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Article ; Online: Establishment and characterization of an SV40 immortalized chicken intestinal epithelial cell line.

Ghiselli, Federico / Felici, Martina / Piva, Andrea / Grilli, Ester

2023 Volume 102, Issue 10, Page(s) 102864

Abstract: Primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells or 3D enteroids are a powerful tool to study the different biological mechanisms that occur in the chicken intestine. Unfortunately, they are not ideal for large-scale screening or long-term studies due to ... ...

Abstract	Primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells or 3D enteroids are a powerful tool to study the different biological mechanisms that occur in the chicken intestine. Unfortunately, they are not ideal for large-scale screening or long-term studies due to their short lifespan. Moreover, they require expensive culture media, coatings, or the usage of live embryos for each isolation. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize an immortalized chicken intestinal epithelial cell line to help the study of host-pathogen interactions in poultry. This cell line was established by transducing into primary chicken enterocytes the SV40 large-T antigen through a lentiviral vector. The transduced cells grew without changes up to 40 passages maintaining, after a differentiation phase of 48 h with epidermal growth factor, the biological properties of mature enterocytes such as alkaline phosphatase activity and tight junction formation. Immortalized enterocytes were able to generate a cytokine response during an inflammatory challenge, and showed to be susceptible to Eimeria tenella sporozoites invasion and generate a proper immune response to parasitic and lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli) stimulation. This immortalized cell line could be a cost-effective and easy-to-maintain model for all the public health, food safety, or research and pharmaceutical laboratories that study host-pathogen interactions, foodborne pathogens, and food or feed science in vitro.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells ; Enterocytes ; Intestines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2023.102864
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Article ; Online: Analysis of current methods and Welfare concerns in the transport of 118 horses by commercial air cargo companies.

Felici, Martina / Cogger, Naomi / Nanni Costa, Leonardo / Riley, Christopher Bruce / Padalino, Barbara

BMC veterinary research

2024 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 158

Abstract: Background: Studies on equine air transport practices and consequences are scarce. This prospective study aimed to describe horse and air journey details and practices, document how horse behavior and health changed during the air transport phases, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Studies on equine air transport practices and consequences are scarce. This prospective study aimed to describe horse and air journey details and practices, document how horse behavior and health changed during the air transport phases, quantify the occurrence of welfare issues, and identify possible associations between horse and journey details, air transport practices, and welfare issues. Results: Data were collected from before departure to five days after arrival on 118/597 horses traveling on 32 commercial air journeys on different routes, varying in duration and conditions. Most horses were middle-aged warmblood females, 26% of which were pregnant, and being moved by air for sales. Before flying, most were quarantined (median: 18; IQR: 9-53 days), and their fitness for travel was certified by veterinarians. At the departure airports, external temperatures varied from - 6 °C to 33 °C, and horses were loaded by experienced flight grooms (median: 35; IQR: 15-40 years) into jet stalls (three-horse: 87%, two-horse: 13%). During the flights, horses were regularly watered (water intake median: 14 L) and fed ad libitum (feed consumption median: 8 kg). At the arrival airport, horses were unloaded from the jet stalls, and external temperatures ranged from - 5 °C to 32 °C. Then, all horses were transported to arrival quarantine by road. Air transport phases affected horses' health status and behavior; increased heart and respiratory rates and behaviors, such as pawing, head tossing, and vocalization, were mainly identified at departure and arrival. Horse interaction, nasal discharge, increased capillary refill time (CRT), and abnormal demeanor were observed more often one hour before landing while resting and normal capillary refill time were more often displayed five days after arrival (all P < 0.01). One hour before landing, horses with bad temperament and horses of unknown temperament were more likely to develop nasal discharge when transported in winter and autumn (P < 0.001). The likelihood of an increased CRT was associated with shorter flights in horses of unknown travel experience (P < 0.001). Ten horses were injured, and 11 developed pleuropneumonias (i.e., shipping fever). Conclusions: Air transport is a complex procedure with several different phases affecting horse health and behavior. Therefore, experienced staff should carefully manage each horse before, during, and after air journeys to minimize welfare hazards.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Horses/physiology ; Animal Welfare ; Female ; Transportation ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Aircraft ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191675-5
ISSN	1746-6148 ; 1746-6148
ISSN (online)	1746-6148
ISSN	1746-6148
DOI	10.1186/s12917-024-03999-9
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Article: GLAD Scale for Ranking Welfare of Horses on Arrival after Transport to Slaughterhouses.

Padalino, Barbara / Benedetti, Beatrice / Felici, Martina / Bicout, Dominique Joseph

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2023 Volume 13, Issue 9

Abstract: To date, there is no official method for measuring horse welfare after transport. This study aimed to develop a scale to classify horses into four categories: good shape; light affected; affected; down (GLAD) based on their welfare impairment measured at ...

Abstract	To date, there is no official method for measuring horse welfare after transport. This study aimed to develop a scale to classify horses into four categories: good shape; light affected; affected; down (GLAD) based on their welfare impairment measured at unloading. To this end, 15 animal-based measures (ABMs), previously recorded from 1019 horses, were scored. Weight and severity scores provided by welfare experts, alongside the number of welfare principles highlighted by the ABM, were assigned to each ABM. The welfare impairment (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13091465
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Article ; Online: GLAD Scale for Ranking Welfare of Horses on Arrival after Transport to Slaughterhouses

Padalino, Barbara / Benedetti, Beatrice / Felici, Martina / Bicout, Dominique Joseph

Animals. 2023 Apr. 25, v. 13, no. 9

2023

Abstract	To date, there is no official method for measuring horse welfare after transport. This study aimed to develop a scale to classify horses into four categories: good shape; light affected; affected; down (GLAD) based on their welfare impairment measured at unloading. To this end, 15 animal-based measures (ABMs), previously recorded from 1019 horses, were scored. Weight and severity scores provided by welfare experts, alongside the number of welfare principles highlighted by the ABM, were assigned to each ABM. The welfare impairment (S) of each horse was then calculated as the weighted sum of the severity scores of the 15 ABMs. Three thresholds were also set to define the four GLAD categories; the ABM “down” (i.e., horses unable to stand and walk on arrival, also considered by the law as the indicator of the worst welfare) was used as the higher threshold, Sdₒwₙ, (category D); the intermediate threshold, S₂, was defined by the ABM “injuries”, assumed to represent highly impaired welfare (category A); the threshold, S₁, was defined assuming that significant welfare impairment starts from 20% of S₂ (L category). Horses with an S value below S₁ were considered physically and mentally fit (G category). Out of 1019, 43% of horses fell into category G, 48% into L, 9% into A, and 0.3% into D. Our scale could be useful for veterinarians to decide whether a horse can be slaughtered immediately (G), needs rest (L), needs attention (A), or euthanasia (D), but further validation is needed.
Keywords	disability weights ; euthanasia ; experts ; horses ; methodology ; slaughter ; slaughterhouses ; veterinarians ; walking
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0425
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13091465
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pilot Study on Annual Horse Movements by Air and the Possible Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Felici, Martina / Cogger, Naomi / Riley, Christopher B. / Padalino, Barbara

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 Feb., v. 121 p.104208-

2023

Abstract: There is a lack of information on the number of horses shipped globally by air annually, the purpose of air travel and the routes of their journeys. This pilot study aimed to collect retrospective data on the international movements of horses by air from ...

Abstract	There is a lack of information on the number of horses shipped globally by air annually, the purpose of air travel and the routes of their journeys. This pilot study aimed to collect retrospective data on the international movements of horses by air from 2018 to 2021, describe their routes, and identify the possible effects of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Equine transport data was gathered from 7 of 15 international shipping companies (ISCs) and 5 of 8 airlines contacted by email. The seven ISCs performed a median of 10,401 horse movements annually, ranging from a few hundred to several thousand movements per company, most frequently in Europe (Western and Northern Europe), Middle East/Africa (Middle East, Southern Africa), Asia Pacific (Australia), and the Americas (North and South America). The five airlines performed a median of 10,656 horse movements annually, importing and exporting horses to and from Europe, North America, Australasia, and the Middle East. For all but one airline, the number of horse movements decreased in 2020. The number and journey characteristics of horses transported by air require further scientific studies focused on the epidemiological and welfare risks unique to this type of transport to enable the development and implementation of best practices and regulations based on objective evidence.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; air ; air transportation ; e-mail ; horses ; pandemic ; veterinary medicine ; Asia ; Australasian region ; Australia ; Europe ; Middle East ; North America ; Northern European region ; South America ; Southern Africa ; Air transport ; Movements ; COVID-19 ; Horse ; Routes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104208
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: In Vitro Assessment of Anticoccidials: Methods and Molecules

Felici, Martina / Tugnoli, Benedetta / Piva, Andrea / Grilli, Ester

Animals. 2021 June 30, v. 11, no. 7

2021

Abstract: Avian coccidiosis is a disease causing considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. It is caused by Eimeria spp., protozoan parasites characterized by an exogenous–endogenous lifecycle. In vitro research on these pathogens is very complicated ... ...

Abstract	Avian coccidiosis is a disease causing considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. It is caused by Eimeria spp., protozoan parasites characterized by an exogenous–endogenous lifecycle. In vitro research on these pathogens is very complicated and lacks standardization. This review provides a description of the main in vitro protocols so far assessed focusing on the exogenous phase, with oocyst viability and sporulation assays, and on the endogenous phase, with invasion and developmental assays in cell cultures and in ovo. An overview of these in vitro applications to screen both old and new remedies and to understand the relative mode of action is also discussed.
Keywords	Eimeria ; Protozoa ; birds ; coccidiosis ; coccidiostats ; mechanism of action ; oocysts ; poultry industry ; sporulation ; viability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0630
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11071962
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Pilot Study on Annual Horse Movements by Air and the Possible Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Felici, Martina / Cogger, Naomi / Riley, Christopher B / Padalino, Barbara

Journal of equine veterinary science

2022 Volume 121, Page(s) 104208

Abstract	There is a lack of information on the number of horses shipped globally by air annually, the purpose of air travel and the routes of their journeys. This pilot study aimed to collect retrospective data on the international movements of horses by air from 2018 to 2021, describe their routes, and identify the possible effects of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Equine transport data was gathered from 7 of 15 international shipping companies (ISCs) and 5 of 8 airlines contacted by email. The seven ISCs performed a median of 10,401 horse movements annually, ranging from a few hundred to several thousand movements per company, most frequently in Europe (Western and Northern Europe), Middle East/Africa (Middle East, Southern Africa), Asia Pacific (Australia), and the Americas (North and South America). The five airlines performed a median of 10,656 horse movements annually, importing and exporting horses to and from Europe, North America, Australasia, and the Middle East. For all but one airline, the number of horse movements decreased in 2020. The number and journey characteristics of horses transported by air require further scientific studies focused on the epidemiological and welfare risks unique to this type of transport to enable the development and implementation of best practices and regulations based on objective evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Horses ; Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Pilot Projects ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104208
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Article: In Vitro Assessment of Anticoccidials: Methods and Molecules.

Felici, Martina / Tugnoli, Benedetta / Piva, Andrea / Grilli, Ester

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2021 Volume 11, Issue 7

Abstract: Avian coccidiosis is a disease causing considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. It is caused ... ...

Abstract	Avian coccidiosis is a disease causing considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. It is caused by
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11071962
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Autonomic nervous system balance in parturient mares: Spontaneous vs induced delivery.

Felici, Martina / Sgorbini, Micaela / Baragli, Paolo / Lanatà, Antonio / Marmorini, Paola / Camillo, Francesco

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0283116

Abstract: Delivery is not easily predictable in horses and the consequences of dystocia can be serious for both the mare and foal. An induction protocol with low doses of oxytocin has been reported as a safe procedure. This study investigates the effect of induced ...

Abstract	Delivery is not easily predictable in horses and the consequences of dystocia can be serious for both the mare and foal. An induction protocol with low doses of oxytocin has been reported as a safe procedure. This study investigates the effect of induced delivery on at-term mares' sympathetic-vagal balance. Fourteen mares were included and divided into two groups, one subjected to spontaneous delivery (SD), and one to induced delivery (ID). In both groups, an ECG was recorded using an elastic belt with integrated smart textile electrodes. The recording started before the delivery (Basal), continued close to delivery (Pre-delivery) and during delivery (Delivery), and ended after parturition (Placental expulsion). From the ECGs, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters relating to time and frequency domains and non-linear analysis were extrapolated. The HRV analysis was performed both within the same group (IntraGA) and between the two groups (InterGA). In the present study, spontaneous and induced delivery did not appear to differ in autonomic nervous system functioning. In IntraGA analysis, both for SD and ID mares, delivery and placental expulsion periods were parasympathetic dominated since vagal-related HRV parameters increased. Moreover, no differences were found in InterGA comparison between SD and ID mares, except for the pre-delivery period of ID mares, during which both branches of the autonomic nervous system were activated. These results are in line with the literature on parasympathetic dominance during parturition and no change in Heart Rate Variability following exogenous oxytocin administration in parturient mares.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Animals ; Horses ; Female ; Humans ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Placenta ; Parturition/physiology ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Dystocia
Chemical Substances	Oxytocin (50-56-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0283116
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Article: Dromedary camel's welfare: literature from 1980 to 2023 with a text mining and topic analysis approach.

Masebo, Naod T / Zappaterra, Martina / Felici, Martina / Benedetti, Beatrice / Padalino, Barbara

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1277512

Abstract: Dromedary camels are the preferable livestock species in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Most of the world's camel populations are managed under a subsistence/extensive system maintained by migratory pastoralists but intensification is ... ...

Abstract	Dromedary camels are the preferable livestock species in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Most of the world's camel populations are managed under a subsistence/extensive system maintained by migratory pastoralists but intensification is getting more frequent. Even though recently the welfare of camels has been receiving more attention, in many countries there are no regulations to protect their health and welfare. The objectives of this article were to explore the main research topics related to camel welfare, their distribution over time and to highlight research gaps. A literature search was performed to identify records published in English from January 1980 to March 2023 on Dromedary camel welfare via Scopus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1277512
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