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Article ; Online: Age and sex differences in pharmaceutical contamination in a keystone scavenger.

Blanco, Guillermo / Carrete, Martina / Navas, Isabel / García-Fernández, Antonio J

2024 Volume 251, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 118592

Abstract: Pharmaceutical contaminants have a recognized negative impact on wildlife health. However, there are still many knowledge gaps on the factors influencing exposure and metabolic processing of compound mixtures as a function of season and individual ... ...

Abstract	Pharmaceutical contaminants have a recognized negative impact on wildlife health. However, there are still many knowledge gaps on the factors influencing exposure and metabolic processing of compound mixtures as a function of season and individual characteristics such as age and sex. We evaluated age and sex differences in a set of seventeen compounds, including eleven antibiotics, five NSAIDs and caffeine, evaluated by HPLC-MS-TOF analysis in griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from central Spain. Pharmaceutical cocktails (up to 10 compounds simultaneously) were found in all individuals. Lincomycin was detected in all individuals, and fluoroquinolones were found at high frequencies, while NSAIDs were at low frequencies and concentrations, including flumixin meglumine, which can be lethal to vultures. A higher total number of compounds and sum of concentrations, as well as prevalence and concentration of several of the pharmaceuticals tested was found in females than in males for both nestlings and adults. This is the first study to present evidence of sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of dietary drug contaminants in a vulture species. Chronic exposure to "medications" in entire populations can potentially have sub-lethal health effects that affect fitness differently according to age and sex, with demographic implications for population viability. Specifically, if females have higher mortality after fledging due to high pharmaceutical contamination, this should be considered when modelling the population dynamic of this species for conservation purposes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2024.118592
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Article ; Online: Greater predisposition to second generation anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) weakened by suspected infectious disease.

Carrera, Alberto / Navas, Isabel / María-Mojica, Pedro / García-Fernández, Antonio J

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 907, Page(s) 167780

Abstract: Anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure in wild carnivores is a current and global concern due to continuous and widespread use worldwide. We studied the prevalence of ARs in liver samples of 25 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 3 European badgers (Meles meles) ...

Abstract	Anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure in wild carnivores is a current and global concern due to continuous and widespread use worldwide. We studied the prevalence of ARs in liver samples of 25 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 3 European badgers (Meles meles) and 2 genets (Genneta genneta) from Alicante (Spanish Levante region) obtained in 2021 and 2022. In addition to trauma, poisoning by pesticides is the most frequent cause of death in wild carnivores in this region. The present research aims to explain a possible association between the fact of suffering from an infectious disease and the increase in ARs concentrations in the affected animals. Both first- and second-generation ARs were analysed by HPLC/MS/TOF in liver samples. Apart from the cause of death, the influence of other variables such as age, sex and body weight were also assessed on AR liver concentrations. Potential health risks for individuals and populations in the study area have also been studied. Our research detected higher AR concentrations in the group of red foxes clinically diagnosed with infectious disease compared to the group of apparently healthy red foxes, mostly killed by trauma. Furthermore, our results lead us to suggest that red fox could be considered a good sentinel species for the risk of exposure to ARs in other wild mammals. All the livers analysed contained ARs and the most detected compounds in red fox were difenacoum, bromadiolone, brodifacoum, present in all the samples analysed, and flocoumafen (in 96 %). Additionally, 53 % of the animals had at least one second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) above the threshold value reported as triggering adverse health effects (200 ng/g). Regarding this, the level of risk in red fox in this area might be classified as high and worrying. Moreover, we suggest that individuals and populations with weakened health due to other diseases (for example, infectious or parasitic diseases) might be more prone to high exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides and, very probably, would be more sensitive to suffering serious effects at lower doses of ARs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anticoagulants ; Foxes ; Rodenticides ; Liver ; Sentinel Species
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants ; Rodenticides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167780
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Article: The Fate of Endemic Species Specialized in Island Habitat under Climate Change in a Mediterranean High Mountain.

Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio J / Fernández-Ceular, Ángel / Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo / Ballesteros, Miguel / Peñas, Julio

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 23

Abstract: Mediterranean high-mountain endemic species are particularly vulnerable to climatic changes in temperature, precipitation and snow-cover dynamics. Sierra Nevada (Spain) is a biodiversity hotspot in the western Mediterranean, with an enormous plant ... ...

Abstract	Mediterranean high-mountain endemic species are particularly vulnerable to climatic changes in temperature, precipitation and snow-cover dynamics. Sierra Nevada (Spain) is a biodiversity hotspot in the western Mediterranean, with an enormous plant species richness and endemicity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants11233193
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Article: Domestic Waste and Wastewaters as Potential Sources of Pharmaceuticals in Nestling White Storks (

Blanco, Guillermo / Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar / Espín, Silvia / Sánchez-Virosta, Pablo / Frías, Óscar / García-Fernández, Antonio J

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Information on the exposure of wild birds to pharmaceuticals from wastewater and urban refuse is scarce despite the enormous amount of drugs consumed and discarded by human populations. We tested for the presence of a battery of antibiotics, NSAIDs, and ... ...

Abstract	Information on the exposure of wild birds to pharmaceuticals from wastewater and urban refuse is scarce despite the enormous amount of drugs consumed and discarded by human populations. We tested for the presence of a battery of antibiotics, NSAIDs, and analgesics in the blood of white stork (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics12030520
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Article: The Role of Technology in Greenhouse Agriculture: Towards a Sustainable Intensification in Campo de Dalías (Almería, Spain)

Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio J / Peña-Fernández, Araceli / Molina, Luis / Aguilera, Pedro A

Agronomy. 2021 Jan. 07, v. 11, no. 1

2021

Abstract: Campo de Dalías, located in southeastern Spain, is the greatest European exponent of greenhouse agriculture. The development of this type of agriculture has led to an exponential economic development of one of the poorest areas of Spain, in a short ... ...

Abstract	Campo de Dalías, located in southeastern Spain, is the greatest European exponent of greenhouse agriculture. The development of this type of agriculture has led to an exponential economic development of one of the poorest areas of Spain, in a short period of time. Simultaneously, it has brought about a serious alteration of natural resources. This article will study the temporal evolution of changes in land use, and the exploitation of groundwater. Likewise, this study will delve into the technological development in greenhouses (irrigation techniques, new water resources, greenhouse structures or improvement in cultivation techniques) seeking a sustainable intensification of agriculture under plastic. This sustainable intensification also implies the conservation of existing natural areas.
Keywords	agriculture ; agronomy ; greenhouses ; groundwater ; irrigation ; land use ; methodology ; plastics ; sustainable agricultural intensification ; technology ; temporal variation ; water resources ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0107
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2607043-1
ISSN	2073-4395
ISSN	2073-4395
DOI	10.3390/agronomy11010101
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Developing a European network of analytical laboratories and government institutions to prevent poisoning of raptors

Valverde, Irene / Espín, Silvia / Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar / Sánchez-Virosta, Pablo / García-Fernández, Antonio J. / Berny, Philippe

Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2022 Feb., v. 194, no. 2

2022

Abstract: Many cases of wildlife poisoning in Europe have been reported causing population declines, especially in raptors. Toxicovigilance and risk assessment studies are essential to reinforce the knowledge of the number of illegal poisoning cases and the ... ...

Abstract	Many cases of wildlife poisoning in Europe have been reported causing population declines, especially in raptors. Toxicovigilance and risk assessment studies are essential to reinforce the knowledge of the number of illegal poisoning cases and the substances involved in these crimes. Many researchers and projects in different institutions have suggested the creation of a network to improve communication and share information between European countries. This article presents the results of the Short-Term Scientific Mission titled “Developing a Network of Analytical Labs and Government Institutions” supported by the COST Action European Raptor Biomonitoring Facility (CA16224), which aims to initiate a network of veterinary forensic toxicology laboratories, in order to improve communication among laboratories to prevent wildlife poisoning, especially in raptors. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and sent by email to 119 laboratories in Europe. It contained 39 questions on different topics (e.g. laboratory activities, analytical information). A total of 29 responses were received. Most participant laboratories work on veterinary forensic toxicology research and external cases at the same time, which provides a robust overview of the actual situation in the field. Analytical techniques and data collection methods should be harmonised, and communication between laboratories is encouraged to create a more effective network. The present study established contact between laboratories as an initial step to create a European network and compiled basic data to identify strengths and weaknesses that will help harmonise methodologies across Europe and increase pan-European capacities.
Keywords	data collection ; e-mail ; environmental monitoring ; forensic sciences ; questionnaires ; risk assessment ; toxicology ; wildlife ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Size	p. 113.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-021-09719-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Z 5186: Show issues

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Article: Conservation and Phylogeography of Plants: From the Mediterranean to the Rest of the World

Bobo-Pinilla, Javier / Salmerón-Sánchez, Esteban / Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio J. / Mota, Juan F. / Peñas, Julio

Diversity. 2022 Jan. 24, v. 14, no. 2

2022

Abstract: During the last decades, phylogeography has transformed the ways to analyze and understand plant diversity and biogeography. The repeated and increasingly detailed articles made from DNA data with phylogeographical procedures and algorithms have ... ...

Abstract	During the last decades, phylogeography has transformed the ways to analyze and understand plant diversity and biogeography. The repeated and increasingly detailed articles made from DNA data with phylogeographical procedures and algorithms have revolutionized biodiversity research, particularly on biodiversity conservation. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the different ways in which phylogeography has been applied to plants in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), especially to rare, threatened, and endemic plants. Studies ranged from basic research to how phylogeography is actually contributing to management conservation of Mediterranean plants. Finally, new and future phylogeography perspectives with integrative scientific arguments and conceptual bases applied to plant conservation biology are discussed.
Keywords	DNA ; biodiversity conservation ; phylogeography ; species diversity ; wildlife management
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0124
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518137-3
ISSN	1424-2818
ISSN	1424-2818
DOI	10.3390/d14020078
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Developing a European network of analytical laboratories and government institutions to prevent poisoning of raptors.

Valverde, Irene / Espín, Silvia / Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar / Sánchez-Virosta, Pablo / García-Fernández, Antonio J / Berny, Philippe

Environmental monitoring and assessment

2022 Volume 194, Issue 2, Page(s) 113

Abstract	Many cases of wildlife poisoning in Europe have been reported causing population declines, especially in raptors. Toxicovigilance and risk assessment studies are essential to reinforce the knowledge of the number of illegal poisoning cases and the substances involved in these crimes. Many researchers and projects in different institutions have suggested the creation of a network to improve communication and share information between European countries. This article presents the results of the Short-Term Scientific Mission titled "Developing a Network of Analytical Labs and Government Institutions" supported by the COST Action European Raptor Biomonitoring Facility (CA16224), which aims to initiate a network of veterinary forensic toxicology laboratories, in order to improve communication among laboratories to prevent wildlife poisoning, especially in raptors. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and sent by email to 119 laboratories in Europe. It contained 39 questions on different topics (e.g. laboratory activities, analytical information). A total of 29 responses were received. Most participant laboratories work on veterinary forensic toxicology research and external cases at the same time, which provides a robust overview of the actual situation in the field. Analytical techniques and data collection methods should be harmonised, and communication between laboratories is encouraged to create a more effective network. The present study established contact between laboratories as an initial step to create a European network and compiled basic data to identify strengths and weaknesses that will help harmonise methodologies across Europe and increase pan-European capacities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Environmental Monitoring ; Europe ; Government ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Raptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-021-09719-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Protocol to classify the stages of carcass decomposition and estimate the time of death in small-size raptors

Valverde, Irene / Espín, Silvia / María-Mojica, Pedro / García-Fernández, Antonio J

European journal of wildlife research. 2020 Dec., v. 66, no. 6

2020

Abstract: One of the most common wildlife crimes involving birds worldwide is malicious poisoning. Post-mortem examination and toxicological analysis are essential for a proper diagnosis of the cause of the poisoning. However, investigators often require an ... ...

Abstract	One of the most common wildlife crimes involving birds worldwide is malicious poisoning. Post-mortem examination and toxicological analysis are essential for a proper diagnosis of the cause of the poisoning. However, investigators often require an estimate of the time of death, which is best determined by identifying the stage of carcass decomposition. The aim of this article is to propose a scoring method to classify the stages of carcass decomposition and thus provide an estimate of the time of death in small-size raptors. This protocol can be used by practitioners, forensic veterinarians, researchers, authorities and personnel collecting carcasses in order to standardize methods and minimize subjectivity. For this purpose, 12 carcasses of Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) were exposed to external weather conditions (in the period 4–19 July 2019) in Murcia, Southeastern Spain. The ambient temperature and relative humidity, body core temperatures and carcass weights were measured at intervals over the study period. Necropsies were performed (2 birds at each interval) at 1–2 h, 24 h, 72 h, 96 h, 7 days and 15 days after death. The necropsy of a previously frozen bird was performed to act as a comparison with non-frozen fresh individuals. Six stages of the post-mortem autolytic process were selected: fresh carcass, moderate decomposition, advanced decomposition, very advanced decomposition, initial skeletal reduction and complete skeletal reduction. To classify the carcasses according to these categories, a scoring method is proposed considering 5 parameters: state of the eyeballs, tongue/oral cavity, pectoral muscle, internal organs and other features. Several parameters affecting the process of the decomposition are discussed.
Keywords	Falco tinnunculus ; ambient temperature ; birds of prey ; carcass weight ; crime ; dead animals ; death ; eyes ; forensic sciences ; human resources ; necropsy ; pectoralis muscle ; poisoning ; relative humidity ; researchers ; tongue ; toxicity testing ; veterinarians ; wildlife ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 93.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2141660-6
ISSN	1439-0574 ; 1612-4642
ISSN (online)	1439-0574
ISSN	1612-4642
DOI	10.1007/s10344-020-01429-3
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Z 1483: Show issues

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Article: Plants on Rich-Magnesium Dolomite Barrens: A Global Phenomenon

Mota, Juan / Merlo, Encarna / Martínez-Hernández, Fabián / Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio J / Pérez-García, Francisco Javier / Salmerón-Sánchez, Esteban

Biology. 2021 Jan. 08, v. 10, no. 1

2021

Abstract: For botanists and ecologists, the close link between some plants and substrates, such as serpentine or gypsum, is well known. However, the relationship between dolomite and its flora has been much less studied, due to various causes. Its diffuse ... ...

Abstract	For botanists and ecologists, the close link between some plants and substrates, such as serpentine or gypsum, is well known. However, the relationship between dolomite and its flora has been much less studied, due to various causes. Its diffuse separation from limestone and the use of a vague approach and terminology that, until now, no one has tried to harmonize are among these reasons. After carrying out an extensive review, completed with data on the distribution of plants linked to dolomite, the territories in which this type of flora appears at a global level were mapped using a geographic information system software. In addition, data on soils were collected, as well as on their influence on the ionomic profile of the flora. These data were completed with the authors’ own information from previous research, which also served to assess these communities’ degree of conservation and the genetic diversity of some of their characteristic species. The results showed that the so-called “dolomite phenomenon” is widely represented and is clearly manifested in the appearance of a peculiar flora, very rich in endemisms, on dry soils, poor in nutrients, and with a high Mg level. Although dolomite habitats cause adaptations in plants which are even more recognizable than those of other rock types, they have not been widely studied from an ecological, evolutionary, and conservation point of view because, so far, neither their characteristics nor their universal demarcation have been precisely defined.
Keywords	appearance (quality) ; botanists ; computer software ; dolomite ; ecologists ; flora ; genetic variation ; geographic information systems ; gypsum ; habitats ; information ; ionomics ; limestone ; nutrients ; research ; separation ; serpentine ; soil ; terminology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0108
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology10010038
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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