, mean age 25 years) underwent a block-design fMRI measurement with odor stimulation. Twelve participants received the odor stimuli within a short run paradigm (six blocks in each 4-minute run, eight runs in total), and 13 participants received the odor stimulation with a long-run paradigm (12 blocks in each 8-minute run, four runs in total). For each paradigm, two odors (peach and rose) were alternatingly presented between runs. Participants rated odor intensity and pleasantness at the end of each run. Ratings and fMRI data were analyzed for different subsections and compared between groups.
    Results: There was a higher level of brain activation in the insula and orbitofrontal cortex during the short-run paradigm as compared to the long-run paradigm. However, there was no difference for odor intensity or pleasantness ratings.
    Conclusion: The current study suggested the employment of short runs with multiple repetitions for odor stimulation during fMRI research.
    Level of evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 130:1110-1115, 2020.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/diagnostic imaging ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Odorants ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Smell/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80180-x
    ISSN 1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
    ISSN (online) 1531-4995
    ISSN 0023-852X
    DOI 10.1002/lary.28156
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  9. Article ; Online: Verbal suggestions of nicotine content modulate ventral tegmental neural activity during the presentation of a nicotine-free odor in cigarette smokers.

    Faria, Vanda / Han, Pengfei / Joshi, Akshita / Enck, Paul / Hummel, Thomas

    European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology

    2019  Volume 31, Page(s) 100–108

    Abstract: Expectancies of nicotine content have been shown to impact smokers' subjective responses and smoking behaviors. However, little is known about the neural substrates modulated by verbally induced expectancies in smokers. In this study we used functional ... ...

    Abstract Expectancies of nicotine content have been shown to impact smokers' subjective responses and smoking behaviors. However, little is known about the neural substrates modulated by verbally induced expectancies in smokers. In this study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how verbally induced expectations, regarding the presence or absence of nicotine, modulated smokers' neural response to a nicotine-free odor. While laying in the scanner, all participants (N = 24) were given a nicotine-free odor, but whereas one group was correctly informed about the absence of nicotine (control group n = 12), the other group was led to believe that the presented odor contained nicotine (expectancy group n = 12). Smokers in the expectancy group had significantly increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses during the presentation of the nicotine-free odor in the left ventral tegmental area (VTA), and in the right insula, as compared to smokers in the control group (Regions of interest analysis with pFWE-corrected p ≤ 0.05). At a more liberal uncorrected statistical level (p-unc ≤ 0.001), increased bilateral reactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) was also observed in the expectancy group as compared with the control group. Our findings suggest that nicotine-expectancies induced through verbal instructions can modulate nicotine relevant brain regions, without nicotine administration, and provide further neural support for the key role that cognitive expectancies play in the cause and treatment of nicotine dependence.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cigarette Smoking/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation/drug effects ; Motivation/physiology ; Nicotine/administration & dosage ; Odorants ; Smell/drug effects ; Smell/physiology ; Ventral Tegmental Area/diagnostic imaging ; Ventral Tegmental Area/drug effects ; Verbal Behavior/drug effects ; Verbal Behavior/physiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1082947-7
    ISSN 1873-7862 ; 0924-977X
    ISSN (online) 1873-7862
    ISSN 0924-977X
    DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.11.007
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  10. Article ; Online: Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity during cognitive challenge in social anxiety disorder.

    Wlad, Magdalena / Frick, Andreas / Engman, Jonas / Hjorth, Olof / Hoppe, Johanna M / Faria, Vanda / Wahlstedt, Kurt / Björkstrand, Johannes / Månsson, Kristoffer Nt / Hultberg, Sara / Alaie, Iman / Rosén, Jörgen / Fredrikson, Mats / Furmark, Tomas / Gingnell, Malin

    Behavioural brain research

    2023  Volume 442, Page(s) 114304

    Abstract: Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with aberrant emotional information processing while little is known about non-emotional cognitive processing biases. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been implicated in SAD ... ...

    Abstract Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with aberrant emotional information processing while little is known about non-emotional cognitive processing biases. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been implicated in SAD neuropathology and is activated both by emotional and non-affective cognitive challenges like the Multisource Interference Task (MSIT).
    Methods: Here, we used fMRI to compare dACC activity and test performance during MSIT in 69 SAD patients and 38 healthy controls. In addition to patient-control comparisons, we examined whether neural activity in the dACC correlated with social anxiety, trait anxiety or depression levels.
    Results: The MSIT activated the dACC as expected but with no differences in task performance or neural reactivity between SAD patients and controls. There were no significant correlations between dACC activity and social or trait anxiety symptom severity. In patients, there was a significant negative correlation between dACC activity and depressive symptoms.
    Conclusions: In absence of affective challenge, we found no disorder-related cognitive profile in SAD patients since neither MSIT task performance nor dACC neural activity deviated in patients relative to controls.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Phobia, Social/diagnostic imaging ; Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging ; Emotions ; Anxiety Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Cognition ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 449927-x
    ISSN 1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
    ISSN (online) 1872-7549
    ISSN 0166-4328
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114304
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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