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Article: Safety issues of defective lithium-ion batteries: identification and risk evaluation

Jia, Yikai / Liu, Binghe / Hong, Zhiguo / Yin, Sha / Finegan, Donal P / Xu, Jun

Journal of materials chemistry A. 2020 June 30, v. 8, no. 25

2020

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries inevitably suffer minor damage or defects caused by external mechanical abusive loading, e.g., penetration, deformation, and scratch without triggering a hard/major short circuit. The replacement of cells becomes a dilemma if the ... ...

Abstract	Lithium-ion batteries inevitably suffer minor damage or defects caused by external mechanical abusive loading, e.g., penetration, deformation, and scratch without triggering a hard/major short circuit. The replacement of cells becomes a dilemma if the safety risk of the defective batteries remains unknown. Herein, by introducing a representative defect form, i.e., screw indentation, we demonstrate the safety characteristics of defective batteries. We prove that defective batteries have a significantly increased thermal risk and deteriorated mechanical integrity, but can go undetected due to prompt voltage recovery and insignificant local temperature increase. We discover that the voltage curve within the first few cycles contains sufficient information to identify defective batteries from otherwise good ones and propose methodologies to monitor the cells. Capacity loss and current leakage are two characteristics that can be estimated using the voltage curve. According to the defect size and position, the capacity loss could be 1 to 10² mA h and the leakage current could be 5–50 mA. Results remove the barriers for defective battery safety risk evaluation, enabling identification, monitoring, and early warning of minor damaged batteries.
Keywords	chemistry ; deformation ; electric potential difference ; lithium batteries ; monitoring ; risk ; risk assessment ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0630
Size	p. 12472-12484.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2702232-8
ISSN	2050-7496 ; 2050-7488
ISSN (online)	2050-7496
ISSN	2050-7488
DOI	10.1039/d0ta04171h
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Quantifying and modeling of stress-driven short-circuits in lithium-ion batteries in electrified vehicles

Liu, Binghe / Duan, Xudong / Yuan, Chunhao / Wang, Lubing / Li, Jiani / Finegan, Donal P / Feng, Bill / Xu, Jun

Journal of materials chemistry A. 2021 Mar. 23, v. 9, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Despite the huge expansion of electric vehicle sales in the market, customers are discouraged by the possible catastrophic consequences brought by the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries, such as internal short circuits, especially in crash scenarios. ...

Abstract	Despite the huge expansion of electric vehicle sales in the market, customers are discouraged by the possible catastrophic consequences brought by the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries, such as internal short circuits, especially in crash scenarios. Herein, we reveal the quantitative relationship between the deformations of the battery and the internal short circuit. By in situ and ex situ observations and post mortem characterization of the component materials, we quantify the stress-driven internal short circuit and failure behavior of the component material. With the aid of a validated numerical computational model as well as the in situ characterization of the global-field temperature, we successfully identify the minor and major short circuits of the cells upon various mechanical abusive loadings. Finally, we establish the internal short circuit criteria for typical formats of batteries. This discovery also provides a fundamental understanding of both internal and external stress-driven short circuits in a much broader context.
Keywords	bioinformatics ; chemistry ; electric vehicles ; markets ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0323
Size	p. 7102-7113.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2702232-8
ISSN	2050-7496 ; 2050-7488
ISSN (online)	2050-7496
ISSN	2050-7488
DOI	10.1039/d0ta12082k
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Multiscale dynamics of charging and plating in graphite electrodes coupling operando microscopy and phase-field modelling.

Lu, Xuekun / Lagnoni, Marco / Bertei, Antonio / Das, Supratim / Owen, Rhodri E / Li, Qi / O'Regan, Kieran / Wade, Aaron / Finegan, Donal P / Kendrick, Emma / Bazant, Martin Z / Brett, Dan J L / Shearing, Paul R

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5127

Abstract: The phase separation dynamics in graphitic anodes significantly affects lithium plating propensity, which is the major degradation mechanism that impairs the safety and fast charge capabilities of automotive lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we ... ...

Abstract	The phase separation dynamics in graphitic anodes significantly affects lithium plating propensity, which is the major degradation mechanism that impairs the safety and fast charge capabilities of automotive lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we present comprehensive investigation employing operando high-resolution optical microscopy combined with non-equilibrium thermodynamics implemented in a multi-dimensional (1D+1D to 3D) phase-field modeling framework to reveal the rate-dependent spatial dynamics of phase separation and plating in graphite electrodes. Here we visualize and provide mechanistic understanding of the multistage phase separation, plating, inter/intra-particle lithium exchange and plated lithium back-intercalation phenomena. A strong dependence of intra-particle lithiation heterogeneity on the particle size, shape, orientation, surface condition and C-rate at the particle level is observed, which leads to early onset of plating spatially resolved by a 3D image-based phase-field model. Moreover, we highlight the distinct relaxation processes at different state-of-charges (SOCs), wherein thermodynamically unstable graphite particles undergo a drastic intra-particle lithium redistribution and inter-particle lithium exchange at intermediate SOCs, whereas the electrode equilibrates much slower at low and high SOCs. These physics-based insights into the distinct SOC-dependent relaxation efficiency provide new perspective towards developing advanced fast charge protocols to suppress plating and shorten the constant voltage regime.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-40574-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: 3D Detection of Lithiation and Lithium Plating in Graphite Anodes during Fast Charging.

Ho, Alec S / Parkinson, Dilworth Y / Finegan, Donal P / Trask, Stephen E / Jansen, Andrew N / Tong, Wei / Balsara, Nitash P

ACS nano

2021 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 10480–10487

Abstract: A barrier to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is enabling fast charging lithium-ion batteries. At normal charging rates, lithium ions intercalate into the graphite electrode. At high charging rates, lithiation is inhomogeneous, and metallic ... ...

Abstract	A barrier to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is enabling fast charging lithium-ion batteries. At normal charging rates, lithium ions intercalate into the graphite electrode. At high charging rates, lithiation is inhomogeneous, and metallic lithium can plate on the graphite particles, reducing capacity and causing safety concerns. We have built a cell for conducting high-resolution
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1936-086X
ISSN (online)	1936-086X
DOI	10.1021/acsnano.1c02942
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bridging nano- and microscale X-ray tomography for battery research by leveraging artificial intelligence.

Scharf, Jonathan / Chouchane, Mehdi / Finegan, Donal P / Lu, Bingyu / Redquest, Christopher / Kim, Min-Cheol / Yao, Weiliang / Franco, Alejandro A / Gostovic, Dan / Liu, Zhao / Riccio, Mark / Zelenka, František / Doux, Jean-Marie / Meng, Ying Shirley

Nature nanotechnology

2022 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 446–459

Abstract: X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive imaging technique in which contrast originates from the materials' absorption coefficient. The recent development of laboratory nanoscale CT (nano-CT) systems has pushed the spatial resolution for ... ...

Abstract	X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive imaging technique in which contrast originates from the materials' absorption coefficient. The recent development of laboratory nanoscale CT (nano-CT) systems has pushed the spatial resolution for battery material imaging to voxel sizes of 50 nm, a limit previously achievable only with synchrotron facilities. Given the non-destructive nature of CT, in situ and operando studies have emerged as powerful methods to quantify morphological parameters, such as tortuosity factor, porosity, surface area and volume expansion, during battery operation or cycling. Combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning analysis techniques, nano-CT has enabled the development of predictive models to analyse the impact of the electrode microstructure on cell performances or the influence of material heterogeneities on electrochemical responses. In this Review, we discuss the role of X-ray CT and nano-CT experimentation in the battery field, discuss the incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning analyses and provide a perspective on how the combination of multiscale CT imaging techniques can expand the development of predictive multiscale battery behavioural models.
MeSH term(s)	Artificial Intelligence ; Electrodes ; Porosity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2254964-X
ISSN	1748-3395 ; 1748-3387
ISSN (online)	1748-3395
ISSN	1748-3387
DOI	10.1038/s41565-022-01081-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: In situ chamber for studying battery failure using high-speed synchrotron radiography

Pfaff, Jonas / Fransson, Matilda / Broche, Ludovic / Buckwell, Mark / Finegan, Donal P. / Moser, Stefan / Schopferer, Sebastian / Nau, Siegfried / Shearing, Paul R. / Rack, Alexander

2023

Abstract: 192 ... 199 ... The investigation of lithium-ion battery failures is a major challenge for personnel and equipment due to the associated hazards (thermal reaction, toxic gases and explosions). To perform such experiments safely, a battery abuse-test chamber ... ...

Abstract	192 199 The investigation of lithium-ion battery failures is a major challenge for personnel and equipment due to the associated hazards (thermal reaction, toxic gases and explosions). To perform such experiments safely, a battery abuse-test chamber has been developed and installed at the microtomography beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The chamber provides the capability to robustly perform in situ abuse tests through the heat-resistant and gas-tight design for flexible battery geometries and configurations, including single-cell and multi-cell assemblies. High-speed X-ray imaging can be complemented by supplementary equipment, including additional probes (voltage, pressure and temperature) and thermal imaging. Together with the test chamber, a synchronization graphical user interface was developed, which allows an initial interpretation by time-synchronous visualization of the acquired data. Enabled by this setup, new meaningful insights can be gained into the internal processes of a thermal runaway of current and future energy-storage devices such as lithium-ion cells. 30 Pt.1
Keywords	X-ray imaging ; Li-ion batteries ; safety ; thermal runaway ; in situ studies ; abuse tests ; propagation
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: 3D microstructure design of lithium-ion battery electrodes assisted by X-ray nano-computed tomography and modelling.

Lu, Xuekun / Bertei, Antonio / Finegan, Donal P / Tan, Chun / Daemi, Sohrab R / Weaving, Julia S / O'Regan, Kieran B / Heenan, Thomas M M / Hinds, Gareth / Kendrick, Emma / Brett, Dan J L / Shearing, Paul R

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 2079

Abstract: Driving range and fast charge capability of electric vehicles are heavily dependent on the 3D microstructure of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and substantial fundamental research is required to optimise electrode design for specific operating conditions. ... ...

Abstract	Driving range and fast charge capability of electric vehicles are heavily dependent on the 3D microstructure of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and substantial fundamental research is required to optimise electrode design for specific operating conditions. Here we have developed a full microstructure-resolved 3D model using a novel X-ray nano-computed tomography (CT) dual-scan superimposition technique that captures features of the carbon-binder domain. This elucidates how LiB performance is markedly affected by microstructural heterogeneities, particularly under high rate conditions. The elongated shape and wide size distribution of the active particles not only affect the lithium-ion transport but also lead to a heterogeneous current distribution and non-uniform lithiation between particles and along the through-thickness direction. Building on these insights, we propose and compare potential graded-microstructure designs for next-generation battery electrodes. To guide manufacturing of electrode architectures, in-situ X-ray CT is shown to reliably reveal the porosity and tortuosity changes with incremental calendering steps.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-020-15811-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: 4D imaging of lithium-batteries using correlative neutron and X-ray tomography with a virtual unrolling technique.

Ziesche, Ralf F / Arlt, Tobias / Finegan, Donal P / Heenan, Thomas M M / Tengattini, Alessandro / Baum, Daniel / Kardjilov, Nikolay / Markötter, Henning / Manke, Ingo / Kockelmann, Winfried / Brett, Dan J L / Shearing, Paul R

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 777

Abstract: The temporally and spatially resolved tracking of lithium intercalation and electrode degradation processes are crucial for detecting and understanding performance losses during the operation of lithium-batteries. Here, high-throughput X-ray computed ... ...

Abstract	The temporally and spatially resolved tracking of lithium intercalation and electrode degradation processes are crucial for detecting and understanding performance losses during the operation of lithium-batteries. Here, high-throughput X-ray computed tomography has enabled the identification of mechanical degradation processes in a commercial Li/MnO
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-019-13943-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Spatial quantification of dynamic inter and intra particle crystallographic heterogeneities within lithium ion electrodes.

Finegan, Donal P / Vamvakeros, Antonis / Tan, Chun / Heenan, Thomas M M / Daemi, Sohrab R / Seitzman, Natalie / Di Michiel, Marco / Jacques, Simon / Beale, Andrew M / Brett, Dan J L / Shearing, Paul R / Smith, Kandler

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 631

Abstract: The performance of lithium ion electrodes is hindered by unfavorable chemical heterogeneities that pre-exist or develop during operation. Time-resolved spatial descriptions are needed to understand the link between such heterogeneities and a cell's ... ...

Abstract	The performance of lithium ion electrodes is hindered by unfavorable chemical heterogeneities that pre-exist or develop during operation. Time-resolved spatial descriptions are needed to understand the link between such heterogeneities and a cell's performance. Here, operando high-resolution X-ray diffraction-computed tomography is used to spatially and temporally quantify crystallographic heterogeneities within and between particles throughout both fresh and degraded Li
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-020-14467-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Three-Dimensional Mapping of Resistivity and Microstructure of Composite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Stetson, Caleb / Huey, Zoey / Downard, Ali / Li, Zhifei / To, Bobby / Zakutayev, Andriy / Jiang, Chun-Sheng / Al-Jassim, Mowafak M / Finegan, Donal P / Han, Sang-Don / DeCaluwe, Steven C

Nano letters

2020 Volume 20, Issue 11, Page(s) 8081–8088

Abstract: Nanoparticle silicon-graphite composite electrodes are a viable way to advance the cycle life and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, characterization of composite electrode architectures is complicated by the heterogeneous mixture of ... ...

Abstract	Nanoparticle silicon-graphite composite electrodes are a viable way to advance the cycle life and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, characterization of composite electrode architectures is complicated by the heterogeneous mixture of electrode components and nanoscale diameter of particles, which falls beneath the lateral and depth resolution of most laboratory-based instruments. In this work, we report an original laboratory-based scanning probe microscopy approach to investigate composite electrode microstructures with nanometer-scale resolution via contrast in the electronic properties of electrode components. Applying this technique to silicon-based composite anodes demonstrates that graphite, SiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1530-6992
ISSN (online)	1530-6992
DOI	10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03074
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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