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  1. Article ; Online: Chronic Hepatitis C Cascade of Care in Prisoners-Is There Still Some Work to Do? Analysis of Two Large Penitentiaries in Northern Italy.

    Cambianica, Anna / Marchese, Valentina / Pennati, Francesca / Faustinelli, Alessandro / Migliorati, Manuela / Roda, Fabio / Spinetti, Angiola / Zaltron, Serena / Fiorentini, Simona / Caruso, Arnaldo / Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia / Castelli, Francesco / Focà, Emanuele

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 1

    Abstract: Penitentiaries have a higher burden of communicable diseases compared to the general population. Prisoners should be tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and have direct access to treatment. We analysed the HCV cascade of care in two penitentiaries in ... ...

    Abstract Penitentiaries have a higher burden of communicable diseases compared to the general population. Prisoners should be tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and have direct access to treatment. We analysed the HCV cascade of care in two penitentiaries in Brescia, Northern Italy. At admission, prisoners are offered a voluntary screening for HCV, while patients with known infections are tested with an HCVRNA measurement. We performed an observational retrospective study including all the subjects admitted to the penitentiaries from 1 January 2015 to 31 October 2021. We conducted a descriptive analysis. During the study period, 5378 admissions were registered, and 2932 (54.5%) screenings were performed. Hepatitis C virus antibody positivity was found in 269 tests (9.2%). Hepatitis C virus RNA was detectable in 169 people. During the study period, 77 treatments with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) were administered. Follow-up was available in 45 patients, and sustained virological response (SVR) was documented in 44 of them. Retention in care occurred in less than half of the prisoners after release. Our data demonstrate poor screening adherence that could benefit from educational programs. Treatment rates could be improved with test-and-treat programs. More efforts are needed to eliminate HCV as a public threat by 2030. Dedicated local networks, including infectious diseases (ID) departments, substance abuse services and prisons, could mitigate these issues.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology ; Italy/epidemiology ; Prisoners ; Prisons ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph21010104
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Nutritional Strategies To Improve VRE Control.

    Morello, Enrico / Roversi, Sara / Brambilla, Giulia / Signorini, Liana / Lorenzoni, Marianna / Andreoli, Marco / Bernardi, Simona / Malagola, Michele / Farina, Mirko / Radici, Vera / Magliano, Gabriele / Fiorentini, Simona / Caruso, Arnaldo / Russo, Domenico

    Transplantation and cellular therapy

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 548.e1–548.e4

    Abstract: The rise of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains among cellular therapy recipients raises concerns due to increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs, particularly impacting transplanted patients with diminished survival ... ...

    Abstract The rise of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains among cellular therapy recipients raises concerns due to increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs, particularly impacting transplanted patients with diminished survival expectations. Recent research linking lactose to Enterococcus growth and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) emphasizes the need for data on reducing lactose in the diets of VRE-carrying patients, especially in cellular therapy contexts like CAR-T or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Responding to elevated VRE positivity rates in rectal swabs among patients in our BMT Unit, a unique nutritional strategy was implemented, introducing lactose-free milk and strictly enforcing lactose-free diets. This approach resulted in a significant reduction in VRE carriers, with a 16% positivity rate in the Lactose Group versus 3.6% in the Lactose-Free Group, as of June 2023. These results indicate the potential efficacy of this innovative nutritional strategy in high-risk departments, such as BMT Units and Intensive Care Units, with implications for reducing isolation strategies and inappropriate antibiotic use in cases of VRE colonization.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci ; Lactose ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/prevention & control ; Male ; Female ; Milk/microbiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation
    Chemical Substances Lactose (J2B2A4N98G)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3062231-1
    ISSN 2666-6367
    ISSN (online) 2666-6367
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.03.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: First detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein N501 mutation in Italy in August, 2020.

    Fiorentini, Simona / Messali, Serena / Zani, Alberto / Caccuri, Francesca / Giovanetti, Marta / Ciccozzi, Massimo / Caruso, Arnaldo

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) e147

    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; COVID-19/virology ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00007-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A side-by-side comparison of the performance and time-and-motion data of VITEK MS.

    Bardelli, Marta / Padovani, Michela / Fiorentini, Simona / Caruso, Arnaldo / Yamamura, Deborah / Gaskin, Mark / Jissam, Ali / González-López, Juan José / Larrosa, M Nieves / Pumarola, Tomàs / Lassus, Anna / Louis, Barbara / Capron, Nicolas

    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology

    2022  Volume 41, Issue 8, Page(s) 1115–1125

    Abstract: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry systems are designed for rapid and reliable microbial identification. VITEK MS PRIME is the bioMérieux's new generation instrument equipped with a continuous load- ... ...

    Abstract Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry systems are designed for rapid and reliable microbial identification. VITEK MS PRIME is the bioMérieux's new generation instrument equipped with a continuous load-and-go sample loading system, urgent slide prioritization for critical patient samples and new internal components for faster identification. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of VITEK MS PRIME and to compare it to that of the VITEK MS system. In addition, at two sites, we performed a time-and-motion study to evaluate the efficiency of sample analysis from colony picking to slide removal from the instrument. We analyzed by VITEK MS and VITEK MS PRIME a total of 1413 isolates (1320 bacterial and 76 yeast) deriving from routine diagnostic samples that came into four laboratories in Canada, France, Italy, and Spain. VITEK MS PRIME and VITEK MS were concordant to the species and genus level for 1354/1413 (95.8%) and to the species level for 1341/1413 (94.9%). The identification and concordance rates in individual centers were largely homogenous. Overall, VITEK MS PRIME identified 1370/1413 (97.0%) of isolates compared to 1367/1413 (96.7%) identified by VITEK MS. Identification rates were consistently high for all microorganism categories. A time-and-motion study showed that the use of VITEK MS PRIME was associated with significant time saving. VITEK MS PRIME performs as well as VITEK MS and reduces the time necessary for pathogen identification. To fully optimize the laboratory process and obtain maximum efficiency, VITEK MS PRIME must be integrated into the laboratory workflow.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria ; Canada ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods ; Yeasts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603155-9
    ISSN 1435-4373 ; 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
    ISSN (online) 1435-4373
    ISSN 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
    DOI 10.1007/s10096-022-04472-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Human Metapneumovirus Establishes Persistent Infection in Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Primes a Th2-Skewed Immune Response

    Bugatti, Antonella / Marsico, Stefania / Fogli, Manuela / Roversi, Sara / Messali, Serena / Bosisio, Daniela / Giagulli, Cinzia / Caruso, Arnaldo / Sozzani, Silvano / Fiorentini, Simona / Caccuri, Francesca

    Microorganisms. 2020 May 30, v. 8, no. 6

    2020  

    Abstract: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections. HMPV infection has been hypothesized to alter dendritic cell (DC) immune response; however, many questions regarding HMPV pathogenesis within the infected lung remain ... ...

    Abstract Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections. HMPV infection has been hypothesized to alter dendritic cell (DC) immune response; however, many questions regarding HMPV pathogenesis within the infected lung remain unanswered. Here, we show that HMPV productively infects human lung microvascular endothelial cells (L-HMVECs). The release of infectious virus occurs for up to more than 30 days of culture without producing overt cytopathic effects and medium derived from persistently HMPV-infected L-HMVECs (secretome) induced monocyte-derived DCs to prime naïve CD4 T-cells toward a Th2 phenotype. Moreover, we demonstrated that infected secretomes trigger DCs to up-regulate OX40L expression and OX40L neutralization abolished the pro-Th2 effect that is induced by HMPV-secretome. We clarified secretome from HMPV by size exclusion and ultracentrifugation with the aim to characterize the role of viral particles in the observed pro-Th2 effect. In both cases, the percentage of IL-4-producing cells and expression of OX40L returned at basal levels. Finally, we showed that HMPV, per se, could reproduce the ability of secretome to prime pro-Th2 DCs. These results suggest that HMPV, persistently released by L-HMVECs, might take part in the development of a skewed, pro-Th2 lung microenvironment.
    Keywords Human metapneumovirus ; chronic diseases ; dendritic cells ; humans ; immune response ; lungs ; neutralization ; pathogenesis ; phenotype ; ultracentrifugation ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0530
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms8060824
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Remodels the Phenotype and Promotes Angiogenesis of Primary Human Lung Endothelial Cells

    Caccuri, Francesca / Bugatti, Antonella / Zani, Alberto / De Palma, Antonella / Di Silvestre, Dario / Manocha, Ekta / Filippini, Federica / Messali, Serena / Chiodelli, Paola / Campisi, Giovanni / Fiorentini, Simona / Facchetti, Fabio / Mauri, Pierluigi / Caruso, Arnaldo

    Microorganisms. 2021 July 03, v. 9, no. 7

    2021  

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury are life-threatening manifestations of severe viral infection. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to respiratory complications, such as endothelialitis, ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury are life-threatening manifestations of severe viral infection. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to respiratory complications, such as endothelialitis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, and vascular leakage remain unclear. In this study, by using an immunofluorescence assay and in situ RNA-hybridization, we demonstrate the capability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect human primary lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-mECs) in the absence of cytopathic effects and release of infectious particles. Preliminary data point to the role of integrins in SARS-CoV-2 entry into HL-mECs in the absence of detectable ACE2 expression. Following infection, HL-mECs were found to release a plethora of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic molecules, as assessed by microarray analyses. This conditioned microenvironment stimulated HL-mECs to acquire an angiogenic phenotype. Proteome analysis confirmed a remodeling of SARS-CoV-2-infected HL-mECs to inflammatory and angiogenic responses and highlighted the expression of antiviral molecules as annexin A6 and MX1. These results support the hypothesis of a direct role of SARS-CoV-2-infected HL-mECs in sustaining vascular dysfunction during the early phases of infection. The construction of virus-host interactomes will be instrumental to identify potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 aimed to inhibit HL-mEC-sustained inflammation and angiogenesis upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; angiogenesis ; fluorescent antibody technique ; humans ; inflammation ; integrins ; lungs ; microarray technology ; phenotype ; proteome ; therapeutics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0703
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9071438
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Remodels the Phenotype and Promotes Angiogenesis of Primary Human Lung Endothelial Cells.

    Caccuri, Francesca / Bugatti, Antonella / Zani, Alberto / De Palma, Antonella / Di Silvestre, Dario / Manocha, Ekta / Filippini, Federica / Messali, Serena / Chiodelli, Paola / Campisi, Giovanni / Fiorentini, Simona / Facchetti, Fabio / Mauri, Pierluigi / Caruso, Arnaldo

    Microorganisms

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 7

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury are life-threatening manifestations of severe viral infection. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to respiratory complications, such as endothelialitis, ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury are life-threatening manifestations of severe viral infection. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to respiratory complications, such as endothelialitis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, and vascular leakage remain unclear. In this study, by using an immunofluorescence assay and in situ RNA-hybridization, we demonstrate the capability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect human primary lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-mECs) in the absence of cytopathic effects and release of infectious particles. Preliminary data point to the role of integrins in SARS-CoV-2 entry into HL-mECs in the absence of detectable ACE2 expression. Following infection, HL-mECs were found to release a plethora of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic molecules, as assessed by microarray analyses. This conditioned microenvironment stimulated HL-mECs to acquire an angiogenic phenotype. Proteome analysis confirmed a remodeling of SARS-CoV-2-infected HL-mECs to inflammatory and angiogenic responses and highlighted the expression of antiviral molecules as annexin A6 and MX1. These results support the hypothesis of a direct role of SARS-CoV-2-infected HL-mECs in sustaining vascular dysfunction during the early phases of infection. The construction of virus-host interactomes will be instrumental to identify potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 aimed to inhibit HL-mEC-sustained inflammation and angiogenesis upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9071438
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: HIV-1 Matrix Protein p17 and its Receptors.

    Caccuri, Francesca / Marsico, Stefania / Fiorentini, Simona / Caruso, Arnaldo / Giagulli, Cinzia

    Current drug targets

    2015  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 23–32

    Abstract: The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) plays a crucial role in the virus life cycle. It is released in the extracellular space from HIV-1-infected cells and accumulates in the tissues of patients, even in those successfully treated with highly active ... ...

    Abstract The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) plays a crucial role in the virus life cycle. It is released in the extracellular space from HIV-1-infected cells and accumulates in the tissues of patients, even in those successfully treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Extracellular p17 deregulates the biological functions of many different cells that are directly or indirectly implicated in AIDS pathogenesis. All p17 actions depend on interaction between its functional epitope (AT20), located at the protein N-terminal region, and different receptors expressed on target cells. This finding corroborates the importance of impeding p17/p17 receptors interaction as a contribution to block AIDS. In this article we review the interaction of p17 with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and with the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2). We provide details on how p17 interacts with its receptors and how these interactions are central to the p17 biological activities. Moreover, we highlight the existence of a p17 variant, named S75X, which displays opposite effects on B-cell proliferation as compared to p17. A two-site model for p17 interaction with G-coupled receptors provides a possible explanation on how mutations naturally occurring within the primary amino acid structure can lead S75X to activate the Akt signaling pathway and to promote B-cell growth and transformation. Identification of p17 interaction with HSPGs, CXCR1 and CXCR2 as a fundamental event in supporting its activity could help to find new treatment approaches aimed at blocking all p17/p17 receptors interactions and, consequently, p17 detrimental activities.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Discovery ; HIV Antigens/metabolism ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Binding/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents ; HIV Antigens ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Interleukin-8A ; Receptors, Interleukin-8B ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; p17 protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-22
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2064859-5
    ISSN 1873-5592 ; 1389-4501
    ISSN (online) 1873-5592
    ISSN 1389-4501
    DOI 10.2174/1389450116666150825110840
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Acute epididymo-orchitis due to Salmonella Typhi in a young man from Bangladesh.

    Gardini, Giulia / Comelli, Agnese / Pecorelli, Silvia / Parolini, Filippo / Tomasoni, Lina / Pezzotta, Ramona / Fiorentini, Simona / Caruso, Arnaldo / Alberti, Daniele / Castelli, Francesco

    Infection

    2019  Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 857–860

    Abstract: S. typhi infection rarely involves the genitourinary system. We report the first described case of acute epididymo-orchitis due to S. typhi in a 14-year-old boy from Bangladesh. A high index of suspicion should be maintained when evaluating patients ... ...

    Abstract S. typhi infection rarely involves the genitourinary system. We report the first described case of acute epididymo-orchitis due to S. typhi in a 14-year-old boy from Bangladesh. A high index of suspicion should be maintained when evaluating patients coming from endemic countries also in case of unusual sites of infection.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Bangladesh ; Humans ; Male ; Orchitis/drug therapy ; Orchitis/microbiology ; Salmonella Infections/diagnosis ; Salmonella Infections/drug therapy ; Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185104-4
    ISSN 1439-0973 ; 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
    ISSN (online) 1439-0973
    ISSN 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
    DOI 10.1007/s15010-019-01280-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Correction to: Acute epididymo-orchitis due to Salmonella Typhi in a young man from Bangladesh.

    Gardini, Giulia / Comelli, Agnese / Pecorelli, Silvia / Parolini, Filippo / Tomasoni, Lina / Pezzotta, Ramona / Fiorentini, Simona / Caruso, Arnaldo / Alberti, Daniele / Castelli, Francesco

    Infection

    2018  Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 861

    Abstract: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Arnaldo Caruso was not listed among the authors. ...

    Abstract The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Arnaldo Caruso was not listed among the authors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 185104-4
    ISSN 1439-0973 ; 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
    ISSN (online) 1439-0973
    ISSN 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
    DOI 10.1007/s15010-019-01296-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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