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  1. Article ; Online: Pattern electroretinography response in amblyopic adults.

    Fernandes, Andresa / Pinto, Nuno / Tuna, Ana Rita / Brardo, Francisco Miguel / Pato, Maria Vaz

    International ophthalmology

    2024  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 86

    Abstract: Introduction: Amblyopia is generally a unilateral disorder, defined by at least a difference of two lines of visual acuity between both eyes with the best-corrected visual acuity, a decrease in contrast sensitivity, and a decrease in stereopsis. Pattern ...

    Abstract Introduction: Amblyopia is generally a unilateral disorder, defined by at least a difference of two lines of visual acuity between both eyes with the best-corrected visual acuity, a decrease in contrast sensitivity, and a decrease in stereopsis. Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) is a noninvasive technique that provides a retinal biopotential and is a highly sensitive indicator of changes in the macular area. Our aim was to evaluate if there are differences in the retinal response of an amblyopic eye compared with a normal eye (NE).
    Methods: We evaluated twenty-four adult volunteers, twelve amblyopes (mean 43.42 ± 12.72 years old), and twelve subjects with NE (mean 35.58 ± 12.85 years old). None of the subjects in the two groups had comorbidities. A complete optometric examination was performed including parameters such as visual acuity (VA) by far and near with ETDRS chart, eye alignment with cover test, and evaluation of retinal cells response with PERG.
    Results: The refractive error found in the NE group of subjects had a mean of - 0.95 ± 1.65D, while the amblyopic group showed a mean of - 2.03 ± 4.29D. The VA in amblyopic eyes had a mean of 0.38 ± 0.20 logMAR. Analyzing PERG data, we observed significant differences in the P50-N95 amplitudes of the amblyopic group compared with the NE group (p < 0.0001-amblyopic eye vs. NE; p = 0.039-fellow eye vs. NE).
    Discussion: These findings suggest that amblyopic patients may also present other impairments beyond the visual cortex. PERGs seem to be an important complementary examination in the diagnosis of other impairments in amblyopia.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Amblyopia/diagnosis ; Electroretinography ; Visual Acuity ; Retina/diagnostic imaging ; Refractive Errors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800087-6
    ISSN 1573-2630 ; 0165-5701
    ISSN (online) 1573-2630
    ISSN 0165-5701
    DOI 10.1007/s10792-024-03042-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1479: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: Longstanding effects of continuous theta burst stimulation in adult amblyopes.

    Tuna, Ana Rita / Pinto, Nuno / Fernandes, Andresa / Brardo, Francisco Miguel / Vaz Pato, Maria

    Clinical & experimental optometry

    2023  Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 457–464

    Abstract: Clinical relevance: Continuous theta burst stimulation may be an important tool in the therapeutic management of amblyopia, when trying to correct the established neuronal imbalance. It is important to understand whether two sessions of continuous theta ...

    Abstract Clinical relevance: Continuous theta burst stimulation may be an important tool in the therapeutic management of amblyopia, when trying to correct the established neuronal imbalance. It is important to understand whether two sessions of continuous theta burst stimulation produce greater and longstanding changes in visual acuity and suppressive imbalance than one session of continuous theta burst stimulation.
    Background: We hypothesise that through the usage of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) it is possible to change cortical excitability in a situation where visual impairment is present.
    Methods: We selected 22 adult amblyopes, 18 females and 4 males, with an age range of 20-59 years. They were randomised into two groups: group A with 10 amblyopes was submitted to one session of cTBS and group B with 12 amblyopes submitted to two sessions of cTBS. Visual acuity (VA) and suppressive imbalance (SI) were evaluated immediately before and after stimulation in both groups A and B. A follow-up was done in both groups.
    Results: For both group A and B, the VA improvements were significant after cTBS (
    Conclusion: We conclude that two sessions of cTBS do not produce better results than one session of stimulation. However, it seems that two sessions of cTBS produce longstanding effects in VA and SI.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Visual Acuity/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Amblyopia/therapy ; Amblyopia/physiopathology ; Theta Rhythm/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiopathology ; Follow-Up Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 639275-1
    ISSN 1444-0938 ; 0816-4622
    ISSN (online) 1444-0938
    ISSN 0816-4622
    DOI 10.1080/08164622.2023.2228989
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 3168: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Theta burst stimulation in adults with symmetric and asymmetric visual acuity.

    Tuna, Ana Rita / Pinto, Nuno / Fernandes, Andresa / Brardo, Francisco Miguel / Pato, Maria Vaz

    International ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 9, Page(s) 2785–2799

    Abstract: Purpose: Theta Burst Stimulation can influence adult neuro-visual response in imbalanced visual pathways, possibly by influencing cortical excitability. Our objective was to compare suppressive imbalance (SI) and visual acuity (VA) after applying ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Theta Burst Stimulation can influence adult neuro-visual response in imbalanced visual pathways, possibly by influencing cortical excitability. Our objective was to compare suppressive imbalance (SI) and visual acuity (VA) after applying repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation between groups of subjects with normal binocular vision, visual asymmetry, and amblyopia.
    Methods: Thirty-five volunteers between 19 and 51 years of age were split into three groups: 6 volunteers with asymmetric VA (group A); 19 amblyopes (group B); and 10 subjects with normal binocular vision (group C). VA and SI of all groups were evaluated before and after a single session of continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) or placebo stimulation over the right occipital cortex.
    Results: In both groups A and B, we found a significant VA improvement in the non-dominant eye after cTBS (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). In SI evaluation, group A and group B also revealed a significant improvement after the cTBS session (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Finally, in the group of volunteers with normal binocular vision and for placebo groups A and B, there were no significant differences in VA and SI after cTBS.
    Conclusions: Amblyopic and visually asymmetric individuals improved VA and SI of the non-dominant eye after cTBS when compared to baseline and to placebo stimulation. These enhancements were not found in the group of volunteers with normal binocular vision. We can therefore reasonably assume that cTBS may interfere with the visual system of subjects that present some kind of asymmetry, possibly by improving neuronal imbalances.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Amblyopia ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Vision, Binocular ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800087-6
    ISSN 1573-2630 ; 0165-5701
    ISSN (online) 1573-2630
    ISSN 0165-5701
    DOI 10.1007/s10792-022-02269-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1479: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: Can pattern electroretinography be a relevant diagnostic aid in amblyopia? - A systematic review.

    Fernandes, Andresa / Pinto, Nuno / Tuna, Ana Rita / Brardo, Francisco Miguel / Vaz Pato, Maria

    Seminars in ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 593–601

    Abstract: Introduction: Pattern Electroretinography (PERG) is a highly sensitive electrophysiological technique used as an indicator of changes in retinal macular area. Amblyopia seems to result from a cortical visual imbalance but changes at the retinal level ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Pattern Electroretinography (PERG) is a highly sensitive electrophysiological technique used as an indicator of changes in retinal macular area. Amblyopia seems to result from a cortical visual imbalance but changes at the retinal level may also be present. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate if there are any consistent changes described in the scientific literature in PERG responses of amblyopic eyes.
    Materials and methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase databases, using the keywords "Electroretinography" and "Amblyopia", combined with MeSH or Emtree terms "Pattern Electroretinography", "amblyopia", "PERG" and "amblyopia". PERG P50-N95 amplitude and P50 latency were analysed as well as the methodology used.
    Results: A total of 234 articles were found and 6 articles were included for review. One of the articles reported results in adults and five of them in children. One of the articles in children reported no changes in either P50-N95 amplitude or P50 latency. All articles that described differences between the amblyopic eye and the normal eye found a decrease in P50-N95 amplitude and/or a delay in P50 latency.
    Conclusions: This review shows promising findings for the use of PERG in amblyopia as an aid in the diagnostic protocol, since this technique may be able to detect an apparent functional impairment of the amblyopic eye.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Amblyopia/diagnosis ; Child ; Electroretinography/methods ; Humans ; Retina
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 632820-9
    ISSN 1744-5205 ; 0882-0538
    ISSN (online) 1744-5205
    ISSN 0882-0538
    DOI 10.1080/08820538.2022.2069471
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2153: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Adults With Amblyopia.

    Tuna, Ana Rita / Pinto, Nuno / Brardo, Francisco Miguel / Fernandes, Andresa / Nunes, Amélia Fernandes / Pato, Maria Vaz

    Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

    2019  Volume 40, Issue 2, Page(s) 185–192

    Abstract: Background: Through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) it is possible to change cortical excitability of the visual cortex, and to influence binocular balance. The main goal of our study is to assess the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation, ...

    Abstract Background: Through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) it is possible to change cortical excitability of the visual cortex, and to influence binocular balance. The main goal of our study is to assess the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation, specifically theta burst stimulation (TBS), in a group of amblyopic volunteers measuring several visual parameters: visual acuity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity.
    Methods: Thirteen volunteers aged 19 to 24 years, randomly split in 2 groups, underwent 1 session of continuous TBS, stimulating the right occipital lobe. The first group with 8 volunteers was exposed to active stimulation with cTBS, and the other group with 5 volunteers was exposed to placebo stimulation.
    Results: Significant improvements in visual acuity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity were found in the amblyopic eye after cTBS. The average value of amblyopia in visual acuity before stimulation was 0.32 ± 0.20 logMar and after cTBS was 0.19 ± 0.17 logMar. The mean value for the control group before placebo stimulation was 0.28 ± 0.17 and after placebo stimulation was 0.28 ± 0.16. The suppressive imbalance in the group of amblyope subjects stimulated before cTBS was 0.26 ± 0.18 and after was 0.12 ± 0.12; the suppressive imbalance of the control group before the placebo stimulation was 0.34 ± 0.37 and after was 0.32 ± 0.40.
    Conclusions: Visual acuity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity had significant enhancements compared with baseline after cTBS over the right occipital lobe in an ambliopic population.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Amblyopia/physiopathology ; Amblyopia/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Cortex/physiopathology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 1189901-3
    ISSN 1536-5166 ; 1070-8022
    ISSN (online) 1536-5166
    ISSN 1070-8022
    DOI 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000828
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1670: Show issues Location:
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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