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  1. Article ; Online: Cassava in sub-Saharan Africa

    Legg, James P. / Kumar, P. Lava / Fiaboe, K.

    2023  

    Keywords food security ; cassava ; plant diseases ; plant health ; sub-saharan africa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-25T09:22:38Z
    Publisher International Society of Plant Pathology
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Assessment of effectiveness of maize seed treated with cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam for management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

    Chinwada, P. / Fiaboe, K. / Akem, C. / Dixon, A. / Chikoye, D.

    Crop Protection

    2023  

    Abstract: Open Access Article ... The effectiveness of maize seed treatments for management of fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) was evaluated under natural infestation conditions in Zambia in 2019, 2020 and 2022. Two seed treatments were tested: ... ...

    Abstract Open Access Article

    The effectiveness of maize seed treatments for management of fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) was evaluated under natural infestation conditions in Zambia in 2019, 2020 and 2022. Two seed treatments were tested: cyantraniliprole (Fortenza® 600 FS) + thiamethoxam (Cruiser® 600 FS) (combination marketed as Fortenza® Duo) and Fortenza® 600 FS. Other treatments included each of the two seed treatments supplemented with threshold-based rotational sprays of Denim Fit® 50 WG (emamectin benzoate + lufenuron) and Ampligo® (chlorantraniliprole + lambda cyhalothrin), Denim Fit/Ampligo alone, untreated controls, Ecoterex® 0.5% GR (deltamethrin + pirimiphos methyl) and Mythic® FN SC (chlorantraniliprole). The incidence of FAW-infested plants and plant damage scores were recorded weekly for 4–5 weeks post-emergence. At harvest, grain yield, yield increase over untreated control and cost-benefit ratios were also determined. Although there were some seasonal variations in treatment effectiveness, plots established from Fortenza Duo-treated seed generally had significantly lower plant damage within the first 3–5 weeks of growth. The number of follow-on insecticide sprays were reduced from 2 to 1 in February 2022 plantings in plots established from Fortenza Duo-treated seed. Grain yields were highest in the Denim Fit/Ampligo plots (December 2021 plantings) and Fortenza Duo + Denim Fit/Ampligo plots (December 2021 and February 2022 plantings). In both plantings of the 2021-22 season, mean yield increase over untreated control was highest in Fortenza Duo + Denim Fit/Ampligo plots. Cost-benefit ratios were, however, highest where Fortenza Duo-treated seed was planted without any follow-on chemical sprays and lowest and negative in sole Fortenza plots. Due to method of application and systemic action, Fortenza Duo maize seed treatments may be a perfect fit in FAW integrated pest management (IPM) programs where there is need for judicious pesticide use.
    Keywords maize ; seed treatment ; cyantraniliprole ; thiamethoxam ; integrated pest management
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23T12:57:21Z
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Complexities of sustainable palm oil production by smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa

    Ayompe, L.M. / Egoh, B.N. / Nkongho, R.N. / Wandum, L.M. / Orang, B.O. / Fiaboe, K. / Tambasi, E.E. / Kettunen, M.

    Sustainable Development

    2023  

    Abstract: Open Access Article ... Sub-Saharan Africa is increasingly viewed as an important area for oil palm cultivation and expansion. Palm oil is a commodity that can help developing countries like Cameroon attain their sustainable development goals (SDGs) ... ...

    Abstract Open Access Article

    Sub-Saharan Africa is increasingly viewed as an important area for oil palm cultivation and expansion. Palm oil is a commodity that can help developing countries like Cameroon attain their sustainable development goals (SDGs) targets through poverty alleviation (SDG 1) and by providing revenue to smallholder farmers to buy a variety of food thereby reducing hunger. However, due to the many negative environmental and social consequences, the sector needs to be made more sustainable. In this study, we set out to unpack the complexities including costs and benefits for smallholder farmers to practice sustainable palm oil production. We use both gray and peer-reviewed literature, conversational interviews with smallholder farmers and managers of certified palm oil mills, and a workshop with smallholders in Cameroon. We found that smallholders face several challenges including weak land tenure rights, the use of poor-quality seeds and low-yielding oil palms, and a lack of skills, expertise, and access to financing. Certification could help alleviate some of the challenges by providing access to financing, training to improve yields, access to better seedlings, and increased access to higher value markets. However, the certification cost is very high compared to the income from oil palm cultivation for most farmers. Farmers will therefore need considerable assistance from organizations and brokers to remain financially viable. Our study provides important insights to countries such as the EU, United Kingdom, and United States that are in the process of adopting legislation to regulate deforestation associated with imports of key commodities such as palm oil.
    Keywords deforestation ; ecosystems ; conservation ; oil palms ; smallholders ; sustainability
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25T09:16:40Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: A global assessment of the state of plant health

    Ortega-Beltran, A. / Kumar, P.L. / Menkir, A. / Bandyopadhyay, R. / Mahuku, G. / Legg, J. / Fiaboe, K. / Tripathi, L.

    Plant Disease

    2023  

    Abstract: Open Access Article ... The Global Plant Health Assessment (GPHA) is a collective, volunteer-based effort to assemble expert opinions on plant health and disease impacts on ecosystem services based on published scientific evidence. The GPHA considers a ... ...

    Abstract Open Access Article

    The Global Plant Health Assessment (GPHA) is a collective, volunteer-based effort to assemble expert opinions on plant health and disease impacts on ecosystem services based on published scientific evidence. The GPHA considers a range of forest, agricultural, and urban systems worldwide. These are referred to as [Ecoregion × Plant System], i.e., selected case examples involving keystone plants in given parts of the world. The GPHA focuses on infectious plant diseases and plant pathogens, but encompasses the abiotic (e.g., temperature, drought, and floods) and other biotic (e.g., animal pests, and humans) factors associated with plant health. Among the 33 [Ecoregion × Plant System] considered, 18 are assessed as in fair or poor health, and 20 as in declining health. Much of the observed state of plant health and its trends are driven by a combination of forces, including climate change, species invasions, and human management. Healthy plants ensure (1) provisioning (food, fiber, and material), (2) regulation (climate, atmosphere, water, and soils), and (3) cultural (re-creation, inspiration, and spiritual) ecosystem services. All these roles that plants play are threatened by plant diseases. Nearly none of these three ecosystem services are assessed as improving. Results indicate that the poor state of plant health in sub-Saharan Africa gravely contributes to food insecurity and environmental degradation. Results further call for the need to improve crop health to ensure food security in the most populated parts of the world, such as in South Asia, where the poorest of the poor, the landless farmers, are at greatest risk. The overview of results generated from this work enables identifying directions for future research to be championed by a new generation of scientists and revived public extension services. Breakthrough from science is needed to (i) gather more data on plant health and its consequences, (ii) identify collective actions to manage plant systems, (iii) exploit the phytobiome ...
    Keywords plant diseases ; food security ; climate change ; population ; biodiversity ; sustainability
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23T10:55:47Z
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Investigation of amaranth production constraints and pest infestation reduction by basil intercropping

    Azandémè-Hounmalon, G.Y. / Logbo, J. / Dassou, A.G. / Lokossi, L. / Akpla, E. / Fiaboe, K. / Tamo, M.

    Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

    2023  

    Abstract: Open Access Journal ... Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) is the most consumed leaf vegetable in Benin. A study carried out in south Benin have shown that the production of this vegetable is severely limited by insect pest pressure. The present study aimed ...

    Abstract Open Access Journal

    Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) is the most consumed leaf vegetable in Benin. A study carried out in south Benin have shown that the production of this vegetable is severely limited by insect pest pressure. The present study aimed to identify the major constraint limiting amaranth production in Ségbana municipality, located in the north of Benin and proposed sustainable agroecological solutions to farmers. Thus, a survey was conducted among 150 farmers in three villages of Ségbana (Lougou, Sokotindji and Piami) through well-structured questionnaires to know the major constraint limiting amaranth production. Agroecological methods for managing pests of this vegetable were offered to farmers through an experimental trial consisting of a Fisher block with four treatments and five replications conducted in Sokoundji village. The control treatment (To) consisted of amaranth in pure culture; the treatment (T1), amaranth plants surrounded by basil plants; (T2) rows of amaranth alternated with basil rows and (T3), amaranth plants alternated with basil plants in all directions. Every 5 days, 5 plants were randomly selected per treatment and the numbers of S. recurvalis and P. basalis were counted. Pest damage and yield per treatment were also assessed. Almost all farmers surveyed (100%) reported pest attacks as the major constraint limiting amaranth production. The results obtained on the abundance and the herbivory rate showed powerful negative effects (Df = 3; P < 0.0001) of the different treatments. Moreover, the treatment T2 (amaranth plants alternated with basil rows) gave the highest yield (1.25 t/ha of fresh leaves) and differed significantly from the other treatments (Df = 3; p = 0.039). The association basil – amaranth reduced the abundance of P. basalis and S. recurvalis and also improved the amaranth productivity with LER = 1.16. The association basil – amaranth is more beneficial than pure cultures because it hosts less of the insect pests studied, provides higher yields and makes ...
    Keywords yields ; pests ; productivity ; vegetables ; intercropping ; agroecology ; amaranth leaves
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25T11:51:53Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Local adaptation in thermal tolerance for a tropical butterfly across ecotone and rainforest habitats

    Dongmo, M. / Hanna, R. / Smith, T.B. / Fiaboe, K. / Fomena, A. / Bonebrake, T.C.

    Biology Open

    2021  

    Abstract: Thermal adaptation to habitat variability can determine species vulnerability to environmental change. For example, physiological tolerance to naturally low thermal variation in tropical forests species may alter their vulnerability to climate change ... ...

    Abstract Thermal adaptation to habitat variability can determine species vulnerability to environmental change. For example, physiological tolerance to naturally low thermal variation in tropical forests species may alter their vulnerability to climate change impacts, compared with open habitat species. However, the extent to which habitat-specific differences in tolerance derive from within-generation versus across-generation ecological or evolutionary processes are not well characterized. Here we studied thermal tolerance limits of a Central African butterfly (Bicyclus dorothea) across two habitats in Cameroon: a thermally stable tropical forest and the more variable ecotone between rainforest and savanna. Second generation individuals originating from the ecotone, reared under conditions common to both populations, exhibited higher upper thermal limits (CTmax) than individuals originating from forest (∼3°C greater). Lower thermal limits (CTmin) were also slightly lower for the ecotone populations (∼1°C). Our results are suggestive of local adaptation driving habitat-specific differences in thermal tolerance (especially CTmax) that hold across generations. Such habitat-specific thermal limits may be widespread for tropical ectotherms and could affect species vulnerability to environmental change. However, microclimate and within-generation developmental processes (e.g. plasticity) will mediate these differences, and determining the fitness consequences of thermal variation for ecotone and rainforest species will require continued study of both within-generation and across-generation eco-evolutionary processes.
    Keywords climate change ; domestic gardens ; ecotones ; heat tolerance ; cameroon ; butterflies ; lepidoptera
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-24T10:42:25Z
    Publisher The Company of Biologists
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Re-assessing the pest status of Tetranychus evansi (Acari

    Azandeme-Hounmalon, G.Y. / Sikirou, R. / Onzo, A. / Fiaboe, K. / Tamo, M. / Kreiter, S. / Martin, T.

    Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

    Tetranychidae) on solanaceous crops and farmers control practices in Benin

    2022  

    Abstract: This study was carried out 7 years after a first one conducted in 2013 as part of the policy of the Benin government to promote the vegetable production sector. Data collection was mostly based on a countrywide survey conducted in 25 municipalities ... ...

    Abstract This study was carried out 7 years after a first one conducted in 2013 as part of the policy of the Benin government to promote the vegetable production sector. Data collection was mostly based on a countrywide survey conducted in 25 municipalities throughout Benin, from August to December 2020. Farmers were selected based on their experience in cultivating solanaceous crops, and were interviewed to assess their perception about the severity of the spider mite Tetranychus evansi, the control method they used against this pest, and their knowledge about potential predators associated with the mites. Additionally, predatory mites associated with T. evansi in farmer fields were identified. All farmers recognized T. evansi to which they attributed local names depending on their ethnic group. They were also able to identify its damages on solanaceous crops. They indicated that outbreaks of T. evansi occurs at the end of the rainy season while their damages are more severe during the dry season. Production losses due to the mites were estimated by farmers to 27%, 24% and 22% respectively for tomato, African eggplant, pepper in the moderate damage case and 80%, 79%, 55% respectively for tomato, African eggplant and pepper in the severe damage conditions. To fight the mites, farmers generally apply heavy doses of chemical pesticides at high frequency. Pyrethroid and organophosphate compounds are the most frequently used pesticides. The only phytophagous mite recorded was T. evansi. A total of four species of predatory mites, all belonging to the phytoseiid family, were found associated with the pest on Solanaceous plants: Amblyseius swirskii, A. tamatavensis, Neoseiulus barkeri and N. longispinosus. This is the first report of the presence of N. longispinosus in Benin. Considering the high losses attributed to the pest, effective and sustainable management practices are necessary.
    Keywords tetranychidae ; predatory mites ; pesticides ; pests of plants ; benin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20T08:08:24Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: African nightshade and African spinach decrease root-knot nematode and potato cyst nematode soil infestation in Kenya

    Chitambo, O. / Haukeland, S. / Fiaboe, K.K. / Grundler, F.M.

    Plant Disease

    2022  

    Abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot nematodes (RKN: Meloidogyne spp.) and cyst nematodes (CN: Globodera and Heterodera spp.) cause severe yield reduction in most cultivated crops and are of high economic importance. African nightshade ( ... ...

    Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot nematodes (RKN: Meloidogyne spp.) and cyst nematodes (CN: Globodera and Heterodera spp.) cause severe yield reduction in most cultivated crops and are of high economic importance. African nightshade (Solanum spp.) and African spinach (Amaranthus spp.) are important African indigenous vegetables (AIV) and are rich sources of nutrition and income. However, their host status to plant-parasitic nematodes remains largely speculative. Therefore, a survey was conducted which revealed that S. villosum exhibited high root galling, whereas on S. scabrum, A. cruentus, and A. dubius root galling was rare or very low. Additionally, soil collected from the rhizosphere of S. villosum and S. scabrum contained few cysts of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), and no developing PCN females were observed on the roots of growing plants. Therefore, we studied the dynamics of RKN and PCN on A. dubius, A. cruentus, S. scabrum, and S. villosum over 2 years in a field experiment. The effects of AIV crop species on RKN and PCN soil infestation were evaluated using susceptible S. lycopersicum or S. tuberosum. After first, second, and third cultivation of A. dubius, A. cruentus, and S. scabrum, RKN infestation of the soil decreased by more than 85%, whereas S. scabrum and S. villosum decreased PCN densities by more than 80%. When cropping susceptible crops, after three seasons of successive cultivation of these AIV, galling index and number of developing PCN females measured on susceptible crops decreased by more than 75%. Wilting and RKN-PCN coinfection incidences also decreased significantly. Here, we present data that support the development of a novel cropping system including African spinach and African nightshade, which reveals a high potential to manage RKN and PCN in an environmentally friendly, effective, and productive way.
    Keywords plants ; nematodes ; meloidogyne incognita ; plant diseases ; east africa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-06T13:37:09Z
    Publisher Scientific Societies
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Potential of Cameroon-indigenous isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae as microbial control agents of the flea beetle Nisotra uniformis

    Niyibizi, I.A.B. / Hanna, R. / Kekeunou, S. / Membang, G. / Fiaboe, K. / Mahot, H.C. / Abang, A.F. / Kumar, P. Lava / Fotso Kuate, A.

    Biocontrol Science and Technology

    2023  

    Abstract: The flea beetle Nisotra uniformis Jacoby is a widespread pest of malvaceous crops for which synthetic chemical insecticides remain the principal control tool, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. With the ultimate aim of developing a microbial alternative ...

    Abstract The flea beetle Nisotra uniformis Jacoby is a widespread pest of malvaceous crops for which synthetic chemical insecticides remain the principal control tool, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. With the ultimate aim of developing a microbial alternative for N. uniformis control, we conducted laboratory experiments (25 ± 1°C; 70 - 80% RH) to evaluate the biological attributes of three Cameroonian isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (Metchnikoff) Sorokin. Spore germination rates of the isolates varied from 0.5% after 4 hrs to 100% after 24 hrs on PDA medium, with MIITAC11.3.4 spores germinating fastest. Pathogenicity tests consisted of dipping adult beetles in conidial suspensions. All isolates were pathogenic to N. uniformis, with corrected mortalities varying between 23.3 - 86.7%. BIITAC-O-2 had the lowest LC50 at 5.17 × 106 conidia/ml, while MIITAC11.3.4 and BIITAC6.2.2 had LC50 at 4.11 × 107 conidia/ml, and 2.00 × 108 conidia/ml, respectively. BIITAC6.2.2 produced the shortest time to the highest mortality rate (1.17 days) and the shortest LT50 of 1.64 days but only at the highest concentration, followed by the two highest concentrations of MIITAC11.3.4 (LT50 at 3.43 and 5.70 days). The c parameter in the Weibull model showed that BIITAC-O-2 caused the highest rate of increase in mortality (2.42) at the highest concentration, followed by MIITAC11.3.4 (1.09) and BIITAC6.2.2 (0.50). The results of our study provide the basis for including N. uniformis in the ongoing development of BIITAC6.2.2 and MIITAC11.3.4 into biopesticide while continuing with further laboratory studies on BIITAC-O-2.
    Keywords biological control ; okras ; pathogenicity ; spore germination ; cameroon
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20T09:22:58Z
    Publisher Informa UK Limited
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Reliability of pheromone trap catches and maize plant damage as criteria for timing fall armyworm control interventions in humid forest agroecology of central Africa

    Abang, A.F. / Nanga, S.N. / Ndanda, R.M.O. / Doumtsop Fotio, A.R.P. / Gonder, M.K. / Kouebou, C. / Suh, C. / Fotso Kuate, A. / Fiaboe, K. / Hanna, R.

    Journal of Economic Entomology

    2023  

    Abstract: Control of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) since its invasion of Africa still depends on pesticides. Early detection of adults is considered the key to the success of larvae control in the crop field. ... ...

    Abstract Control of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) since its invasion of Africa still depends on pesticides. Early detection of adults is considered the key to the success of larvae control in the crop field. However, FAW control thresholds based on current monitoring techniques are not well established in Africa. We investigated the efficacy of moth capture frequencies and FAW incidence levels as decision tools for FAW management. Experiments were conducted over two maize cropping seasons during which FAW incidence, severity, and larvae count were recorded during destructive sampling after the application of a homologated insecticide. During the first season, the FAW incidence ranged from 37.5 ± 5.6% in the 25% incidence threshold treatment to 48.1 ± 8.1% in the control. During the second season, the incidence was significantly lower in the 25% incidence threshold treatment (55.8 ± 5.7%) compared with the control (75.7 ± 3.0%). Over the two seasons, no significant difference in FAW damage severity was recorded between the treatments and control. The highest number of larvae per plant (4.0 ± 0.6) was observed in the 10% incidence threshold treatment. Insecticide application did not consistently contribute to reducing FAW incidence and observed plant damage did not translate into yield loss. FAW control needs further investigation to establish a threshold above which damage translates into yield loss, thus necessitating control intervention.
    Keywords spodoptera frugiperda ; maize ; yields ; pests of plants ; insecticides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06T15:28:26Z
    Publisher Oxford University Press
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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