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Artikel ; Online: Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Treatment Cessation in Hepatitis B e Antigen-negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

Figen SARIGÜL / Ülkü USER

Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes and Antimicrobials, Vol 9, Iss

A Retrospective Single-center Study

2020 Band 1

Abstract: Introduction: The optimal duration of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) therapy is unknown for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) recommends the cessation of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The optimal duration of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) therapy is unknown for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) recommends the cessation of NAs in selected non-cirrhotic HBeAg-negative patients achieving long-term (at least three years) virological suppression under treatment if close monitoring can be guaranteed after the cessation of NAs. This study aimed to test this “cut-off rule” in HBeAg-negative CHB patients treated with NAs. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one non-cirrhotic patients were treated with NAs for an average of nine (3-14) years before treatment was discontinued, and patients’ hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNAs were negative for an average of seven (3-13) years. After treatment cessation, serum HBV-DNA and alanine aminotransferase levels were monitored every four weeks for the first six months and every three months from six months to 12 months. The patients were followed-up for 48 weeks after treatment cessation. Results: In 48 weeks after NA treatment cessation, 30 of 71 patients (42.3%) experienced relaps. Hepatitis B e antigen seroreversion in two consecutive visits was observed in one patient (3.4%), HBV-DNA >20,000 IU/ml twice was observed in 23 patients (76.6%), and both virological and biochemical relapses were observed in six patients (20%). Median retreatment time was 21.6 (4-48) weeks. There were no significant differences between relapsers and non-relapsers in terms of baseline features. Conclusion: Although the viral suppression time in NA treatment of HBeAg-negative CHB patients was longer than the EASL recommendation, the relapse rate was found to be similar to that in other studies. Our study has shown that applying EASL recommendations in patients meeting the suitable criteria who can be closely followed up is appropriate.
Schlagwörter	chronic hepatitis b ; hepatitis b e antigen ; treatment cessation ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	610
Sprache	Türkisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Galenos Yayinevi
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Bibliometric Analysis of HIV and Exercise Literature Based on Scientific Studies from 1990-2020

Elif Köse / Derya Seyman / Figen Sarıgül Yıldırım / Tennur Yerlisu Lapa / Evren Tercan Kaas

Iranian Journal of Public Health, Vol 50, Iss

2021 Band 12

Abstract: Background: Exercise is believed to play an important role in maintaining functionality in patients with HIV and it is thought that researchers are increasingly interested in this field. We aimed to shed light on the historical development of research on ...

Abstract	Background: Exercise is believed to play an important role in maintaining functionality in patients with HIV and it is thought that researchers are increasingly interested in this field. We aimed to shed light on the historical development of research on HIV and exercise by utilizing visual mapping method. Methods: Overall, 1051 articles retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) core database were analyzed according to the publication year and language, number of issues, citation, country collaborations, co-citation networks and concept–topic trends by using CiteSpace software. Results: The United States played a key role in country collaborations, and had the highest citation burst. The most cited studies were meta-analysis studies. The studies gathered mainly around the clusters named “physical activity” and “metabolic abnormalities” meanwhile, the recent topics of research were heart failure, metabolism, comorbidity, Ethiopia, muscle, cardiovascular event and drug user. Conclusion: The reason why USA was found to be one of the key actors in the network is supposed to be the financial resources it can allocate for the studies conducted. It appears that the majority of the studies in the field dwell upon the impact of exercise on the physical parameters in HIV patients, whereas there are only a limited number of studies focusing on the impact of exercise on HIV-induced psychological and cognitive problems. Recent studies on neurocognitive impairment, on the other hand, are predictive of possible future popularity of such topics among researchers.
Schlagwörter	Bibliometric ; Social network analysis ; Exercise ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	001
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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Artikel ; Online: Comparative Evaluation of the Treatment of COVID-19 with Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques

Figen Sarigul Yildirim / Murat Sayan / Tamer Sanlidag / Berna Uzun / Dilber Uzun Ozsahin / Ilker Ozsahin

Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Vol

2021 Band 2021

Abstract: Objectives. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019. Until now, many drugs and methods have been used in the treatment of the disease. However, no effective treatment option has been found and only case- ... ...

Abstract	Objectives. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019. Until now, many drugs and methods have been used in the treatment of the disease. However, no effective treatment option has been found and only case-based successes have been achieved so far. This study aims to evaluate COVID-19 treatment options using multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. Methods. In this study, we evaluated the available COVID-19 treatment options by MCDM techniques, namely, fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR. These techniques are based on the evaluation and comparison of complex and multiple criteria to evaluate the most appropriate alternative. We evaluated current treatment options including favipiravir (FPV), lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, interleukin-1 blocker, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange. The criteria used for the analysis include side effects, method of administration of the drug, cost, turnover of plasma, level of fever, age, pregnancy, and kidney function. Results. The results showed that plasma exchange was the most preferred alternative, followed by FPV and IVIG, while hydroxychloroquine was the least favorable one. New alternatives could be considered once they are available, and weights could be assigned based on the opinions of the decision-makers (physicians/clinicians). The treatment methods that we evaluated with MCDM methods will be beneficial for both healthcare users and to rapidly end the global pandemic. The proposed method is applicable for analyzing the alternatives to the selection problem with quantitative and qualitative data. In addition, it allows the decision-maker to define the problem simply under uncertainty. Conclusions. Fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR techniques are applied in aiding decision-makers in choosing the right treatment technique for the management of COVID-19.
Schlagwörter	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medical technology ; R855-855.5
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Hindawi Limited
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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Artikel ; Online: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (INSTI) Genotypic Resistance Analysis in Treatment-Naive, INSTI Free Antiretroviral-Experienced and INSTI-Experienced Turkish Patients Infected with HIV-1.

Sayan, Murat / Yildirim, Figen Sarigul / Akhan, Sila / Karaoglan, Ilkay / Akalin, Halis

Current HIV research

2022 Band 20, Heft 2, Seite(n) 184–192

Abstract: Background and objective: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are currently the standard of practice for first-line HIV therapy for most patients. We evaluated the mutations associated with INSTI resistance in naive HIV-1 infected patients and ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are currently the standard of practice for first-line HIV therapy for most patients. We evaluated the mutations associated with INSTI resistance in naive HIV-1 infected patients and treated them with antiretrovirals (ART). Methods: The study, conducted in the 2018 - 2020 period, included 50 ART-naïve patients, 69 INSTI free ART-experienced patients, and 82 INSTI-experienced patients. INSTI resistance mutations were interpreted using the Stanford University HIVdb Program algorithm. Results: INSTI resistance was not detected in ART naïve patients. At least one INSTI resistance mutation was detected in 10% of the INSTI-free patients and 29% of the INSTI-treated patients. Major INSTI-mutations E138K, Y143R, S147G, Q148R, N155H, and E157Q were found in raltegravir. Additional mutations, E92Q, E138K, G140A, S147G, and Q148R were found in elvitegravir; E192Q, E138K/T, G140A/S, S147G, Q148H/R, N155H, E157Q were found in dolutegravir (DTG) experienced patients. According to all drug classes, drug resistance mutation prevalences were determined at the rate of 60%, 46%, and 46% in the RAL, EVG, and DTG groups, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings provide data for treatment and resistance management of INSTIs and may provide feedback for INSTIs resistance surveillance consensus-building efforts. In viral rebound under INSTI treatment, INSTI-resistant mutations follow typical INSTI resistance pathways and high resistance rates. INSTI resistance genotypic analysis should be considered before any DTG-based regimes can be initiated in the future, and reduced DTG susceptibility should be carefully monitored and investigated.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Integrase/genetics ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/metabolism ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/pharmacology ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Integrases/genetics ; Integrases/pharmacology ; Integrases/therapeutic use ; Mutation ; Raltegravir Potassium/therapeutic use
Chemische Substanzen	Anti-Retroviral Agents ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; Raltegravir Potassium (43Y000U234) ; HIV Integrase (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Integrases (EC 2.7.7.-)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-03-01
Erscheinungsland	Netherlands
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192348-6
ISSN	1873-4251 ; 1570-162X
ISSN (online)	1873-4251
ISSN	1570-162X
DOI	10.2174/1570162X20666220303104509
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Corticosteroid Treatment on Clinical Course, Hospitalization and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

Umay Balcı / Figen Sarıgül / Derya Seyman / Alper Tahmaz / Ayşegül Seremet Keskin / Kübra Demir Önder / Hande Berk / Ulku User / Filiz Kizilates

Van Tip Dergisi, Vol 29, Iss 3, Pp 290-

2022 Band 296

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: It has been reported that short-term and low-dose intravenous corticosteroids prevent the progression of the disease and reduce mortality during the hyperinflammation period caused by the virus in COVID-19 disease. The aim of our study is ... ...

Abstract	INTRODUCTION: It has been reported that short-term and low-dose intravenous corticosteroids prevent the progression of the disease and reduce mortality during the hyperinflammation period caused by the virus in COVID-19 disease. The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical course, hospital readmission and mortality rates of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, who do not need oxygen and for whom we started outpatient corticosteroid treatment. METHODS: Patients over the age of 18 who applied to our hospital with the diagnosis of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 pneumonia and were treated with outpatient oral systemic corticosteroid were included in the study.Inclusion criteria were pneumonia finding consistent with mild to moderate COVID-19 involvement in lung computerized tomography, seven days or more from symptom onset, and oxygen saturation of 93 and above. The patients were given dexamethasone 8 milligrams (mg) methylprednisolone 32 mg, methylprednisolone 40 mg as oral systemic corticosteroid. RESULTS: The median age (min-max) of the patients was 49.24 (22-91), and 60% of them were male. The median steroid duration was 6.6 (1-10) days. Due to ongoing symptoms, 56% of the patients were admitted to the hospital again, 12% were hospitalized due to clinical and laboratory deterioration, the intensive care hospitalization rate was 3% and the mortality rate was 2% (2/100). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, the effectiveness of oral corticosteroids on mortality and morbidity has not been demonstrated in mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Well-designed randomized controlled studies are needed on this subject.
Schlagwörter	covid-19 ; corticosteroid ; sars-cov-2 ; Medicine ; R
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	610
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Van Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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Artikel ; Online: Capacity Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests For COVID-19 Using Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques

Murat Sayan / Figen Sarigul Yildirim / Tamer Sanlidag / Berna Uzun / Dilber Uzun Ozsahin / Ilker Ozsahin

2020

Abstract: In December 2019, cases of pneumonia were detected in Wuhan, China, which were caused by the highly contagious coronavirus. This study is aimed at comparing the confusion regarding the selection of effective diagnostic methods to make a mutual comparison ...

Abstract	In December 2019, cases of pneumonia were detected in Wuhan, China, which were caused by the highly contagious coronavirus. This study is aimed at comparing the confusion regarding the selection of effective diagnostic methods to make a mutual comparison among existing SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests and at determining the most effective one. Based on available published evidence and clinical practice, diagnostic tests of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were evaluated by multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, namely, fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (fuzzy PROMETHEE) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS). Computerized tomography of chest (chest CT), the detection of viral nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction, cell culture, CoV-19 antigen detection, CoV-19 antibody IgM, CoV-19 antibody IgG, and chest X-ray were evaluated by linguistic fuzzy scale to compare among the diagnostic tests. This scale consists of selected parameters that possessed different weights which were determined by the experts’ opinions of the field. The results of our study with both proposed MCDM methods indicated that the most effective diagnosis method of COVID-19 was chest CT. It is interesting to note that the methods that are consistently used in the diagnosis of viral diseases were ranked in second place for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, each country should use appropriate diagnostic solutions according to its own resources. Our findings also show which diagnostic systems can be used in combination.
Schlagwörter	covid19
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	610
Sprache	Englisch
Verlag	Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Erscheinungsland	eg
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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Artikel ; Online: Capacity Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests For COVID-19 Using Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques

Murat Sayan / Figen Sarigul Yildirim / Tamer Sanlidag / Berna Uzun / Dilber Uzun Ozsahin / Ilker Ozsahin

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol

2020 Band 2020

Abstract	In December 2019, cases of pneumonia were detected in Wuhan, China, which were caused by the highly contagious coronavirus. This study is aimed at comparing the confusion regarding the selection of effective diagnostic methods to make a mutual comparison among existing SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests and at determining the most effective one. Based on available published evidence and clinical practice, diagnostic tests of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were evaluated by multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, namely, fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (fuzzy PROMETHEE) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS). Computerized tomography of chest (chest CT), the detection of viral nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction, cell culture, CoV-19 antigen detection, CoV-19 antibody IgM, CoV-19 antibody IgG, and chest X-ray were evaluated by linguistic fuzzy scale to compare among the diagnostic tests. This scale consists of selected parameters that possessed different weights which were determined by the experts’ opinions of the field. The results of our study with both proposed MCDM methods indicated that the most effective diagnosis method of COVID-19 was chest CT. It is interesting to note that the methods that are consistently used in the diagnosis of viral diseases were ranked in second place for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, each country should use appropriate diagnostic solutions according to its own resources. Our findings also show which diagnostic systems can be used in combination.
Schlagwörter	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; covid19
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	610
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Hindawi Limited
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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Artikel ; Online: Comparative Evaluation of the Treatment of COVID-19 with Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques.

Yildirim, Figen Sarigul / Sayan, Murat / Sanlidag, Tamer / Uzun, Berna / Ozsahin, Dilber Uzun / Ozsahin, Ilker

Journal of healthcare engineering

2021 Band 2021, Seite(n) 8864522

Abstract: Objectives: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019. Until now, many drugs and methods have been used in the treatment of the disease. However, no effective treatment option has been found and only case- ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019. Until now, many drugs and methods have been used in the treatment of the disease. However, no effective treatment option has been found and only case-based successes have been achieved so far. This study aims to evaluate COVID-19 treatment options using multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the available COVID-19 treatment options by MCDM techniques, namely, fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR. These techniques are based on the evaluation and comparison of complex and multiple criteria to evaluate the most appropriate alternative. We evaluated current treatment options including favipiravir (FPV), lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, interleukin-1 blocker, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange. The criteria used for the analysis include side effects, method of administration of the drug, cost, turnover of plasma, level of fever, age, pregnancy, and kidney function. Results: The results showed that plasma exchange was the most preferred alternative, followed by FPV and IVIG, while hydroxychloroquine was the least favorable one. New alternatives could be considered once they are available, and weights could be assigned based on the opinions of the decision-makers (physicians/clinicians). The treatment methods that we evaluated with MCDM methods will be beneficial for both healthcare users and to rapidly end the global pandemic. The proposed method is applicable for analyzing the alternatives to the selection problem with quantitative and qualitative data. In addition, it allows the decision-maker to define the problem simply under uncertainty. Conclusions: Fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR techniques are applied in aiding decision-makers in choosing the right treatment technique for the management of COVID-19.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Clinical Decision-Making/methods ; Decision Support Techniques ; Fuzzy Logic ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemische Substanzen	Antiviral Agents
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-22
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2545054-2
ISSN	2040-2309 ; 2040-2295
ISSN (online)	2040-2309
ISSN	2040-2295
DOI	10.1155/2021/8864522
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: NS5A resistance - associated substitutions in chronic hepatitis C patients with direct acting antiviral treatment failure in Turkey.

Sayan, Murat / Yıldırım, Figen Sarıgül / Akhan, Sıla / Yıldırım, Arzu Altunçekiç / Şirin, Göktuğ / Cabalak, Mehmet / Demir, Mehmet / Can, Selver / Ersöz, Gülden / Altıntaş, Engin / Ensaroğlu, Fatih / Akbulut, Ayhan / Şener, Alper / Deveci, Aydın

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2020 Band 95, Seite(n) 84–89

Abstract: Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is now a more curable disease with new direct acting antivirals (DAA). Although high sustained virologic response rates, failures still occur in DAA regimens. Our objective in this study was to characterize the real- ...

Abstract	Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is now a more curable disease with new direct acting antivirals (DAA). Although high sustained virologic response rates, failures still occur in DAA regimens. Our objective in this study was to characterize the real-life presence of clinically relevant resistance - associated substitutions (RASs) in the HCV NS5A gene in CHC patients whose DAA regimen has failed. Methods: The study enrolled 53 CHC patients who experienced failure with DAA regimen as the prospective longitudinal cohort between 2017-2019. Genotypic resistance testing was performed via the viral population sequencing method and The Geno2pheno HCV tool was used for RAS analysis. Results: The most frequent failure category was relapse (88%) followed by non-responder (12%). For a total of 36% of patients, RASs was detected in NS5A, Y93H was the most detected RAS in GT1b infected patients (89%). Conclusions: This study establishes an HCV failure registry for Turkey in which samples were combined with clinical, virologic and molecular data of adult patients whose DAA therapy failed. RASs can occur in CHC patients with DAA treatment failures. Evaluation of RAS after DAA failure is very important before re-treatment is initiated to prevent virologic failure.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotyping Techniques ; Hepacivirus/drug effects ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Treatment Failure ; Turkey ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
Chemische Substanzen	Antiviral Agents ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus (EC 2.7.7.48)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-04-14
Erscheinungsland	Canada
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.061
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections

Balkan Medical Journal, Vol 37, Iss 3, Pp 125-

2020 Band 130

Abstract: Background: Because of their similar modes of transmission, the simultaneous infection of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus are increasingly seen as a big problem related to human health. Aims: To determine the drug mutations in hepatitis ... ...

Abstract	Background: Because of their similar modes of transmission, the simultaneous infection of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus are increasingly seen as a big problem related to human health. Aims: To determine the drug mutations in hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus co-infected human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients in Turkey. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: The present study was conducted between 2010 and 2017. HBsAg, anti-hepatitis C virus, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus were tested with ELISA. All anti-human immunodeficiency virus positive results by ELISA were verified for anti-human immunodeficiency virus positivity by a Western blot test, and Anti-human immunodeficiency virus positive patients with HBsAg and/or anti-hepatitis C virus positivity were included in the study. Subtyping and genotypic resistance analyses were performed by population sequencing of the viral protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 pol gene. Results: We detected 3896 human immunodeficiency virus-1 positive patients whose sera were sent from numerous hospitals across the country to our polymerase chain reaction unit for detection of drug resistance mutations and whose molecular laboratory tests were completed. Viral hepatitis co-infections were detected in 4.3% (n=170) of patients. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection were observed in 3.2% and 0.5% of all human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected patients, respectively. The major human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype detected was group M, subtype B (62.9%). However, 13.5% of drug resistance mutation motifs were found in human immunodeficiency virus-1 genomes of patients included in the study. Conclusion: Due to similar transmission routes, HIV1 patients are at risk of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection. However, antiretroviral drug resistance mutation model is similar to patients with hepatitis negative.
Schlagwörter	co-infection ; hepatitis b virus ; hepatitis c virus ; hiv-1 ; molecular epidemiology ; Medicine ; R
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Galenos Publishing House
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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