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  1. Article ; Online: Tracking the Epidemiologic Shifts in Hepatitis A Sero-Prevalence Using Age Stratification

    Nariman Kareem / Khaled Al-Salahat / Faris G. Bakri / Yaser Rayyan / Azmi Mahafzah / Malik Sallam

    Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1081, p

    A Cross-Sectional Study at Jordan University Hospital

    2021  Volume 1081

    Abstract: The study of hepatitis A virus (HAV) epidemiology and sero-prevalence has important public health implications. Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A can result in a larger pool of susceptible persons in countries with improved sanitation and ... ...

    Abstract The study of hepatitis A virus (HAV) epidemiology and sero-prevalence has important public health implications. Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A can result in a larger pool of susceptible persons in countries with improved sanitation and hygienic conditions if vaccination is not provided. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Jordan. In addition, we aimed to identify the potential differences in HAV sero-prevalence based on age, among other variables. We recruited the study participants at Jordan University Hospital in Amman, Jordan, during October 2020–June 2021. Assessment of participants’ socio-demographic variables was done using a paper-based questionnaire. Testing for HAV IgG was based on a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study population comprised 360 individuals with a median age of 18 years. The overall sero-prevalence of HAV in our study sample was 38.3%. Divided by age, the sero-prevalence of HAV was 8.2%, 12.3%, and 20.8% among individuals aged 10 years or less, 15 years or less, and 30 years or less, respectively. The estimated age at mid-population immunity was between 21 and 30 years. Besides age, individuals residing outside the Central region of Jordan had a significantly higher HAV sero-prevalence. Additionally, the use of filtered municipal water was associated with a lower sero-prevalence of HAV compared with the use of unfiltered municipal water among individuals aged 15 years or less. The results of this study suggest an intermediate to low endemicity of HAV in Jordan. An epidemiologic shift of HAV sero-prevalence with a declining rate of positivity for HAV IgG was noticed in this study. This highlights the importance of the recently introduced HAV vaccination in Jordan. Future research to evaluate the public health benefits of HAV vaccination in Jordan is recommended.
    Keywords epidemiology ; immunization ; vaccine ; sanitation ; seroprevalence ; Middle East ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Temporal increase in D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East and North Africa

    Malik Sallam / Nidaa A. Ababneh / Deema Dababseh / Faris G. Bakri / Azmi Mahafzah

    Heliyon, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp e06035- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Background: Phylogeny construction can help to reveal evolutionary relatedness among molecular sequences. The spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 is the subject of an immune selective pressure which increases the variability in such region. This study aimed to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Phylogeny construction can help to reveal evolutionary relatedness among molecular sequences. The spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 is the subject of an immune selective pressure which increases the variability in such region. This study aimed to identify mutations in the S gene among SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), focusing on the D614G mutation, that has a presumed fitness advantage. Another aim was to analyze the S gene sequences phylogenetically. Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 S gene sequences collected in the MENA were retrieved from the GISAID public database, together with its metadata. Mutation analysis was conducted in Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software. Phylogenetic analysis was done using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. Result: A total of 553 MENA sequences were analyzed and the most frequent S gene mutations included: D614G = 435, Q677H = 8, and V6F = 5. A significant increase in the proportion of D614G was noticed from (63.0%) in February 2020, to (98.5%) in June 2020 (p < 0.001). Two large phylogenetic clusters were identified via ML analysis, which showed an evidence of inter-country mixing of sequences, which dated back to February 8, 2020 and March 15, 2020 (median estimates). The mean evolutionary rate for SARS-CoV-2 was about 6.5 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year based on large clusters' Bayesian analyses. Conclusions: The D614G mutation appeared to be taking over the COVID-19 infections in the MENA. Bayesian analysis suggested that SARS-CoV-2 might have been circulating in MENA earlier than previously reported.
    Keywords Phylogeny ; Trend ; COVID-19 ; MENA ; Jordan ; Oman ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli in urinary tract infections

    Sayida A. Al-Jamei / Abla Y. Albsoul / Faris G. Bakri / Amal G. Al-Bakri

    Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 21-

    A two-center, cross-sectional study of prevalence, genotypes and risk factors in Amman, Jordan

    2019  Volume 25

    Abstract: Background: To determine the prevalence, phenotypes, and genotypes of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) among patients with urinary tract infection along with identifying the associated risk factors. Methods: A ... ...

    Abstract Background: To determine the prevalence, phenotypes, and genotypes of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) among patients with urinary tract infection along with identifying the associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Amman, Jordan between June and October, 2016. One hundred twenty one E. coli isolates from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection were phenotypically assessed for ESBL production using the double disc diffusion test. Positive isolates to ESBL production were further genotyped using multiplex PCR. A nested case-control study was used to determine the independent risk factors. Results: ESBL-producing E. coli were found in 75/121 (62%) isolates. Molecular genotyping demonstrated that CTX-M group1 (42.7%) predominated followed by combination of SHV and CTX-M group1 (20%). In the regression model, previous hospitalization and use of urinary catheter were identified as independent risk factors for ESBL-producing E. coli infections. Conclusion: We report a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli which is in concordance with other studies from developing countries. Additionally, CTX-M group1 has emerged as the predominant ESBL produced by E. coli, which is consistent with reported results throughout the world. Independent risk factors to UTI infections due to ESBL-producing E. coli include previous hospitalization and use of urinary catheter. Keywords: E. coli, ESBL, CTX-M group 1, Urinary tract infection, Risk factors
    Keywords Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Unusual manifestations and unusual mimics of adult onset Still’s disease

    Marwan H. Adwan / Faris G Bakri / Ahmad Z. Qureshi

    Saudi Medical Journal, Vol 38, Iss 4, Pp 442-

    2017  Volume 443

    Keywords onset ; adult Still’s disease ; AOSD ; infection ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Ministry of Defence and Aviation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Conspiracy Beliefs Are Associated with Lower Knowledge and Higher Anxiety Levels Regarding COVID-19 among Students at the University of Jordan

    Malik Sallam / Deema Dababseh / Alaa’ Yaseen / Ayat Al-Haidar / Nidaa A. Ababneh / Faris G. Bakri / Azmi Mahafzah

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 4915, p

    2020  Volume 4915

    Abstract: The world has been afflicted heavily by the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that overwhelmed health care systems and caused severe economic and educational deficits, in addition to anxiety among the public. The main aim of this study was to ...

    Abstract The world has been afflicted heavily by the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that overwhelmed health care systems and caused severe economic and educational deficits, in addition to anxiety among the public. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the mutual effects of belief that the pandemic was the result of a conspiracy on knowledge and anxiety levels among students at the University of Jordan (UJ). An electronic-based survey was conducted between 29 March, 2020 and 31 March, 2020. The targeted population involved all undergraduate and postgraduate students from the health, scientific and humanities schools at UJ. Survey sections included 26 items on: socio-demographic information, knowledge and sources of information about the disease, attitude towards the false notion that COVID-19 stemmed from a conspiracy and items to assess the anxiety level among students during the quarantine period. The total number of participants was 1540 students. The mean age of study participants was 22 years and females predominated the study population (n = 1145, 74.4%). The majority of participants perceived the disease as moderately dangerous (n = 1079, 70.1%). Males, Jordanians and participants with lower income were more inclined to feel that COVID-19 is very dangerous. A lower level of knowledge and a higher level of anxiety about COVID-19 were associated with the belief that the disease is part of a conspiracy. Females and participants with lower income were more likely to believe that the disease is related to conspiracy. Belief in conspiracy regarding the origin of COVID-19 was associated with misinformation about the availability of a vaccine and the therapeutic use of antibiotics for COVID-19 treatment. The Ministry of Health in Jordan was the most common source of information about COVID-19 reported by the participants (n = 1018). The false belief that COVID-19 was the result of a global conspiracy could be the consequence of a lower level of knowledge about the virus and could lead to a higher level ...
    Keywords novel coronavirus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle East ; Facebook ; Instagram ; Twitter ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Low COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Is Correlated with Conspiracy Beliefs among University Students in Jordan

    Malik Sallam / Deema Dababseh / Huda Eid / Hanan Hasan / Duaa Taim / Kholoud Al-Mahzoum / Ayat Al-Haidar / Alaa Yaseen / Nidaa A. Ababneh / Areej Assaf / Faris G. Bakri / Suzan Matar / Azmi Mahafzah

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 2407, p

    2021  Volume 2407

    Abstract: Vaccination to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a promising measure to overcome the negative consequences of the pandemic. Since university students could be considered a knowledgeable group, this study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Vaccination to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a promising measure to overcome the negative consequences of the pandemic. Since university students could be considered a knowledgeable group, this study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among this group in Jordan. Additionally, we aimed to examine the association between vaccine conspiracy beliefs and vaccine hesitancy. We used an online survey conducted in January 2021 with a chain-referral sampling approach. Conspiracy beliefs were evaluated using the validated Vaccine Conspiracy Belief Scale (VCBS), with higher scores implying embrace of conspiracies. A total of 1106 respondents completed the survey with female predominance ( n = 802, 72.5%). The intention to get COVID-19 vaccines was low: 34.9% (yes) compared to 39.6% (no) and 25.5% (maybe). Higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were seen among males (42.1%) and students at Health Schools (43.5%). A Low rate of influenza vaccine acceptance was seen as well (28.8%), in addition to 18.6% of respondents being anti-vaccination altogether. A significantly higher VCBS score was correlated with reluctance to get the vaccine ( p <0.001). Dependence on social media platforms was significantly associated with lower intention to get COVID-19 vaccines (19.8%) compared to dependence on medical doctors, scientists, and scientific journals (47.2%, p <0.001). The results of this study showed the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with conspiracy beliefs among university students in Jordan. The implementation of targeted actions to increase the awareness of such a group is highly recommended. This includes educational programs to dismantle vaccine conspiracy beliefs and awareness campaigns to build recognition of the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
    Keywords vaccine coverage ; compulsory vaccination ; intention to vaccinate ; influenza vaccine ; anti-vaxxer ; misinformation ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Subacute thyroiditis following influenza vaccine

    Munther S. Momani / Ayman A. Zayed / Faris G. Bakri

    Italian Journal of Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 384-

    a case report and literature review

    2015  Volume 386

    Abstract: Subacute thyroiditis following influenza vaccination is a rarely reported condition. Here, we review this condition and report the case of a 40-year-old male who developed subacute thyroiditis following the administration of an influenza vaccine ... ...

    Abstract Subacute thyroiditis following influenza vaccination is a rarely reported condition. Here, we review this condition and report the case of a 40-year-old male who developed subacute thyroiditis following the administration of an influenza vaccine containing the (H1N1) pandemic 2009 strain. Interestingly, the patient had history of pericarditis and his HLA typing showed HLA B35. Physicians should be aware of this complication for influenza vaccine and of the relationship of HLA B35 haplotype with the susceptibility to subacute thyroiditis and other autoimmune disorders.
    Keywords Subacute painful thyroiditis ; influenza vaccine ; thyrotoxicosis ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PAGEPress Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: High Rates of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Association with Conspiracy Beliefs

    Malik Sallam / Deema Dababseh / Huda Eid / Kholoud Al-Mahzoum / Ayat Al-Haidar / Duaa Taim / Alaa Yaseen / Nidaa A. Ababneh / Faris G. Bakri / Azmi Mahafzah

    Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

    A Study in Jordan and Kuwait among Other Arab Countries

    2021  Volume 42

    Abstract: Vaccination could be an effective strategy for slowing the spread of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy could pose a serious problem for COVID-19 prevention, due to the spread of misinformation surrounding the ... ...

    Abstract Vaccination could be an effective strategy for slowing the spread of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy could pose a serious problem for COVID-19 prevention, due to the spread of misinformation surrounding the ongoing pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes towards the prospective COVID-19 vaccines among the general public in Jordan, Kuwait and other Arab countries. We also aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and conspiracy beliefs. This study used an online survey distributed in December 2020, with items assessing conspiracies regarding COVID-19’s origin and vaccination. Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines were assessed using the Vaccine Conspiracy Belief Scale (VCBS), with higher scores indicating a greater belief in vaccine conspiracy. A total of 3414 respondents completed the survey, the majority being residents of Jordan ( n = 2173, 63.6%), Kuwait ( n = 771, 22.6%) and Saudi Arabia ( n = 154, 4.5%). The acceptance rates for COVID-19 and influenza vaccines were 29.4% and 30.9%, respectively. Males, respondents with higher educational levels and those with histories of chronic disease had higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Beliefs that COVID-19 vaccines are intended to inject microchips into recipients and that the vaccines are related to infertility were found in 27.7% and 23.4% of respondents, respectively. Higher VCBS scores were found among females, respondents with lower educational levels and respondents relying on social media platforms as the main source of information. The high rates of vaccine hesitancy in Jordan and Kuwait, among other Arab countries, are alarming. They could hinder the proper control of COVID-19 in the region. The harmful effect of COVID-19 misinformation and conspiracy beliefs was manifested in vaccine hesitancy. This may represent a massive obstacle to the successful control of the pandemic. A reliance on social media as the main source of information about COVID-19 vaccines ...
    Keywords vaccine acceptance ; vaccine hesitance ; vaccine confidence ; anti-vaxxer ; conspiracy ; COVID-19 vaccine ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: COVID-19 misinformation

    Malik Sallam / Deema Dababseh / Alaa Yaseen / Ayat Al-Haidar / Duaa Taim / Huda Eid / Nidaa A Ababneh / Faris G Bakri / Azmi Mahafzah

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e

    Mere harmless delusions or much more? A knowledge and attitude cross-sectional study among the general public residing in Jordan.

    2020  Volume 0243264

    Abstract: Since the emergence of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, media was teeming with misinformation that led to psychologic, social and economic consequences among the global public. Probing knowledge and anxiety ... ...

    Abstract Since the emergence of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, media was teeming with misinformation that led to psychologic, social and economic consequences among the global public. Probing knowledge and anxiety regarding this novel infectious disease is necessary to identify gaps in knowledge and sources of misinformation which can help public health efforts to design and implement more focused interventional measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and effects of misinformation about COVID-19 on anxiety level among the general public residing in Jordan. This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based questionnaire that took place in April 2020, which targeted people residing in Jordan, aged 18 and above. The questionnaire included items on the following: demographic characteristics of the participants, knowledge about COVID-19, anxiety level and misconceptions regarding the origin of the pandemic. The total number of participants included in final analysis was 3150. The study population was predominantly females (76.0%), with mean age of 31 years. The overall knowledge of COVID-19 was satisfactory. Older age, males, lower monthly income and educational levels, smoking and history of chronic disease were associated with perceiving COVID-19 as a very dangerous disease. Variables that were associated with a higher anxiety level during the pandemic included: lower monthly income and educational level, residence outside the capital (Amman) and history of smoking. Misinformation about the origin of the pandemic (being part of a conspiracy, biologic warfare and the 5G networks role) was also associated with higher anxiety levels. Social media platforms, TV and news releases were the most common sources of information about the pandemic. The study showed the potential harmful effects of misinformation on the general public and emphasized the need to meticulously deliver timely and accurate information about the pandemic to lessen the health, social and psychological impact of the disease.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Malik Sallam / Ramy Mohamed Ghazy / Khaled Al-Salahat / Kholoud Al-Mahzoum / Nadin Mohammad AlHadidi / Huda Eid / Nariman Kareem / Eyad Al-Ajlouni / Rawan Batarseh / Nidaa A. Ababneh / Mohammed Sallam / Mariam Alsanafi / Srikanth Umakanthan / Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi / Faris G. Bakri / Harapan Harapan / Azmi Mahafzah / Salah T. Al Awaidy

    Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 1355, p

    2022  Volume 1355

    Abstract: Vaccination to prevent influenza virus infection and to lessen its severity is recommended among healthcare workers (HCWs). Health professionals have a higher risk of exposure to viruses and could transmit the influenza virus to vulnerable patients who ... ...

    Abstract Vaccination to prevent influenza virus infection and to lessen its severity is recommended among healthcare workers (HCWs). Health professionals have a higher risk of exposure to viruses and could transmit the influenza virus to vulnerable patients who are prone to severe disease and mortality. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the levels of influenza vaccine acceptance and uptake as well as its determinants, among Jordanian HCWs over the last influenza season of 2021/2022. This study was based on a self-administered electronic survey that was distributed in March 2022. Psychological determinants of influenza vaccine acceptance and vaccine conspiracy beliefs were assessed using the previously validated 5C scale questionnaire (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility) and the vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale. The study sample comprised a total of 1218 HCWs: nurses ( n = 412, 33.8%), physicians ( n = 367, 30.1%), medical technicians ( n = 182, 14.9%), pharmacists ( n = 161, 13.2%) and dentists ( n = 87, 7.1%), among others. About two-thirds of the study sample expressed willingness to receive influenza vaccination if provided free of charge ( n = 807, 66.3%), whereas less than one-third were willing to pay for the vaccine ( n = 388, 31.9%). The self-reported uptake of the influenza vaccine in the last influenza season was 62.8%. The following factors were significantly associated with higher acceptance of influenza vaccination if provided freely, as opposed to vaccine hesitancy/rejection: male sex; physicians and dentists among HCW categories; higher confidence and collective responsibility; and lower complacency, constraints and calculation. Higher influenza vaccine uptake was significantly correlated with nurses and physicians among HCW categories, older age, a higher monthly income, higher confidence and collective responsibility, lower complacency and constraints and lower embrace of general vaccine conspiracy beliefs. The results of the current study can ...
    Keywords health professional ; healthcare personnel ; medicine practitioner ; flu ; barrier ; vaccine behavior ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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