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Book: The ECT handbook

Ferrier, I. Nicol / Waite, Jonathan

(Cambridge medicine)

2019

Author's details	edited by I. Nicol Ferrier, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Jonathan Waite, University of Nottingham
Series title	Cambridge medicine
Keywords	Electroconvulsive therapy / Handbooks, manuals, etc
Language	English
Size	xi, 279 Seiten, Illustrationen
Edition	Fourth edition
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Publishing place	Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT020192062
ISBN	978-1-911623-16-8 ; 1-911623-16-8
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article ; Online: A UK clinical audit addressing the quality of prescribing of sodium valproate for bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age.

Paton, Carol / Cookson, John / Ferrier, I Nicol / Bhatti, Sumera / Fagan, Elizabeth / Barnes, Thomas R E

BMJ open

2018 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) e020450

Abstract: Objectives: To review prescribing practice concerning valproate, an established human teratogen, for the management of bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age.: Design: The Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health conducted a baseline clinical ...

Abstract	Objectives: To review prescribing practice concerning valproate, an established human teratogen, for the management of bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. Design: The Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health conducted a baseline clinical audit in the UK, as part of a quality improvement programme. Participants: Six hundred and forty-eight clinical teams from 55 mental health Trusts submitted retrospective treatment data relating to patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Results: Of the audit sample of 6705 patients, 3854 were 50 years of age or younger. Valproate was prescribed for 24% of women and 43% men in this age group, and the mean dose of valproate was lower in women (1196 mg) than in men (1391 mg). For only half of such women was there documented evidence that information had been provided on the risks for the unborn child and the need for adequate contraception. Valproate was more often used in men to treat mania and aggression, while the most common treatment targets in women were hypomania and relapse prevention. Conclusions: Despite explicit recommendations in national treatment guidelines and published safety alerts and warnings regarding the use of valproate in women of childbearing age, current prescribing of this medication to such women in the context of the treatment of bipolar disorder falls short of best practice, particularly with regard to provision of information regarding the risks associated with exposure to valproate during pregnancy. While women younger than 50 years of age were less likely to be prescribed valproate than men in the same age group, and at a lower dosage, it is unclear to what extent this reflects clinicians' concerns about teratogenicity or is driven by perceptions of the indication for valproate, and the dosage required, for the treatment of different phases of the disorder in men and women.
MeSH term(s)	Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Antimanic Agents/adverse effects ; Antimanic Agents/therapeutic use ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy ; Clinical Audit ; Congenital Abnormalities/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Pregnancy ; Quality Improvement ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratogens ; United Kingdom ; Valproic Acid/adverse effects ; Valproic Acid/therapeutic use ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antimanic Agents ; Teratogens ; Valproic Acid (614OI1Z5WI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020450
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Article ; Online: The effect of self-monitoring on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a pilot study.

Robinson, Lucy J / Gray, John M / Ferrier, I Nicol / Gallagher, Peter

Cognitive neuropsychiatry

2016 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 256–270

Abstract: Objectives: Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show executive impairment. Assisting cognitive function with non-pharmacological strategies has not been widely explored in BD. In schizophrenia, concomitant verbalisation (self-monitoring) during ...

Abstract	Objectives: Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show executive impairment. Assisting cognitive function with non-pharmacological strategies has not been widely explored in BD. In schizophrenia, concomitant verbalisation (self-monitoring) during executive tests improved performance. The present pilot study assesses the effects of self-monitoring whilst completing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in BD patients. Methods: Thirty-six euthymic BD patients and 42 healthy controls participated. Twenty patients with BD and 20 controls received standard administration and 16 patients and 22 controls used self-monitoring during the test. Results: ANCOVA revealed a significant "group by administration" interaction. Patients who received the standard administration were significantly worse than healthy controls (trials administered: p = .012, η p (2) = 0.17; trials to first category: p = .046, η p (2) = 0.11; failure to maintain set: p = .003, η p (2) = 0.23). BD patients who self-monitored performed significantly better than patients receiving the standard administration (trials to first category: p = .020, η p (2) = 0.17) and showed no significant differences in performance compared to controls. Conclusion: Self-monitoring deserves further investigation as a tool that may be helpful for patients with BD. Further exploration of the utility, generalisability, and stability of the effects of self-monitoring is needed.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Bipolar Disorder/psychology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cognition Disorders/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Pilot Projects ; Self Concept ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028330-1
ISSN	1464-0619 ; 1354-6805
ISSN (online)	1464-0619
ISSN	1354-6805
DOI	10.1080/13546805.2016.1184134
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Article ; Online: Automatic processing of emotional stimuli in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

Redhead, Anthony / Jordan, Gabriele / Ferrier, I Nicol / Meyer, Thomas D

Journal of affective disorders

2016 Volume 203, Page(s) 339–346

Abstract: Background: Biased information processing styles are a core feature of cognitive models of unipolar depression (UD). The manic-defence hypothesis (MDH) posits that UD and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are subject partially to the same underlying cognitive ... ...

Abstract	Background: Biased information processing styles are a core feature of cognitive models of unipolar depression (UD). The manic-defence hypothesis (MDH) posits that UD and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are subject partially to the same underlying cognitive processes, which may act as putative vulnerability factors. Previous studies have used experimental paradigms as a way of measuring automatic (non-intentional) processing of emotional information in order to test the MDH with some studies providing some evidence for a negatively biased automatic processing of emotionally-relevant information in BD. However, most prior studies used supraliminal stimuli (i.e. presented above perceptual threshold). Based on the MDH we predicted that subliminally presented negative stimuli will affect performance of patients with BD differently than non-clinical participants, but similarly to what has been observed in prior studies with currently depressed patients. Methods: The current study used an affective priming paradigm with both supraliminally and subliminally presented emotional images as primes to measure automatic processing. Seventeen euthymic individuals with a BD diagnosis were recruited along with seventeen non-clinical control participants (NCC) matched for age and gender. Results: We found interference (increased response times) due to masked, subliminally presented negative primes in patients with BD when negative prime images were followed by negative targets, but decreased response times (facilitation) in NCCs. Limitations: We did not include a psychiatric control group and the sample size was small. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that euthymic patients with BD do exhibit an affective bias suggesting an increased sensitivity to negative emotional information even when euthymic.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bipolar Disorder/psychology ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reaction Time/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.021
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Article: Deictic and Propositional Meaning-New Perspectives on Language in Schizophrenia.

Zimmerer, Vitor C / Watson, Stuart / Turkington, Douglas / Ferrier, I Nicol / Hinzen, Wolfram

Frontiers in psychiatry

2017 Volume 8, Page(s) 17

Abstract: Emerging linguistic evidence points at disordered language behavior as a defining characteristic of schizophrenia. In this article, we review this literature and demonstrate how a framework focusing on two core functions of language-reference and ... ...

Abstract	Emerging linguistic evidence points at disordered language behavior as a defining characteristic of schizophrenia. In this article, we review this literature and demonstrate how a framework focusing on two core functions of language-reference and propositional meaning-can conceptualize schizophrenic symptoms, identify important variables for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment, and inform cognitive behavioral therapy and other remedial approaches. We introduce the linguistic phenomena of deictic anchoring and propositional complexity, explain how they relate to schizophrenic symptoms, and show how they can be tracked in language behavior.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00017
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Article ; Online: The impact and measurement of social dysfunction in late-life depression: an evaluation of current methods with a focus on wearable technology.

Hodgetts, Sophie / Gallagher, Peter / Stow, Daniel / Ferrier, I Nicol / O'Brien, John T

International journal of geriatric psychiatry

2016 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 247–255

Abstract: Objective: Depression is known to negatively impact social functioning, with patients commonly reporting difficulties maintaining social relationships. Moreover, a large body of evidence suggests poor social functioning is not only present in depression ...

Abstract	Objective: Depression is known to negatively impact social functioning, with patients commonly reporting difficulties maintaining social relationships. Moreover, a large body of evidence suggests poor social functioning is not only present in depression but that social functioning is an important factor in illness course and outcome. In addition, good social relationships can play a protective role against the onset of depressive symptoms, particularly in late-life depression. However, the majority of research in this area has employed self-report measures of social function. This approach is problematic, as due to their reliance on memory, such measures are prone to error from the neurocognitive impairments of depression, as well as mood-congruent biases. Method: Narrative review based on searches of the Web of Science and PubMed database(s) from the start of the databases, until the end of 2015. Results: The present review provides an overview of the literature on social functioning in (late-life) depression and discusses the potential for new technologies to improve the measurement of social function in depressed older adults. In particular, the use of wearable technology to collect direct, objective measures of social activity, such as physical activity and speech, is considered. Conclusion: In order to develop a greater understanding of social functioning in late-life depression, future research should include the development and validation of more direct, objective measures in conjunction with subjective self-report measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MeSH term(s)	Affect ; Aged ; Depression/psychology ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Social Adjustment ; Social Behavior ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	806736-3
ISSN	1099-1166 ; 0885-6230
ISSN (online)	1099-1166
ISSN	0885-6230
DOI	10.1002/gps.4632
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Article ; Online: Deep learning-based automated speech detection as a marker of social functioning in late-life depression.

Little, Bethany / Alshabrawy, Ossama / Stow, Daniel / Ferrier, I Nicol / McNaney, Roisin / Jackson, Daniel G / Ladha, Karim / Ladha, Cassim / Ploetz, Thomas / Bacardit, Jaume / Olivier, Patrick / Gallagher, Peter / O'Brien, John T

Psychological medicine

2020 Volume 51, Issue 9, Page(s) 1441–1450

Abstract: Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with poor social functioning. However, previous research uses bias-prone self-report scales to measure social functioning and a more objective measure is lacking. We tested a novel wearable device to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with poor social functioning. However, previous research uses bias-prone self-report scales to measure social functioning and a more objective measure is lacking. We tested a novel wearable device to measure speech that participants encounter as an indicator of social interaction. Methods: Twenty nine participants with LLD and 29 age-matched controls wore a wrist-worn device continuously for seven days, which recorded their acoustic environment. Acoustic data were automatically analysed using deep learning models that had been developed and validated on an independent speech dataset. Total speech activity and the proportion of speech produced by the device wearer were both detected whilst maintaining participants' privacy. Participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery and clinical and self-report scales to measure severity of depression, general and social functioning. Results: Compared to controls, participants with LLD showed poorer self-reported social and general functioning. Total speech activity was much lower for participants with LLD than controls, with no overlap between groups. The proportion of speech produced by the participants was smaller for LLD than controls. In LLD, both speech measures correlated with attention and psychomotor speed performance but not with depression severity or self-reported social functioning. Conclusions: Using this device, LLD was associated with lower levels of speech than controls and speech activity was related to psychomotor retardation. We have demonstrated that speech activity measured by wearable technology differentiated LLD from controls with high precision and, in this study, provided an objective measure of an aspect of real-world social functioning in LLD.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/psychology ; Attention ; Case-Control Studies ; Deep Learning ; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Social Adjustment ; Social Interaction ; Speech ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291719003994
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Article: Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross-sectional evidence.

Robinson, Lucy J / Ferrier, I Nicol

Bipolar disorders

2006 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 103–116

Abstract: Objectives: The notion that sufferers of bipolar disorder achieve complete syndromal and functional recovery between illness episodes has been brought into question by evidence that a large proportion of patients fail to regain premorbid levels of ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The notion that sufferers of bipolar disorder achieve complete syndromal and functional recovery between illness episodes has been brought into question by evidence that a large proportion of patients fail to regain premorbid levels of functioning after the resolution of major affective symptoms. A growing body of evidence suggests that bipolar patients exhibit neuropsychological impairment that persists even during the euthymic state, which may be a contributory factor to poor psychosocial outcome. However, the aetiology of such impairment and its relation to progression of illness are not well understood. This review aims to consider evidence from studies investigating both the relationship between cognitive impairment and clinical outcome and studies of neurocognitive function in unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) of bipolar sufferers to address issues of the temporal evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Methods: Systematic literature review. Results: The weight of evidence suggests that greater neuropsychological dysfunction in bipolar disorder is associated with a worse prior course of illness, particularly the number of manic episodes, hospitalizations and length of illness. The most consistent finding was a negative relationship between the number of manic episodes and verbal declarative memory performance. Impairment in unaffected FDRs was reported in verbal declarative memory and some facets of executive function. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment may be a trait vulnerability factor for bipolar disorder that is present before illness onset and worsens as the illness progresses. Further investigation into the causal relationship between cognitive impairment and illness course is essential.
MeSH term(s)	Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology ; Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology ; Bipolar Disorder/psychology ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-04
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
ZDB-ID	1472242-2
ISSN	1399-5618 ; 1398-5647
ISSN (online)	1399-5618
ISSN	1398-5647
DOI	10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00277.x
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Article ; Online: WITHDRAWN: Antiglucocorticoid treatments for mood disorders.

Gallagher, Peter / Malik, Navdeep / Newham, James / Young, Allan H / Ferrier, I Nicol / Mackin, Paul

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

2015 , Issue 6, Page(s) CD005168

MeSH term(s)	Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy ; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy ; Glucocorticoids/antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Mood Disorders/drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
ISSN	1469-493X
ISSN (online)	1469-493X
DOI	10.1002/14651858.CD005168.pub3
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Article ; Online: Processing of Facial Emotion in Bipolar Depression and Euthymia.

Robinson, Lucy J / Gray, John M / Burt, Mike / Ferrier, I Nicol / Gallagher, Peter

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

2015 Volume 21, Issue 9, Page(s) 709–721

Abstract: Previous studies of facial emotion processing in bipolar disorder (BD) have reported conflicting findings. In independently conducted studies, we investigate facial emotion labeling in euthymic and depressed BD patients using tasks with static and ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies of facial emotion processing in bipolar disorder (BD) have reported conflicting findings. In independently conducted studies, we investigate facial emotion labeling in euthymic and depressed BD patients using tasks with static and dynamically morphed images of different emotions displayed at different intensities. Study 1 included 38 euthymic BD patients and 28 controls. Participants completed two tasks: labeling of static images of basic facial emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad) shown at different expression intensities; the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001), which involves recognition of complex emotions using only the eye region of the face. Study 2 included 53 depressed BD patients and 47 controls. Participants completed two tasks: labeling of "dynamic" facial expressions of the same five basic emotions; the Emotional Hexagon test (Young, Perret, Calder, Sprengelmeyer, & Ekman, 2002). There were no significant group differences on any measures of emotion perception/labeling, compared to controls. A significant group by intensity interaction was observed in both emotion labeling tasks (euthymia and depression), although this effect did not survive the addition of measures of executive function/psychomotor speed as covariates. Only 2.6-15.8% of euthymic patients and 7.8-13.7% of depressed patients scored below the 10th percentile of the controls for total emotion recognition accuracy. There was no evidence of specific deficits in facial emotion labeling in euthymic or depressed BD patients. Methodological variations-including mood state, sample size, and the cognitive demands of the tasks-may contribute significantly to the variability in findings between studies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bipolar Disorder/psychology ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression/psychology ; Emotions ; Executive Function ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychomotor Performance
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1230632-0
ISSN	1469-7661 ; 1355-6177
ISSN (online)	1469-7661
ISSN	1355-6177
DOI	10.1017/S1355617715000909
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