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  1. Article ; Online: Serology in the xxi century: is it still of interest?

    García Coca, Marta / Fernández Roblas, Ricardo / Gadea Gironés, Ignacio

    Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

    2019  Volume 37 Suppl 1, Page(s) 40–46

    Abstract: Serological techniques have developed in recent years, and are now more sensitive, automated and easier to interpret. However, serology in often being replaced by direct diagnosis based on molecular biology, essentially PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ... ...

    Title translation Serología en el siglo xxi: ¿continúa teniendo interés?
    Abstract Serological techniques have developed in recent years, and are now more sensitive, automated and easier to interpret. However, serology in often being replaced by direct diagnosis based on molecular biology, essentially PCR (polymerase chain reaction) techniques. Nevertheless, in some cases, serology continues to be an essential feature in the routine work of microbiology laboratories, such as in screening pregnant wo-men, studies of transplant donors and recipients, diagnosis of certain viruses and bacteria, and epidemiological and prevalence studies. The improved speed, sensitivity and specificity of direct diagnostic methods will probably continue to decrease antibody-based diagnosis. Thus, serology will not be relevant in the management of acute patient infections; however, it will continue to be relevant in population-based studies and in certain syndromic studies, with more automated and more sensitive, specific and cheap methods. Supplement information: This article is part of a supplement entitled «SEIMC External Quality Control Programme. Year 2016», which is sponsored by Roche, Vircell Microbiologists, Abbott Molecular and Francisco Soria Melguizo, S.A. © 2019 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosasy Microbiología Clínica. All rights reserved.
    MeSH term(s) Forecasting ; Humans ; Serologic Tests/methods ; Serologic Tests/trends
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2019-10-18
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2529-993X
    ISSN (online) 2529-993X
    DOI 10.1016/S0213-005X(19)30181-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: SARS-CoV-2 mutant spectra as variant of concern nurseries: endless variation?

    Martínez-González, Brenda / Soria, María Eugenia / Mínguez, Pablo / Lorenzo-Redondo, Ramón / Salar-Vidal, Llanos / López-García, Alberto / Esteban-Muñoz, Mario / Durán-Pastor, Antoni / Somovilla, Pilar / García-Crespo, Carlos / de Ávila, Ana Isabel / Gómez, Jordi / Esteban, Jaime / Fernández-Roblas, Ricardo / Gadea, Ignacio / Domingo, Esteban / Perales, Celia

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1358258

    Abstract: Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 isolates of a given clade may contain low frequency genomes that encode amino acids or deletions which are typical of a different clade.: Methods: Here we use high resolution ultra-deep sequencing to analyze SARS-CoV-2 mutant ...

    Abstract Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 isolates of a given clade may contain low frequency genomes that encode amino acids or deletions which are typical of a different clade.
    Methods: Here we use high resolution ultra-deep sequencing to analyze SARS-CoV-2 mutant spectra.
    Results: In 6 out of 11 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from COVID-19 patients, the mutant spectrum of the spike (S)-coding region included two or more amino acids or deletions, that correspond to discordant viral clades. A similar observation is reported for laboratory populations of SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020, following a cell culture infection in the presence of remdesivir, ribavirin or their combinations. Moreover, some of the clade-discordant genome residues are found in the same haplotype within an amplicon.
    Discussion: We evaluate possible interpretations of these findings, and reviewed precedents for rapid selection of genomes with multiple mutations in RNA viruses. These considerations suggest that intra-host evolution may be sufficient to generate minority sequences which are closely related to sequences typical of other clades. The results provide a model for the origin of variants of concern during epidemic spread─in particular Omicron lineages─that does not require prolonged infection, involvement of immunocompromised individuals, or participation of intermediate, non-human hosts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358258
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Healthcare-associated infections: new challenges looking for answers.

    Esteban, Jaime / Ortiz, Alberto / Fernández-Roblas, Ricardo

    Clinical kidney journal

    2015  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 100–101

    Abstract: Nosocomial transmission of multiresistant bacteria is a growing healthcare issue. In addition, new pathogens and pathogenic mechanisms, associated with therapies based on the use of live microorganisms, can be of importance in the near future. The ... ...

    Abstract Nosocomial transmission of multiresistant bacteria is a growing healthcare issue. In addition, new pathogens and pathogenic mechanisms, associated with therapies based on the use of live microorganisms, can be of importance in the near future. The current issue of CKJ illustrates healthcare-associated infections that go beyond common bacteria. First, the therapeutic use of live BCG mycobacteria is not without risks in the chronic kidney disease patients. Familiarity with these complications will allow their rapid recognition and optimized management. Second, strict adherence to universal precautions and healthcare guidelines is still mandatory in order to avoid undesirable risks such as transmission of hepatitis B virus.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2655800-2
    ISSN 2048-8513 ; 2048-8505
    ISSN (online) 2048-8513
    ISSN 2048-8505
    DOI 10.1093/ckj/sfu143
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  4. Article ; Online: Atypical Mutational Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Replicating in the Presence of Ribavirin.

    Somovilla, Pilar / García-Crespo, Carlos / Martínez-González, Brenda / Soria, María Eugenia / de Ávila, Ana Isabel / Gallego, Isabel / Mínguez, Pablo / Durán-Pastor, Antoni / Ferrer-Orta, Cristina / Salar-Vidal, Llanos / Esteban-Muñoz, Mario / Zuñiga, Sonia / Sola, Isabel / Enjuanes, Luis / Esteban, Jaime / Fernandez-Roblas, Ricardo / Gadea, Ignacio / Gómez, Jordi / Verdaguer, Nuria /
    Domingo, Esteban / Perales, Celia

    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

    2023  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) e0131522

    Abstract: We report that ribavirin exerts an inhibitory and mutagenic activity on SARS-CoV-2-infecting Vero cells, with a therapeutic index higher than 10. Deep sequencing analysis of the mutant spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 replicating in the absence or presence of ... ...

    Abstract We report that ribavirin exerts an inhibitory and mutagenic activity on SARS-CoV-2-infecting Vero cells, with a therapeutic index higher than 10. Deep sequencing analysis of the mutant spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 replicating in the absence or presence of ribavirin indicated an increase in the number of mutations, but not in deletions, and modification of diversity indices, expected from a mutagenic activity. Notably, the major mutation types enhanced by replication in the presence of ribavirin were A→G and U→C transitions, a pattern which is opposite to the dominance of G→A and C→U transitions previously described for most RNA viruses. Implications of the inhibitory activity of ribavirin, and the atypical mutational bias produced on SARS-CoV-2, for the search for synergistic anti-COVID-19 lethal mutagen combinations are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Ribavirin/pharmacology ; Ribavirin/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Vero Cells ; COVID-19 ; Mutation ; Mutagens/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Ribavirin (49717AWG6K) ; Antiviral Agents ; Mutagens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 217602-6
    ISSN 1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
    ISSN (online) 1098-6596
    ISSN 0066-4804
    DOI 10.1128/aac.01315-22
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  5. Article ; Online: Synergism between remdesivir and ribavirin leads to SARS-CoV-2 extinction in cell culture.

    García-Crespo, Carlos / de Ávila, Ana Isabel / Gallego, Isabel / Soria, María Eugenia / Durán-Pastor, Antoni / Somovilla, Pilar / Martínez-González, Brenda / Muñoz-Flores, Javier / Mínguez, Pablo / Salar-Vidal, Llanos / Esteban-Muñoz, Mario / Cañar-Camacho, Elizabeth / Ferrer-Orta, Cristina / Zuñiga, Sonia / Sola, Isabel / Enjuanes, Luis / Esteban, Jaime / Fernández-Roblas, Ricardo / Gadea, Ignacio /
    Gómez, Jordi / Verdaguer, Nuria / Domingo, Esteban / Perales, Celia

    British journal of pharmacology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background and purpose: There is a need for effective anti-COVID-19 treatments, mainly for individuals at risk of severe disease such as the elderly and the immunosuppressed. Drug repositioning has proved effective in identifying drugs that can find a ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: There is a need for effective anti-COVID-19 treatments, mainly for individuals at risk of severe disease such as the elderly and the immunosuppressed. Drug repositioning has proved effective in identifying drugs that can find a new application for the control of coronavirus disease, in particular COVID-19. The purpose of the present study was to find synergistic antiviral combinations for COVID-19 based on lethal mutagenesis.
    Experimental approach: The effect of combinations of remdesivir and ribavirin on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture has been tested. Viral populations were monitored by ultra-deep sequencing, and the decrease of infectivity as a result of the treatment was measured.
    Key results: Remdesivir and ribavirin exerted a synergistic inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2, quantified both by CompuSyn (Chou-Talalay method) and Synergy Finder (ZIP-score model). In serial passage experiments, virus extinction was readily achieved with remdesivir-ribavirin combinations at concentrations well below their cytotoxic 50 value, but not with the drugs used individually. Deep sequencing of treated viral populations showed that remdesivir, ribavirin, and their combinations evoked significant increases of the number of viral mutations and haplotypes, as well as modification of diversity indices that characterize viral quasi-species.
    Conclusion and implications: SARS-CoV-2 extinction can be achieved by synergistic combination treatments based on lethal mutagenesis. In addition, the results offer prospects of triple drug treatments for effective SARS-CoV-2 suppression.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80081-8
    ISSN 1476-5381 ; 0007-1188
    ISSN (online) 1476-5381
    ISSN 0007-1188
    DOI 10.1111/bph.16344
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  6. Article ; Online: Chagas' heart disease: Descriptive analysis of 141 patients in a hospital of Madrid, Spain.

    Acosta, Irene Carrillo / Pérez-Tanoira, Ramón / Prieto-Pérez, Laura / Úbeda, Alfonso Cabello / Álvarez Álvarez, Beatriz / Antoranz, Patricia Atencio / Fernández Guerrero, Manuel / Fernández Roblas, Ricardo / Orejas, Miguel / Tomás, Marta / Cariñanos, Irune / Górgolas, Miguel

    Travel medicine and infectious disease

    2020  Volume 37, Page(s) 101690

    Abstract: Background: Spain is the European country with the highest number of Trypanosoma cruzi infected patients. Due to the cardiac complications that these patients can develop, it is of paramount importance to evaluate the value of the different heart ... ...

    Abstract Background: Spain is the European country with the highest number of Trypanosoma cruzi infected patients. Due to the cardiac complications that these patients can develop, it is of paramount importance to evaluate the value of the different heart diagnostic tools.
    Method: In this observational study, we describe the main characteristics and data from electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 141 patients with Chagas' disease attended in a tertiary university hospital in Madrid from 2009 to 2018.
    Results: A total of 50 patients (35.4%) had at least one abnormal cardiac test: 34.2% altered electrocardiogram (40/117), 24.5% altered echocardiogram (27/110) and 9.2% abnormal cardiac MRI (13/41). Of those 13 with a pathological MRI, 53.8% had normal results for any other test. The most frequent alterations observed were hypokinesia with decreased LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), dilatation of cavities and cardiac fibrosis. Two thirds of patients with abnormal cardiac test were asymptomatic. Altered echocardiogram was found in 43.8% of patients ≥50 years compared to 16.6% under 50 years (p = 0.003).
    Conclusions: A transthoracic echocardiogram and a MRI of the heart added a 23.8% increment in diagnosing cardiac pathological findings.
    MeSH term(s) Chagas Cardiomyopathy ; Chagas Disease ; Europe ; Heart Diseases ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Spain ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2170891-5
    ISSN 1873-0442 ; 1477-8939
    ISSN (online) 1873-0442
    ISSN 1477-8939
    DOI 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101690
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  7. Article ; Online: Vaccine breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 Alpha mirror mutations in Delta Plus, Iota, and Omicron.

    Martínez-González, Brenda / Vázquez-Sirvent, Lucía / Soria, María E / Mínguez, Pablo / Salar-Vidal, Llanos / García-Crespo, Carlos / Gallego, Isabel / de Ávila, Ana I / Llorens, Carlos / Soriano, Beatriz / Ramos-Ruiz, Ricardo / Esteban, Jaime / Fernandez-Roblas, Ricardo / Gadea, Ignacio / Ayuso, Carmen / Ruíz-Hornillos, Javier / Pérez-Jorge, Concepción / Domingo, Esteban / Perales, Celia

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2022  Volume 132, Issue 9

    Abstract: Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population is defined by distributions of mutants that are present at different frequencies within the infected host and can be detected by ultra-deep sequencing techniques. In this study, we examined the SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population is defined by distributions of mutants that are present at different frequencies within the infected host and can be detected by ultra-deep sequencing techniques. In this study, we examined the SARS-CoV-2 mutant spectra of amplicons from the spike-coding (S-coding) region of 5 nasopharyngeal isolates derived from patients with vaccine breakthrough. Interestingly, all patients became infected with the Alpha variant, but amino acid substitutions that correspond to the Delta Plus, Iota, and Omicron variants were present in the mutant spectra of the resident virus. Deep sequencing analysis of SARS-CoV-2 from patients with vaccine breakthrough revealed a rich reservoir of mutant types and may also identify tolerated substitutions that can be represented in epidemiologically dominant variants.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI157700
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  8. Article ; Online: Evaluation of the use of sonication of retrieved implants for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection in a routine setting.

    Prieto-Borja, Laura / Auñón, Álvaro / Blanco, Antonio / Fernández-Roblas, Ricardo / Gadea, Ignacio / García-Cañete, Joaquín / Parrón, Raúl / Esteban, Jaime

    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology

    2017  Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 715–722

    Abstract: In order to evaluate the usefulness of sonication of retrieved implants for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in a large group of patients in a routine setting, we designed a 3-year retrospective study. Patients were classified into two ... ...

    Abstract In order to evaluate the usefulness of sonication of retrieved implants for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in a large group of patients in a routine setting, we designed a 3-year retrospective study. Patients were classified into two groups: those meeting the clinical criteria of PJI and those that did not (control group). Two hundred patients and 276 samples were included. The types of infection were early (n = 44), delayed (n = 53), positive intraoperative cultures (n = 13) and late-acute (n = 8). The culture sensitivities of sonicate fluid, periprosthetic tissue, synovial fluid and combination of periprosthetic tissue and/or synovial fluid were 69.5, 52.8, 54.8 and 60.2%, respectively. The specificities were 97.6, 90.3, 93.0 and 89.9%, respectively. Sonicate fluid culture of implants was more sensitive than peri-implant tissue, synovial fluid and combination of periprosthetic tissue and/or synovial fluid for all infection types, though it was especially useful in delayed infection: 91.3% vs. 60.0% (p = 0.0015), 63.2% (p = 0.0005) and 66.7% (p = 0.0001), respectively. When sonicate fluid culture of implants was performed in addition to conventional cultures, the sensitivity increased significantly in total (from 60.2 to 77.1%) and delayed PJI (from 45.1 to 71.7%). On the other hand, for early PJI, sonicate fluid culture of prosthesis was not superior to conventional diagnostic methods.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteriological Techniques/methods ; Bacteriological Techniques/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis/microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sonication/methods ; Synovial Fluid/microbiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603155-9
    ISSN 1435-4373 ; 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
    ISSN (online) 1435-4373
    ISSN 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
    DOI 10.1007/s10096-017-3164-8
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  9. Article: Disminución del nivel de conciencia, fiebre y disnea en una paciente infectada con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.

    Muñoz-Egea, María Del Carmen / Cabello-Úbeda, Alfonso / Fernández-Roblas, Ricardo / Gadea, Ignacio

    Revista Argentina de microbiologia

    2014  Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 271–272

    Title translation Decreased level of consciousness, fever, and dyspnea in an HIV-infected patient.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; Bacteremia/complications ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/parasitology ; Coinfection ; Consciousness Disorders/etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Facial Paralysis/etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever/etiology ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/diagnosis ; Klebsiella Infections/complications ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/complications ; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis ; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology ; Meningitis, Bacterial/complications ; Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Paresis/etiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/etiology ; Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification ; Strongyloidiasis/complications ; Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis ; Strongyloidiasis/parasitology ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2014-07
    Publishing country Argentina
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 731952-6
    ISSN 0325-7541
    ISSN 0325-7541
    DOI 10.1016/S0325-7541(14)70082-3
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  10. Article ; Online: COVID-19 in people living with HIV: A multicenter case-series study.

    Cabello, Alfonso / Zamarro, Belén / Nistal, Sara / Victor, Virginia / Hernández, Jana / Prieto-Pérez, Laura / Carrillo, Irene / Álvarez, Beatriz / Fernández-Roblas, Ricardo / Hernández-Segurado, Marta / Becares, Javier / Benito, José Miguel / Rallón, Norma / Téllez, Raquel / Castaño, Ángel Luis / Herrero, Antonio / Górgolas, Miguel

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2020  Volume 102, Page(s) 310–315

    Abstract: Objectives: Information on how COVID-19 affects people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains scarce.: Methods: An observational study was conducted in four public hospitals in Madrid. All HIV patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 were included and ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Information on how COVID-19 affects people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains scarce.
    Methods: An observational study was conducted in four public hospitals in Madrid. All HIV patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 were included and compared with COVID-19 patients without HIV infection.
    Results: Sixty-three patients with HIV infection and confirmed or suspected COVID-19 were analyzed. The median age was 46 years (IQR: 37-56 years), and 88.9% were men. The median duration of HIV infection was 10.8 years (IQR: 6.5-16.8 years), and 96.8% were on antiretroviral therapy. 84.1% had previous comorbidities. The most common symptoms were fever (66.1%), cough (66.1%) and dyspnea (46.8%). Pneumonia was found in 47.5%, 28.6% of patients had severe disease, and 32.3% were admitted to hospital. The ICU admission rate and the mortality rate were both 3.17%. A significant association was observed between age, arterial hypertension, overweight, and diabetes mellitus and the severity of COVID-19. No association was observed between HIV-related factors and the severity of COVID-19. The rate of COVID-19 in HIV-patients was 1.68%. Similar hospitalization (31.74% vs 32.57%) and ICU admission (3.17% vs 2%) rates were observed with non-HIV infected patients. A lower mortality rate during hospitalization (10% vs 21.37%) and a lower global mortality rate (3.17% vs 6.96%) were also observed.
    Conclusions: Established poor prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients, such as age and comorbidities, remain the main determinants for PLHIV. Neither the HIV severity nor the type of ARV treatment seem to influence the outcome of COVID-19. Large prospective cohorts are needed in order to establish the differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/therapy ; Comorbidity ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/mortality ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-27
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.060
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