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Article ; Online: Sperm washing - yes or no? An open issue still to be debated.

Fenizia, Claudio / Savasi, Valeria

2020 Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 969

MeSH term(s)	Alphapapillomavirus ; Humans ; Male ; Reproduction ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2113823-0
ISSN	1472-6491 ; 1472-6483
ISSN (online)	1472-6491
ISSN	1472-6483
DOI	10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.017
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Article: Updated Considerations for the Immunopharmacological Aspects of the "Talented mRNA Vaccines".

Perrotta, Cristiana / Fenizia, Claudio / Carnovale, Carla / Pozzi, Marco / Trabattoni, Daria / Cervia, Davide / Clementi, Emilio

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines belong to a new class of medications, RNA therapeutics, including both coding and non-coding RNAs. The use of mRNA as a therapy is based on the biological role of mRNA itself, namely its translation into a functional protein. ...

Abstract	Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines belong to a new class of medications, RNA therapeutics, including both coding and non-coding RNAs. The use of mRNA as a therapy is based on the biological role of mRNA itself, namely its translation into a functional protein. The goal of mRNA vaccines is to produce a specific antigen in cells to elicit an immune response that might be prophylactic or therapeutic. The potential of mRNA as vaccine has been envisaged for years but its efficacy has been clearly demonstrated with the approval of COVID-19 vaccines in 2021. Since then, mRNA vaccines have been in the pipeline for diseases that are still untreatable. There are many advantages of mRNA vaccines over traditional vaccines, including easy and cost-effective production, high safety, and high-level antigen expression. However, the nature of mRNA itself and some technical issues pose challenges associated with the vaccines' development and use. Here we review the immunological and pharmacological features of mRNA vaccines by discussing their pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and safety, with a particular attention on the advantages and challenges related to their administration. Furthermore, we present an overview of the areas of application and the clinical trials that utilize a mRNA vaccine as a treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11091481
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Article ; Online: Genetic and epigenetic regulation of natural resistance to HIV-1 infection: new approaches to unveil the HESN secret.

Fenizia, Claudio / Saulle, Irma / Clerici, Mario / Biasin, Mara

Expert review of clinical immunology

2020 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 429–445

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HIV Infections/genetics ; HIV Seronegativity/immunology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Proteomics ; Whole Exome Sequencing
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2274260-8
ISSN	1744-8409 ; 1744-666X
ISSN (online)	1744-8409
ISSN	1744-666X
DOI	10.1080/1744666X.2020.1732820
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Article: Sperm washing - yes or no? An open issue still to be debated

Fenizia, Claudio / Savasi, Valeria

Reprod. biomed. online

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #727689
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy in asymptomatic women.

Fenizia, Claudio / Vanetti, Claudia / Rana, Francesca / Cappelletti, Gioia / Cetin, Irene / Biasin, Mara / Savasi, Valeria

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2022 Volume 124, Page(s) 159–163

Abstract: Objectives: It is now well established that in utero vertical SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur during the late third trimester. However, little is known about other gestational ages. Recently, an increased risk of early miscarriage was reported in ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: It is now well established that in utero vertical SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur during the late third trimester. However, little is known about other gestational ages. Recently, an increased risk of early miscarriage was reported in pregnant women who were SARS-CoV-2-positive. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the putative SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy. Design: This is an observational study on pregnant women who were SARS-CoV-2-positive during the first trimester. Fetal and syncytiotrophoblastic specimens were collected by hysterosuction from 17 pregnant women who were SARS-CoV-2-positive and voluntarily terminated the pregnancy between week 8 and 12. We investigated the viral vertical transmission using SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in the fetus and syncytiotrophoblast by two different techniques. Results: The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission is indeed possible during the first trimester in asymptomatic women. Although maternal viremia was never detected, roughly 30% of the fetuses and 17% of the syncytiotrophoblasts were found to be SARS-CoV-2-positive. Conclusion: Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to the fetus through the syncytiotrophoblast. Concerningly, this happens in asymptomatic pregnant women as well. Possible long-term detrimental consequences on fetal development still need to be assessed. This should be taken into consideration in the management of pregnant women by implementing preventive strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; RNA, Viral ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis ; COVID-19 ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Pregnancy Outcome
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-16
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2022.09.020
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Zs.A 4516: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cyclosporine A Inhibits Viral Infection and Release as Well as Cytokine Production in Lung Cells by Three SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Fenizia, Claudio / Galbiati, Silvia / Vanetti, Claudia / Vago, Riccardo / Clerici, Mario / Tacchetti, Carlo / Daniele, Tiziana

Microbiology spectrum

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) e0150421

Abstract: In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started spreading worldwide causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The hyperactivation of the immune system has been proposed to account for disease ... ...

Abstract	In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started spreading worldwide causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The hyperactivation of the immune system has been proposed to account for disease severity and death in COVID-19 patients. Despite several approaches having been tested, no therapeutic protocol has been approved. Given that Cyclosporine A (CsA) is well-known to exert a strong antiviral activity on several viral strains and an anti-inflammatory role in different organs with relevant benefits in diverse pathological contexts, we tested its effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells. We found that treatment with CsA either before or after infection of CaLu3 cells by three SARS-CoV-2 variants: (i) reduces the expression of both viral RNA and proteins in infected cells; (ii) decreases the number of progeny virions released by infected cells; (iii) dampens the virus-triggered synthesis of cytokines (including IL-6, IL-8, IL1α and TNF-α) that are involved in cytokine storm in patients. Altogether, these data provide a rationale for CsA repositioning for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/virology ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/immunology ; Humans ; Lung/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Virus Release/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Cytokines ; Cyclosporine (83HN0GTJ6D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.01504-21
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Effectiveness in Rituximab-Treated Patients Affected by Pemphigus Vulgaris.

Fenizia, Claudio / Moltrasio, Chiara / Ottobrini, Luisa / Utyro, Olga / Genovese, Giovanni / Vanetti, Claudia / Trabattoni, Daria / Marzano, Angelo V

The Journal of investigative dermatology

2023 Volume 143, Issue 8, Page(s) 1601–1604

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Immunologic Factors ; Pemphigus/drug therapy ; Rituximab/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunologic Factors ; Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80136-7
ISSN	1523-1747 ; 0022-202X
ISSN (online)	1523-1747
ISSN	0022-202X
DOI	10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.023
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Article ; Online: Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in HIV-vertically infected young patients after three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Vanetti, Claudia / Stracuzzi, Marta / Crivellaro, Elisa / Ciciliano, Federica / Garziano, Micaela / Fenizia, Claudio / Biasin, Mara / Rubinacci, Valeria / Amendola, Antonella / Tanzi, Elisabetta / Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo / Clerici, Mario / Giacomet, Vania / Trabattoni, Daria

Frontiers in immunology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1301766

Abstract: Background: Data on the efficacy of three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine doses and the role of previous SARS-CoV-2-infection in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-vertically-infected people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited, as is the duration ... ...

Abstract	Background: Data on the efficacy of three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine doses and the role of previous SARS-CoV-2-infection in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-vertically-infected people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited, as is the duration of vaccine-induced responses. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 plasma neutralizing activity (NA) against the European (B.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) were analyzed in 29 ART-treated young PLWH (mean age 27.9 years) and 30 healthy controls (HC) who received three BNT162b2 vaccine doses. Individuals were stratified based on the presence/absence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (infected and vaccinated -SIV-; uninfected and vaccinated -SV-). Analyses were performed before vaccination (T0), 25 days from the second dose (T1), the day the third dose was administered (T2), and 3 months after the third dose (T3). Results: In PLWH: i) NA against all variants was higher in SIV compared to SV at T2 and was increased at T3; ii) switched-memory plasmablasts were augmented in SIV alone at T2 and T3; iii) a SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell memory was generated; iv) IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were boosted at T3 mainly in SV. CMI magnitude was reduced in PLWH compared to HC. Notably, after the third dose of vaccine viremia was unmodified, but CD4 T cell counts were reduced>20% in 3/29 PHLW. Conclusion: A third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine induces strong humoral and CMI responses in young ART-treated PLWH independently from a previous SARS-CoV-2 natural infection. The lower magnitude of CMI responses should be considered when planning mRNA vaccine booster doses in PLWH.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunity, Cellular ; RNA, Messenger ; HIV Infections
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; BNT162 Vaccine ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301766
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Article ; Online: Alpha-synuclein dynamics bridge Type-I Interferon response and SARS-CoV-2 replication in peripheral cells.

Limanaqi, Fiona / Zecchini, Silvia / Saulle, Irma / Strizzi, Sergio / Vanetti, Claudia / Garziano, Micaela / Cappelletti, Gioia / Parolin, Debora / Caccia, Sonia / Trabattoni, Daria / Fenizia, Claudio / Clerici, Mario / Biasin, Mara

Biological research

2024 Volume 57, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

Abstract: Background: Increasing evidence suggests a double-faceted role of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) following infection by a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Although α-syn accumulation is known to contribute to cell toxicity and the development and/or ... ...

Abstract	Background: Increasing evidence suggests a double-faceted role of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) following infection by a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Although α-syn accumulation is known to contribute to cell toxicity and the development and/or exacerbation of neuropathological manifestations, it is also a key to sustaining anti-viral innate immunity. Consistently with α-syn aggregation as a hallmark of Parkinson's disease, most studies investigating the biological function of α-syn focused on neural cells, while reports on the role of α-syn in periphery are limited, especially in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Results herein obtained by real time qPCR, immunofluorescence and western blot indicate that α-syn upregulation in peripheral cells occurs as a Type-I Interferon (IFN)-related response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Noteworthy, this effect mostly involves α-syn multimers, and the dynamic α-syn multimer:monomer ratio. Administration of excess α-syn monomers promoted SARS-CoV-2 replication along with downregulation of IFN-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) in epithelial lung cells, which was associated with reduced α-syn multimers and α-syn multimer:monomer ratio. These effects were prevented by combined administration of IFN-β, which hindered virus replication and upregulated ISGs, meanwhile increasing both α-syn multimers and α-syn multimer:monomer ratio in the absence of cell toxicity. Finally, in endothelial cells displaying abortive SARS-CoV-2 replication, α-syn multimers, and multimer:monomer ratio were not reduced following exposure to the virus and exogenous α-syn, suggesting that only productive viral infection impairs α-syn multimerization and multimer:monomer equilibrium. Conclusions: Our study provides novel insights into the biology of α-syn, showing that its dynamic conformations are implicated in the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection in peripheral cells. In particular, our results suggest that promotion of non-toxic α-syn multimers likely occurs as a Type-I IFN-related biological response which partakes in the suppression of viral replication. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings in neuronal cells as well as animal models, and to ascertain the nature of such α-syn conformations.
MeSH term(s)	alpha-Synuclein ; COVID-19 ; Endothelial Cells ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Humans ; Cell Line ; Interferon Type I ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	alpha-Synuclein ; Interferon Type I
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1138990-4
ISSN	0717-6287 ; 0716-9760
ISSN (online)	0717-6287
ISSN	0716-9760
DOI	10.1186/s40659-023-00482-x
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Entry: At the Crossroads of CD147 and ACE2.

Fenizia, Claudio / Galbiati, Silvia / Vanetti, Claudia / Vago, Riccardo / Clerici, Mario / Tacchetti, Carlo / Daniele, Tiziana

Cells

2021 Volume 10, Issue 6

Abstract: In late 2019, the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the viral agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Coronaviruses Spike proteins are responsible for their ability to interact with host membrane receptors and ... ...

Abstract	In late 2019, the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the viral agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Coronaviruses Spike proteins are responsible for their ability to interact with host membrane receptors and different proteins have been identified as SARS-CoV-2 interactors, among which Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Basigin2/EMMPRIN/CD147 (CD147). CD147 plays an important role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. In particular, SARS-CoV recognizes the CD147 receptor expressed on the surface of host cells by its nucleocapsid protein binding to cyclophilin A (CyPA), a ligand for CD147. However, the involvement of CD147 in SARS-CoV-2 infection is still debated. Interference with both the function (blocking antibody) and the expression (knock down) of CD147 showed that this receptor partakes in SARS-CoV-2 infection and provided additional clues on the underlying mechanism: CD147 binding to CyPA does not play a role; CD147 regulates ACE2 levels and both receptors are affected by virus infection. Altogether, these findings suggest that CD147 is involved in SARS-CoV-2 tropism and represents a possible therapeutic target to challenge COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	A549 Cells ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/physiology ; Animals ; Basigin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Basigin/genetics ; Basigin/physiology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Line ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Hep G2 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; RNA Interference/physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Vero Cells ; Viral Tropism/physiology ; Virus Internalization
Chemical Substances	BSG protein, human ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Virus ; Basigin (136894-56-9) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells10061434
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