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Article: Insecticidal and Antiprotozoal Properties of Lichen Secondary Metabolites on Insect Vectors and Their Transmitted Protozoal Diseases to Humans

Muhoro, Arthur M. / Farkas, Edit É

Diversity. 2021 July 26, v. 13, no. 8

2021

Abstract: Since the long-term application of synthetic chemicals as insecticides and the chemotherapy of protozoal diseases have had various negative effects (non-target effects, resistance), research on less harmful biological products is underway. This review is ...

Abstract	Since the long-term application of synthetic chemicals as insecticides and the chemotherapy of protozoal diseases have had various negative effects (non-target effects, resistance), research on less harmful biological products is underway. This review is focused on lichens with potential insecticidal and antiprotozoal activity. Literature sources (27) were surveyed from five bibliographic databases and analyzed according to the taxonomic group of the insect, the protozoal disease and the lichen, the type of bioactive compounds (including method of application and mount applied), and the potential bioactivity based on mortalities caused after 24 h of exposure on insects and on parasitic protozoa. Six species of protozoa and five species of mosquitoes, three kinds of larval stages of insects and three protozoa stages were tested. Insecticidal and antiprotozoal effects of crude extracts and seven lichen secondary metabolites (mostly usnic acid) of 32 lichen species were determined. Physiological and morphological changes on parasitic protozoa were observed. Mortality rates caused by LSMs on insect vectors closer to (or somewhat above) the WHO threshold were considered to be insecticides. The results are based on laboratory experiments; however, the efficacy of metabolites should be confirmed in the field and on non-human primates to control the insect vectors and human protozoal diseases transmitted by insects.
Keywords	Protozoa ; antiprotozoal properties ; drug therapy ; humans ; larvae ; lichens ; mortality ; secondary metabolites ; usnic acid
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0726
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518137-3
ISSN	1424-2818
ISSN	1424-2818
DOI	10.3390/d13080342
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Annotated Checklist of the Lichenicolous Fungi of Hungary

Varga, Nóra / Lőkös, László / Farkas, Edit

Diversity. 2021 Nov. 01, v. 13, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Knowledge of lichenicolous fungi is limited at a worldwide level and needs further basic information, as in the case of Central and Southern Europe. The literature sources for “Revised checklist of the Hungarian lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi” by ...

Abstract	Knowledge of lichenicolous fungi is limited at a worldwide level and needs further basic information, as in the case of Central and Southern Europe. The literature sources for “Revised checklist of the Hungarian lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi” by Lőkös and Farkas in 2009 contained 54 lichenicolous and other microfungi species of 38 genera. Due to recent field studies and microscopic work, the number of known species has increased to 104 lichenicolous species in 64 genera during the last decade, including 53 new species for the country. Old records of five species were confirmed by new collections. Key characteristics of some of the most interesting species are illustrated by microscopic views and two distribution maps are provided. Recent biodiversity estimates suggest that the number of currently known species could be 1.5 (–2) times higher with more detailed work on field collections. Although lichenicolous fungi have been less well studied in Hungary in the past, the relative diversity of lichenicolous fungi there, as indicated by Zhurbenko’s lichenicolous index, was found to be slightly higher than the mean value calculated for the world.
Keywords	biodiversity ; fungi ; new species ; Hungary ; Southern European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1101
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518137-3
ISSN	1424-2818
ISSN	1424-2818
DOI	10.3390/d13110557
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Factors at multiple scales influence the composition of terricolous lichen communities in temperate semi-arid sandy grasslands

Veres, Katalin / Csintalan, Zsolt / Kovács, Bence / Farkas, Edit

Lichenologist. 2021 Nov., v. 53, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Inland dune ecosystems are rich in terricolous lichen species. However, these communities are sensitive to human activities, both locally and globally. Since terricolous lichens have a dominant role in semi-arid sandy grasslands, it is important to ... ...

Abstract	Inland dune ecosystems are rich in terricolous lichen species. However, these communities are sensitive to human activities, both locally and globally. Since terricolous lichens have a dominant role in semi-arid sandy grasslands, it is important to explore the composition of their communities and the environmental factors affecting them. We studied the structure of the terricolous lichen assemblages of calcareous grassland in an inland duneland ecosystem by comparing the lichen communities of arid and humid dune sides on two sites with different disturbance histories. Microcoenological data were collected according to the Braun-Blanquet method. Environmental variables include the cover of bare soil, moss, litter, herb cover and height of herbs. We investigated the relationship of these variables and the presence and absence data of terricolous lichen species to sites and dune side. We found that the site had a significant effect on species richness that might reflect the different types and severity of previous disturbance events at the studied sites. On a smaller, ‘dune’ scale, in general lower herb cover and height and a higher moss cover were characteristic of arid dune sides. Most of the frequent species were negatively affected by higher moss cover. Some lichen species were more abundant (e.g. Cladonia furcata) or found only (e.g. Xanthoparmelia subdiffluens, Gyalolechia fulgens) on arid dune sides, while others preferred (e.g. C. pyxidata) or occurred only on (e.g. Peltigera species, C. rei) humid sides. It was observed that the impact of the dune side on several variables differed between sites. The diverse microhabitat types, microclimate and landscape structure, results in species-rich and valuable terricolous lichen communities forming in inland dune ecosystems.
Keywords	Cladonia ; Peltigera ; Xanthoparmelia ; chalk grasslands ; ecosystems ; ground vegetation ; humans ; landscapes ; lichens ; microclimate ; microhabitats ; mosses and liverworts ; soil ; species richness
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 467-479.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471008-0
ISSN	1096-1135 ; 0024-2829
ISSN (online)	1096-1135
ISSN	0024-2829
DOI	10.1017/S0024282921000360
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Cryptogamic Biomass in Pannonic Acidic Sand Steppes Subject to Changing Land-Use.

Aszalósné Balogh, Rebeka / Farkas, Edit / Tüdősné Budai, Júlia / Lőkös, László / Matus, Gábor

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 16

Abstract: Cryptogams, often neglected in vegetation dynamics studies, compose a large part of biomass and contribute to the biodiversity of sandy grasslands. Since the work of Verseghy (1970s), their productivity has not been analyzed in Hungary. We studied the ... ...

Abstract	Cryptogams, often neglected in vegetation dynamics studies, compose a large part of biomass and contribute to the biodiversity of sandy grasslands. Since the work of Verseghy (1970s), their productivity has not been analyzed in Hungary. We studied the lichen and bryophyte dynamics (hereinafter called cryptogams) at two Eastern Hungarian dry sandy grassland sites. The sites of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12162972
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The long-term effect of removing the UV-protectant usnic acid from the thalli of the lichen

Veres, Katalin / Sinigla, Mónika / Szabó, Krisztina / Varga, Nóra / Farkas, Edit

Mycological progress

2022 Volume 21, Issue 9, Page(s) 83

Abstract: Terricolous lichens are abundant in semi-arid areas, where they are exposed to high irradiation. Photoprotection is essential for the algae as the photobiont provides the primer carbon source for both symbionts. The UV-protectant lichen metabolites and ... ...

Abstract	Terricolous lichens are abundant in semi-arid areas, where they are exposed to high irradiation. Photoprotection is essential for the algae as the photobiont provides the primer carbon source for both symbionts. The UV-protectant lichen metabolites and different quenching procedures of the alga ensure adequate photoprotection. Since the long-term effect of diminishing UV-protectant lichen metabolites is unknown, a major part of lichen secondary metabolites was removed from Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11557-022-01831-y.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2226747-5
ISSN	1861-8952 ; 1617-416X
ISSN (online)	1861-8952
ISSN	1617-416X
DOI	10.1007/s11557-022-01831-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A new steppe element in the Vienna Basin, the first record of Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris (Parmeliaceae) for Austria

Bauer, Norbert / Hüvös-Récsi, Annamária / Lőkös, László / Farkas, Edit

Herzogia. 2022 June 27, v. 35, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Bauer, N., Hüvös-Récsi, A., Lőkös, L. & Farkas, E. 2022. A new steppe element in the Vienna Basin, the first record of Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris (Parmeliaceae) for Austria. – Herzogia 35: 22–31. The first observation of Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris in ... ...

Abstract	Bauer, N., Hüvös-Récsi, A., Lőkös, L. & Farkas, E. 2022. A new steppe element in the Vienna Basin, the first record of Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris (Parmeliaceae) for Austria. – Herzogia 35: 22–31. The first observation of Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris in Austria is reported. The soil-dwelling lichen species was found in significant amounts (∼1,000 thalli) in the eastern periphery of the Vienna Basin at two locations in the Hainburg Hills. The typical habitats are basic rocky grassland patches on flat or low-slope plateau areas of dolomite hills. The occurrence of the species is significant from a biogeographical point of view, as it supports the assumption that the region belongs to the Pannonicum floristic province.
Keywords	Xanthoparmelia ; dolomite ; geographical distribution ; lichens ; steppes ; thallus ; Austria ; Central European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0627
Size	p. 22-31.
Publishing place	Bryological and Lichenological Association for Central Europe (BLAM)
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2754551-9
ISSN	2700-2829 ; 0018-0971
ISSN (online)	2700-2829
ISSN	0018-0971
DOI	10.13158/heia.35.1.2022.22
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Photoprotection and high-light acclimation in semi-arid grassland lichens – a cooperation between algal and fungal partners

Veres, Katalin / Csintalan, Zsolt / Laufer, Zsanett / Engel, Rita / Szabó, Krisztina / Farkas, Edit

Symbiosis. 2022 Jan., v. 86, no. 1

2022

Abstract: In lichens, each symbiotic partner cooperates for the survival of the symbiotic association. The protection of the susceptible photosynthetic apparatus is essential for both participants. The mycobiont and photobiont contribute to the protection against ... ...

Abstract	In lichens, each symbiotic partner cooperates for the survival of the symbiotic association. The protection of the susceptible photosynthetic apparatus is essential for both participants. The mycobiont and photobiont contribute to the protection against the damaging effect of excess light by various mechanisms. The present study investigated the effect of seasonality and microhabitat exposure on photoprotection and photoacclimation in the photo- and the mycobiont of six lichen species with different thallus morphology in inland dune system in the Kiskunság region (Hungary) with shaded, more humid and exposed, drier dune sides. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, spectrophotometry, chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetic technique were used, and micrometeorological data were collected. The four years data series revealed that the north-east-facing side was characterized by higher relative humidity and lower light intensities compared to the south-west-facing drier and more exposed sides. The south-west facing side was exposed to direct illumination 3–4 hours longer in winter and 1–2 hours shorter in summer than the north-east facing side of the dune, influencing the metabolism of sun and shade populations of various species. Because rapid desiccation caused short active periods of lichens during bright and drier seasons and on exposed microhabitats, the rapid, non-regulated non-photochemical quenching mechanisms in the photobiont had a significant role in protecting the photosynthetic system in the hydrated state. In dehydrated conditions, thalli were mainly defended by the solar screening metabolites produced by the mycobiont and curling during desiccation (also caused by the mycobiont). Furthermore, the efficacy of light use (higher chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration) increased because of short hydrated periods. Still, a lower level of received irradiation was appropriate for photosynthesis in dry seasons and on sun exposed habitats. In humid seasons and microhabitats, more extended active periods lead to increased photosynthesis and production of solar radiation protectant fungal metabolites, allowing a lower level of photoprotection in the form of regulated non-photochemical quenching by the photobiont. Interspecific differences were more pronounced than the intraspecific ones among seasons and microhabitat types.
Keywords	acclimation ; algae ; carotenoids ; chlorophyll ; fluorescence ; fungi ; grasslands ; high performance liquid chromatography ; irradiation ; lichens ; lighting ; metabolites ; microhabitats ; photosynthesis ; radiation resistance ; relative humidity ; solar radiation ; spectroscopy ; summer ; symbiosis ; thallus ; winter ; Hungary
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 33-48.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2535332-9
ISSN	1878-7665 ; 0334-5114
ISSN (online)	1878-7665
ISSN	0334-5114
DOI	10.1007/s13199-021-00823-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The long-term effect of removing the UV-protectant usnic acid from the thalli of the lichen Cladonia foliacea

Veres, Katalin / Sinigla, Mónika / Szabó, Krisztina / Varga, Nóra / Farkas, Edit

Mycological progress. 2022 Sept., v. 21, no. 9

2022

Abstract	Terricolous lichens are abundant in semi-arid areas, where they are exposed to high irradiation. Photoprotection is essential for the algae as the photobiont provides the primer carbon source for both symbionts. The UV-protectant lichen metabolites and different quenching procedures of the alga ensure adequate photoprotection. Since the long-term effect of diminishing UV-protectant lichen metabolites is unknown, a major part of lichen secondary metabolites was removed from Cladonia foliacea thalli by acetone rinsing, and the lichens were then maintained under field conditions to investigate the effect on both symbionts for 3 years. Our aim was to determine if the decreased level of UV-protectant metabolites caused an elevated photoprotection in the algae and to reveal the dynamics of production of the metabolites. Photosynthetic activity and light protection were checked by chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics measurements every 6 months. The concentrations of fumarprotocetraric and usnic acids were monitored by chromatographic methods. Our results proved that seasonality had a more pronounced effect than that of acetone treatment on the function of lichens over a long-term scale. Even after 3 years, the acetone-treated thalli contained half as much usnic acid as the control thalli, and the level of photoprotection remained unchanged in the algae. However, the amount of available humidity was a more critical limiting environmental factor than the amount of incoming irradiation affecting usnic acid production. The lichenicolous fungus Didymocyrtis cladoniicola became relatively more abundant in the acetone-treated samples than in the control samples, indicating a slight change caused by the treatment.
Keywords	Cladonia ; acetone ; algae ; carbon ; chlorophyll ; chromatography ; environmental factors ; fluorescence ; fungi ; humidity ; irradiation ; lichens ; long term effects ; photosynthesis ; radiation resistance ; secondary metabolites ; symbionts ; thallus ; usnic acid
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 83.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2226747-5
ISSN	1861-8952 ; 1617-416X
ISSN (online)	1861-8952
ISSN	1617-416X
DOI	10.1007/s11557-022-01831-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Distribution Types of Lichens in Hungary That Indicate Changing Environmental Conditions.

Farkas, Edit / Varga, Nóra / Veres, Katalin / Matus, Gábor / Sinigla, Mónika / Lőkös, László

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 8, Issue 6

Abstract: Distribution data originating from earlier herbarium collections and recent biodiversity records form the basis of distribution analyses in lichen species with different ecological requirements, where the records allowed comparisons or showed clear ... ...

Abstract	Distribution data originating from earlier herbarium collections and recent biodiversity records form the basis of distribution analyses in lichen species with different ecological requirements, where the records allowed comparisons or showed clear trends. As the occurrences of lichens are strongly correlated to background environmental conditions (e.g., air pollution, global warming), confirmed by Wirth's ecological indicator values, the analysis of distribution types has a great value for bioindication and the establishment of current and future climatic and pollution situations. Five distribution types were introduced-presented by characteristic examples (13)-according to lichen distribution maps prepared in different periods of time (representing changing environmental conditions): (1) species of decreasing occurrences by time (e.g.,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2784229-0
ISSN	2309-608X ; 2309-608X
ISSN (online)	2309-608X
ISSN	2309-608X
DOI	10.3390/jof8060600
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: New Records of Species of the Lichen Genus Solenopsora A. Massal. in the Balkan Peninsula and Adjacent Islands

Fačkovcová, Zuzana / Lőkös, László / Farkas, Edit / Guttová, Anna

Herzogia. 2019 July 13, v. 32, no. 1

2019

Abstract: Fačkovcová, Z., Lőkös, L., Farkas, E. & Guttová, A. 2019. New records of species of the lichen genus Solenopsora A.Massal. in the Balkan Peninsula and adjacent islands. – Herzogia 32: 101–110. We report new records of Solenopsora candicans, S. cesatii, S. ...

Abstract	Fačkovcová, Z., Lőkös, L., Farkas, E. & Guttová, A. 2019. New records of species of the lichen genus Solenopsora A.Massal. in the Balkan Peninsula and adjacent islands. – Herzogia 32: 101–110. We report new records of Solenopsora candicans, S. cesatii, S. grisea, S. marina, S. olivacea subsp. olbiensis and S. olivacea subsp. olivacea from calcareous rocks, and S. liparina from ultramafic rocks in the Balkan Peninsula and adjacent islands. Their distribution, ecology and key morphological features are discussed. The taxa S. candicans, S. cesatii, S. liparina, S. marina and S. olivacea subsp. olbiensis are reported for the first time from Albania, and S. cesatii from Bulgaria.
Keywords	carbonate rocks ; ecology ; islands ; lichens ; ultramafic rocks ; Albania ; Bulgaria
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0713
Size	p. 101-110.
Publishing place	Bryological and Lichenological Association for Central Europe (BLAM)
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2754551-9
ISSN	0018-0971
ISSN	0018-0971
DOI	10.13158/heia.32.1.2019.101
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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