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Article: AI and professional liability assessment in healthcare. A revolution in legal medicine?

Terranova, Claudio / Cestonaro, Clara / Fava, Ludovico / Cinquetti, Alessandro

2024 Volume 10, Page(s) 1337335

Abstract: The adoption of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare is transforming the healthcare-delivery landscape. Artificial intelligence may enhance patient safety and improve healthcare outcomes, but it presents notable ethical and legal ... ...

Abstract	The adoption of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare is transforming the healthcare-delivery landscape. Artificial intelligence may enhance patient safety and improve healthcare outcomes, but it presents notable ethical and legal dilemmas. Moreover, as AI streamlines the analysis of the multitude of factors relevant to malpractice claims, including informed consent, adherence to standards of care, and causation, the evaluation of professional liability might also benefit from its use. Beginning with an analysis of the basic steps in assessing professional liability, this article examines the potential new medical-legal issues that an expert witness may encounter when analyzing malpractice cases and the potential integration of AI in this context. These changes related to the use of integrated AI, will necessitate efforts on the part of judges, experts, and clinicians, and may require new legislative regulations. A new expert witness will be likely necessary in the evaluation of professional liability cases. On the one hand, artificial intelligence will support the expert witness; however, on the other hand, it will introduce specific elements into the activities of healthcare workers. These elements will necessitate an expert witness with a specialized cultural background. Examining the steps of professional liability assessment indicates that the likely path for AI in legal medicine involves its role as a collaborative and integrated tool. The combination of AI with human judgment in these assessments can enhance comprehensiveness and fairness. However, it is imperative to adopt a cautious and balanced approach to prevent complete automation in this field.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2023.1337335
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Article ; Online: Association between child behavioural problems and parenting stress in autism spectrum disorders: the role of parenting self-efficacy.

Strauss, Kristin / Servadio, Michela / Valeri, Giovanni / Casula, Laura / Vicari, Stefano / Fava, Leonardo

International journal of developmental disabilities

2022 Volume 70, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–58

Abstract: Introduction: ...

Abstract	Introduction:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625980-1
ISSN	2047-3877 ; 2047-3869
ISSN (online)	2047-3877
ISSN	2047-3869
DOI	10.1080/20473869.2022.2052417
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Book: L'analisi multidimensionale della psicopatologia

Fava, Leonardo

interventi integrati nel trattamento clinico

(Aspetti della psicologia)

2014

Author's details	Leonardo Fava
Series title	Aspetti della psicologia
MeSH term(s)	Mental Disorders/therapy ; Models, Psychological
Language	Italian
Size	176 pages :, illustrations.
Document type	Book
ISBN	9788815251114 ; 8815251111
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Article ; Online: Quantification of preservatives in tattoo and permanent make-up inks in the frame of the new requirements under the REACH Regulation.

Famele, Marco / Lavalle, Roberta / Leoni, Claudia / Majorani, Costanza / Ferranti, Carolina / Palleschi, Luca / Fava, Luca / Draisci, Rosa / D'Ilio, Sonia

Contact dermatitis

2022 Volume 87, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–240

Abstract: Background: According to the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) restriction, tattoo and permanent make-up (PMU) inks placed on the European Union market after January 4, 2022, shall not contain ... ...

Abstract	Background: According to the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) restriction, tattoo and permanent make-up (PMU) inks placed on the European Union market after January 4, 2022, shall not contain methylisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone (BIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), or other skin sensitizers in concentrations of 10 mg/kg or higher and phenoxyethanol (PE) or other eye irritants or damaging substances in concentrations of 100 mg/kg or higher. In addition, preservatives and other substances enlisted in Annex II to Cosmetic Product Regulation shall not be present in concentrations of 0.5 mg/kg or higher. Objectives: This study aims to quantify 14 preservatives in 99 tattoo and 39 PMU inks from the Italian market and presents a comparison with concentration limits set by the REACH restriction. Methods: Inks were analysed by applying validated analytical methods based on liquid chromatography techniques. Results: About 24.0%, 15.2% and 1.5% of the overall samples contained BIT, PE and OIT, respectively, at concentrations exceeding REACH concentration limits. The number of noncompliant tattoo inks (49.5%) would be significantly greater than that of the PMU inks (17.9%). Conclusions: About 40.6% of the samples would be noncompliant with the restriction for the presence of preservatives above the permitted level. Additional concentration limits will apply to skin sensitizing preservatives for proper labelling of inks under CLP (Classification, Labelling and Packaging) Regulation.
MeSH term(s)	Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology ; Excipients ; Humans ; Ink ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/adverse effects ; Skin ; Tattooing/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Excipients ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193121-0
ISSN	1600-0536 ; 0105-1873
ISSN (online)	1600-0536
ISSN	0105-1873
DOI	10.1111/cod.14105
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Article ; Online: Polysomnographic validation of an under-mattress monitoring device in estimating sleep architecture and obstructive sleep apnea in adults.

Ding, Feihong / Cotton-Clay, Andrew / Fava, Laura / Easwar, Venkat / Kinsolving, Arthur / Kahn, Philippe / Rama, Anil / Kushida, Clete

Sleep medicine

2022 Volume 96, Page(s) 20–27

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of an under-mattress monitoring device (Fullpower Technologies) in estimating sleep continuity and architecture, as well as estimating obstructive sleep apnea in an adult population.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of an under-mattress monitoring device (Fullpower Technologies) in estimating sleep continuity and architecture, as well as estimating obstructive sleep apnea in an adult population. Methods: Adult volunteers (n=102, 55% male and 45% female, aged 40.6 ± 13.7 years with a mean body mass index of 26.8 ± 5.8 kg/m Results: Overall, the Sleeptracker-AI Monitor estimated similar sleep continuity measures compared with PSG. The Sleeptracker-AI Monitor overestimated total sleep time (TST) by an average of 6.3 min and underestimated wake after sleep onset (WASO) by 10.2 min. Sleep efficiency (SE) was similar between the Sleeptracker-AI Monitor and PSG (87.6% and 86.3%, respectively). The epoch-by-epoch accuracy of Sleeptracker-AI Monitor to distinguish 4-stage sleep (wake, light, deep, and REM sleep) was 79.0% (95% CI: 77.8%, 80.2%) with a Cohen's kappa of 0.676 (95% CI: 0.656, 0.697). Thirty-five participants (34.3%) were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 based on PSG. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the Sleeptracker-AI Monitor to estimate OSA (an AHI ≥5) were 87.3% (95% CI: 80.8%, 93.7%), 85.7% (95% CI: 74.1%, 97.3%), and 88.1% (95% CI: 80.3%, 95.8%) respectively. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) for AHI ≥5 was 7.18 (95% CI: 3.69, 14.0), and the negative likelihood ratio (LR-) for AHI ≥5 was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.072, 0.368). Conclusion: The Sleeptracker-AI Monitor had high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in estimating sleep continuity measures and sleep architecture, as well as in estimating apnea and hypopnea events. These findings indicate that Sleeptracker-AI Monitor is a valid device to monitor sleep quantity and quality among adults. Sleeptracker-AI Monitor may also be a reliable complementary tool to PSG for OSA screening in clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Beds ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis ; Sleep Stages
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2012041-2
ISSN	1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
ISSN (online)	1878-5506
ISSN	1389-9457
DOI	10.1016/j.sleep.2022.04.010
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Article ; Online: Determination and risk assessment of phthalates in face masks. An Italian study.

Leoni, Claudia / Majorani, Costanza / Cresti, Raffaella / Marcello, Ida / Berardi, Emanuele / Fava, Luca / Attias, Leonello / D'Ilio, Sonia

Journal of hazardous materials

2022 Volume 443, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 130176

Abstract: Serious human health concerns have been recently raised from daily use of face masks, due to the possible presence of hazardous compounds as the phthalic acid esters (PAEs). In this study, the content of 11 PAEs in 35 commercial masks was assessed by ... ...

Abstract	Serious human health concerns have been recently raised from daily use of face masks, due to the possible presence of hazardous compounds as the phthalic acid esters (PAEs). In this study, the content of 11 PAEs in 35 commercial masks was assessed by applying a specific and accurate method, using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Surgical, FFP2 and non-surgical models, for both adults and children were collected from the Italian market. Analyses showed that four of the target analytes were detected in all tested samples with median total concentrations ranging between 23.6 mg/kg and 54.3 mg/kg. Results obtained from the experimental analysis were used in the risk assessment studies carried out for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. Doses of exposure (D
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Carcinogens/analysis ; Esters/analysis ; Masks ; Phthalic Acids/toxicity ; Phthalic Acids/analysis ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Carcinogens ; Esters ; phthalic acid (6O7F7IX66E) ; Phthalic Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130176
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Article ; Online: Parent inclusion in early intensive behavior interventions for young children with ASD: a synthesis of meta-analyses from 2009 to 2011.

Strauss, K / Mancini, F / Fava, L

Research in developmental disabilities

2013 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 2967–2985

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of six meta-analyses of early intensive behavioral interventions (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders published from 2009 to 2011. Analysis was conducted in three steps to account for ... ...

Abstract	This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of six meta-analyses of early intensive behavioral interventions (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders published from 2009 to 2011. Analysis was conducted in three steps to account for different formats of treatment delivery and the extent to which parents took part in treatment. The three components of the synthesis were (a) descriptive analysis, (b) effect size analysis, and (c) mediator analysis via partial correlation and linear regressions. We completed the analysis by obtaining standardized mean difference effect sizes for 13 comparative studies ordered by comparison study type and 22 mean change effect sizes ordered by treatment delivery type. Results suggest that EIBI leads generally to positive medium-to-large effects for three available outcome measures: intellectual functioning, language skills and adaptive behaviors. Although favorable effects were apparent across comparative studies, analysis by type of delivery format revealed that EIBI programs that include parents in treatment provision are more effective. Mediator analyses suggest that treatment variables and child characteristics impact program effectiveness when accounting for the extent of parent inclusion. Clinical implications toward individualized treatment tailoring are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Behavior Therapy/methods ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/psychology ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Early Intervention (Education)/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	639175-8
ISSN	1873-3379 ; 0891-4222
ISSN (online)	1873-3379
ISSN	0891-4222
DOI	10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.007
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Article ; Online: Response to Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention for autism--an umbrella approach to issues critical to treatment individualization.

Fava, Leonardo / Strauss, Kristin

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience

2014 Volume 39, Page(s) 49–58

Abstract: Integrating knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, neurological, and behavioral science targets, so far, early identification of children with autism and thus early access to intervention. Cross-discipline collaboration might be substantially ... ...

Abstract	Integrating knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, neurological, and behavioral science targets, so far, early identification of children with autism and thus early access to intervention. Cross-discipline collaboration might be substantially improve treatment efficacy via individualized treatment based on the child and family needs, consistency across treatment providers and careful planning of skill curricula, setting and techniques. This paper documents the current state of five main issues critical to treatment individualization where cross-discipline collaboration is warranted: (1) developmental timing, (2) treatment intensity, (3) heterogeneity in treatment response, (4) program breath and flexibility, and (5) formats of treatment provision.
MeSH term(s)	Autistic Disorder/rehabilitation ; Behavior Therapy/methods ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/rehabilitation ; Early Intervention, Educational ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605533-3
ISSN	1873-474X ; 0736-5748
ISSN (online)	1873-474X
ISSN	0736-5748
DOI	10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.004
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Article ; Online: Monitoring of alcohol-based hand rubs in SARS-CoV-2 prevention by HS-GC/MS and electrochemical biosensor: A survey of commercial samples.

Majorani, Costanza / Leoni, Claudia / Micheli, Laura / Cancelliere, Rocco / Famele, Marco / Lavalle, Roberta / Ferranti, Carolina / Palleschi, Luca / Fava, Luca / Draisci, Rosa / D'Ilio, Sonia

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

2022 Volume 214, Page(s) 114694

Abstract: Alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) have found large diffusion during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, thus becoming the most widespread means for hand hygiene. Whereby, it is fundamental to assess the alignment of commercial ... ...

Abstract	Alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) have found large diffusion during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, thus becoming the most widespread means for hand hygiene. Whereby, it is fundamental to assess the alignment of commercial ABHRs to the indications provided by the principal health agencies regarding alcohol content and possible impurities. In this work, a novel improvement of previous existent methods for the determination of alcohol content in such products was reported. In particular, two alternative sensitive and reproducible methods, such as an electrochemical screen-printed based enzymatic (alcohol oxidase) biosensor and a Headspace Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) were proposed. The electrochemical device represents a rapid, low-cost and accurate fraud screening method for alcohol-based hand rubs. The second technique confirms, identifies and simultaneously determines ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and methyl alcohol, improving their extraction through acidification in the sample pre-treatment step. The developed specific HS-GC/MS method was in-house validated according to ISO/IEC 17025 requirements. Analytical parameters such as limit of detection (LoD 0.13%v/v - 0.17%v/v), limit of quantification (LoQ 0.44% v/v - 0.57% v/v), inter-day repeatability (RSD
MeSH term(s)	2-Propanol ; Biosensing Techniques ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Ethanol ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; 2-Propanol (ND2M416302)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604917-5
ISSN	1873-264X ; 0731-7085
ISSN (online)	1873-264X
ISSN	0731-7085
DOI	10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114694
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Article ; Online: Multi-sensory rooms: comparing effects of the Snoezelen and the Stimulus Preference environment on the behavior of adults with profound mental retardation.

Fava, Leonardo / Strauss, Kristin

Research in developmental disabilities

2010 Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 160–171

Abstract: The present study examined whether Snoezelen and Stimulus Preference environments have differential effects on disruptive and pro-social behaviors in adults with profound mental retardation and autism. In N=27 adults these target behaviors were recorded ... ...

Abstract	The present study examined whether Snoezelen and Stimulus Preference environments have differential effects on disruptive and pro-social behaviors in adults with profound mental retardation and autism. In N=27 adults these target behaviors were recorded for a total of 20 sessions using both multi-sensory rooms. Three comparison groups were created by diagnosis and motor respective linguistic abilities. Each client was exposed to only one multi-sensory room. Results showed that Snoezelen intervention decreased disruptive behaviors only in individuals with autism, while Stimulus Preference increased pro-social behaviors only in participants with profound mental retardation with co-occurring poor motor and linguistic abilities. Furthermore, several trend analyses of the improved behaviors were conducted throughout all sessions toward short and mid term effects of the multi-sensory room applications. These findings support both the prudence of using the Snoezelen room in individuals with developmental disabilities and the importance of using a Stimulus Preference assessment in multi-sensory environments in clients with profound mental retardation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aggression/psychology ; Arousal ; Attention ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/rehabilitation ; Choice Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/diagnosis ; Intellectual Disability/psychology ; Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation ; Intelligence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Relaxation Therapy ; Sensation ; Social Behavior ; Social Environment ; Stereotyped Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639175-8
ISSN	1873-3379 ; 0891-4222
ISSN (online)	1873-3379
ISSN	0891-4222
DOI	10.1016/j.ridd.2009.08.006
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