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Article: Spatial, seasonal, and climatic variability in mesozooplankton size spectra along a coastal-to-open ocean transect in the subarctic Northeast Pacific

Kwong, Lian E. / Ross, Tetjana / Lüskow, Florian / Florko, Katie R.N. / Pakhomov, Evgeny A.

Elsevier Ltd Progress in oceanography. 2022 Feb., v. 201

2022

Abstract: Biomass size spectra (i.e., the distribution of biomass by body size) are increasingly being used to describe energy flows through pelagic communities. We relate spatial and temporal variability in mesozooplankton normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS) ... ...

Abstract	Biomass size spectra (i.e., the distribution of biomass by body size) are increasingly being used to describe energy flows through pelagic communities. We relate spatial and temporal variability in mesozooplankton normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS) to environmental drivers to understand how climatic variability impacts these energy flows. Seasonally-resolved mesozooplankton samples, collected between 1997 and 2019 along a subarctic Northeast Pacific coastal-to-open ocean transect using a 236 µm Bongo net, were analyzed using microscopy and a laboratory laser optic particle counter to obtain NBSS. NBSS intercepts decreased and slopes flattened along the transect until about 400 km offshore, after which they remained relatively similar. NBSS showed significant seasonality, with steeper slopes and lower intercepts during the winter, and the strongest seasonality near the coast. While there was weak evidence of long-term trends in NBSS, no evidence of gelatification was detected. Seasonality was also evident in the environmental parameters, along with some long-term trends. Stepwise regression analysis suggested that changes in NBSS slope were driven by surface chlorophyll-a concentration, depth-integrated nitrate + nitrite, multivariate ENSO index, number of species, species diversity, and water content (i.e., gelatinous contribution). Surface chlorophyll-a concentration had the greatest effect on NBSS slope, suggesting that future studies may employ satellite-derived estimates of chlorophyll-a to infer changes in mesozooplankton NBSS. This study demonstrates how NBSS may be used to compare and understand the broad implications of climate-induced environmental changes on zooplankton in ecosystems with differing species composition.
Keywords	biomass ; body size ; chlorophyll ; climatic factors ; coasts ; microscopy ; nitrates ; nitrites ; oceanography ; regression analysis ; species diversity ; temporal variation ; water content ; winter ; zooplankton
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0079-6611
DOI	10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102728
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Drivers and consequences of apex predator diet composition in the Canadian Beaufort Sea.

Florko, Katie R N / Thiemann, Gregory W / Bromaghin, Jeffrey F

Oecologia

2020 Volume 194, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 51–63

Abstract: Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on annual sea ice as their primary habitat for hunting marine mammal prey. Given their long lifespan, wide geographic distribution, and position at the top of the Arctic marine food web, the diet composition of polar ... ...

Abstract	Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on annual sea ice as their primary habitat for hunting marine mammal prey. Given their long lifespan, wide geographic distribution, and position at the top of the Arctic marine food web, the diet composition of polar bears can provide insights into temporal and spatial ecosystem dynamics related to climate-mediated sea ice loss. Polar bears with the greatest ecological constraints on diet composition may be most vulnerable to climate-related changes in ice conditions and prey availability. We used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) to estimate the diets of polar bears (n = 419) in two western Canadian Arctic subpopulations (Northern Beaufort Sea and Southern Beaufort Sea) from 1999 to 2015. Polar bear diets were dominated by ringed seal (Pusa hispida), with interannual, seasonal, age- and sex-specific variation. Foraging area and sea ice conditions also affected polar bear diet composition. Most variation in bear diet was explained by longitude, reflecting spatial variation in prey availability. Sea ice conditions (extent, thickness, and seasonal duration) declined throughout the study period, and date of sea ice break-up in the preceding spring was positively correlated with female body condition and consumption of beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), suggesting that bears foraged on beluga whales during entrapment events. Female body condition was positively correlated with ringed seal consumption, and negatively correlated with bearded seal consumption. This study provides insights into the complex relationships between declining sea ice habitat and the diet composition and foraging success of a wide-ranging apex predator.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; Diet ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Ice Cover ; Male ; Ursidae
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-020-04747-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: A review of statistical models used to characterize species-habitat associations with animal movement data

Florko, Katie R. N. / Togunov, Ron R. / Gryba, Rowenna / Sidrow, Evan / Ferguson, Steven H. / Yurkowski, David J. / Auger-Méthé, Marie

2024

Abstract: Understanding species-habitat associations is fundamental to ecological sciences and for species conservation. Consequently, various statistical approaches have been designed to infer species-habitat associations. Due to their conceptual and mathematical ...

Abstract	Understanding species-habitat associations is fundamental to ecological sciences and for species conservation. Consequently, various statistical approaches have been designed to infer species-habitat associations. Due to their conceptual and mathematical differences, these methods can yield contrasting results. In this paper, we describe and compare commonly used statistical models that relate animal movement data to environmental data. Specifically, we examined selection functions which include resource selection function (RSF) and step-selection function (SSF), as well as hidden Markov models (HMMs) and related methods such as state-space models. We demonstrate differences in assumptions of each method while highlighting advantages and limitations. Additionally, we provide guidance on selecting the most appropriate statistical method based on research objectives and intended inference. To demonstrate the varying ecological insights derived from each statistical model, we apply them to the movement track of a single ringed seal in a case study. For example, the RSF indicated selection of areas with high prey diversity, whereas the SSFs indicated no discernable relationship with prey diversity. Furthermore, the HMM reveals variable associations with prey diversity across different behaviors. Notably, the three models identified different important areas. This case study highlights the critical significance of selecting the appropriate model to identify species-habitat relationships and specific areas of importance. Our comprehensive review provides the foundational information required for making informed decisions when choosing the most suitable statistical methods to address specific questions, such as identifying expansive corridors or protected zones, understanding movement patterns, or studying behaviours.
Keywords	Statistics - Methodology ; Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ; Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Subject code	310 ; 333
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Drivers and consequences of apex predator diet composition in the Canadian Beaufort Sea

Florko, Katie R. N / Thiemann, Gregory W / Bromaghin, Jeffrey F

Oecologia. 2020 Oct., v. 194, no. 1-2

2020

Abstract	Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on annual sea ice as their primary habitat for hunting marine mammal prey. Given their long lifespan, wide geographic distribution, and position at the top of the Arctic marine food web, the diet composition of polar bears can provide insights into temporal and spatial ecosystem dynamics related to climate-mediated sea ice loss. Polar bears with the greatest ecological constraints on diet composition may be most vulnerable to climate-related changes in ice conditions and prey availability. We used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) to estimate the diets of polar bears (n = 419) in two western Canadian Arctic subpopulations (Northern Beaufort Sea and Southern Beaufort Sea) from 1999 to 2015. Polar bear diets were dominated by ringed seal (Pusa hispida), with interannual, seasonal, age- and sex-specific variation. Foraging area and sea ice conditions also affected polar bear diet composition. Most variation in bear diet was explained by longitude, reflecting spatial variation in prey availability. Sea ice conditions (extent, thickness, and seasonal duration) declined throughout the study period, and date of sea ice break-up in the preceding spring was positively correlated with female body condition and consumption of beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), suggesting that bears foraged on beluga whales during entrapment events. Female body condition was positively correlated with ringed seal consumption, and negatively correlated with bearded seal consumption. This study provides insights into the complex relationships between declining sea ice habitat and the diet composition and foraging success of a wide-ranging apex predator.
Keywords	Delphinapterus leucas ; Erignathus barbatus ; Pusa hispida ; Ursus maritimus ; aquatic food webs ; body condition ; diet ; fatty acids ; females ; geographical distribution ; habitats ; longevity ; longitude ; marine mammals ; sea ice ; spring ; Arctic region ; Beaufort Sea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Size	p. 51-63.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-020-04747-0
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Marine mammal biodiversity and rare narwhal (Monodon monoceros) observations near northern Ellesmere Island, Canada

Carlyle, Cody G. / Florko, Katie R. N. / Young, Brent G. / Yurkowski, David J. / Michel, Christine / Ferguson, Steven H.

Ecosphere. 2021 June, v. 12, no. 6

2021

Abstract: A climate‐driven decline of sea ice has increased international interest in understanding the ecology of seldom studied high‐Arctic regions projected to retain the last remnants of summer sea ice. Arctic marine mammals are vulnerable to future ... ...

Abstract	A climate‐driven decline of sea ice has increased international interest in understanding the ecology of seldom studied high‐Arctic regions projected to retain the last remnants of summer sea ice. Arctic marine mammals are vulnerable to future environmental change due to their high dependence on sea ice. We completed aerial surveys in August 2019 to document the occurrence and location of marine mammals within the recently designated Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area which acts as a last refuge for ice‐associated species. We present photographic evidence of narwhals (Monodon monoceros), Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus), bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), and ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Archer Fjord, northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada (81°14′–81°49′ N). We discuss these observations in the context of historical records and more recent opportunistic sightings from the region to support the hypothesis of an expansion north of the currently accepted range of narwhal. The diversity and number of observations of marine mammals in Archer Fjord is a striking contrast to the relative scarcity of the rest of the surveyed region, with very few observations of ringed seals throughout the more northerly study area. Our observations highlight opportunities to further explore high‐latitude areas that may host unique marine mammal biodiversity in the region, including narwhal.
Keywords	Erignathus barbatus ; Monodon monoceros ; Odobenus rosmarus ; Pusa hispida ; biodiversity ; latitude ; marine mammals ; marine protected areas ; sea ice ; summer ; Arctic region ; Nunavut
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2572257-8
ISSN	2150-8925
ISSN	2150-8925
DOI	10.1002/ecs2.3534
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) detection by infrared flukeprints from aerial survey imagery

Florko, Katie R. N. / Carlyle, Cody G. / Young, Brent G. / Yurkowski, David J. / Michel, Christine / Ferguson, Steven H.

Ecosphere. 2021 Aug., v. 12, no. 8

2021

Abstract: Visual and observer aerial surveys are important for monitoring wildlife populations but are subject to visibility biases where animals may go undetected. The use of infrared technology in aerial surveys has the potential to reduce visibility biases, ... ...

Abstract	Visual and observer aerial surveys are important for monitoring wildlife populations but are subject to visibility biases where animals may go undetected. The use of infrared technology in aerial surveys has the potential to reduce visibility biases, both when recording data and in the retrospective processing of the footage, and thus complements visible wavelength photography. We used infrared video during marine mammal surveys in the high‐Arctic and indirectly detected narwhal (Monodon monoceros) via their thermal flukeprints (i.e., thermo‐stratified water mixing from fluke strokes). This novel indicator persisted for a longer duration than when the animal was at the water's surface, which likely improved the probability of an animal being observed by increasing the duration of its detectability. Using infrared to complement aerial photographic surveys may assist in monitoring whales, especially in remote areas. Our results highlight how infrared technology may be used to develop automatic detection and remote‐monitoring methodology.
Keywords	Monodon monoceros ; aerial surveys ; automatic detection ; flukes ; photography ; probability ; wavelengths ; wildlife
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2572257-8
ISSN	2150-8925
ISSN	2150-8925
DOI	10.1002/ecs2.3698
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Linking movement and dive data to prey distribution models: new insights in foraging behaviour and potential pitfalls of movement analyses.

Florko, Katie R N / Shuert, Courtney R / Cheung, William W L / Ferguson, Steven H / Jonsen, Ian D / Rosen, David A S / Sumaila, U Rashid / Tai, Travis C / Yurkowski, David J / Auger-Méthé, Marie

Movement ecology

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 17

Abstract: Background: Animal movement data are regularly used to infer foraging behaviour and relationships to environmental characteristics, often to help identify critical habitat. To characterize foraging, movement models make a set of assumptions rooted in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Animal movement data are regularly used to infer foraging behaviour and relationships to environmental characteristics, often to help identify critical habitat. To characterize foraging, movement models make a set of assumptions rooted in theory, for example, time spent foraging in an area increases with higher prey density. Methods: We assessed the validity of these assumptions by associating horizontal movement and diving of satellite-telemetered ringed seals (Pusa hispida)-an opportunistic predator-in Hudson Bay, Canada, to modelled prey data and environmental proxies. Results: Modelled prey biomass data performed better than their environmental proxies (e.g., sea surface temperature) for explaining seal movement; however movement was not related to foraging effort. Counter to theory, seals appeared to forage more in areas with relatively lower prey diversity and biomass, potentially due to reduced foraging efficiency in those areas. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need to validate movement analyses with prey data to effectively estimate the relationship between prey availability and foraging behaviour.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2724975-X
ISSN	2051-3933
ISSN	2051-3933
DOI	10.1186/s40462-023-00377-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Predicting how climate change threatens the prey base of Arctic marine predators.

Florko, Katie R N / Tai, Travis C / Cheung, William W L / Ferguson, Steven H / Sumaila, U Rashid / Yurkowski, David J / Auger-Méthé, Marie

Ecology letters

2021 Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) 2563–2575

Abstract: Arctic sea ice loss has direct consequences for predators. Climate-driven distribution shifts of native and invasive prey species may exacerbate these consequences. We assessed potential changes by modelling the prey base of a widely distributed Arctic ... ...

Abstract	Arctic sea ice loss has direct consequences for predators. Climate-driven distribution shifts of native and invasive prey species may exacerbate these consequences. We assessed potential changes by modelling the prey base of a widely distributed Arctic predator (ringed seal; Pusa hispida) in a sentinel area for change (Hudson Bay) under high- and low-greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 1950 to 2100. All changes were relatively negligible under the low-emission scenario, but under the high-emission scenario, we projected a 50% decline in the abundance of the well-distributed, ice-adapted and energy-rich Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and an increase in the abundance of smaller temperate-associated fish in southern and coastal areas. Furthermore, our model predicted that all fish species declined in mean body size, but a 29% increase in total prey biomass. Declines in energy-rich prey and restrictions in their spatial range are likely to have cascading effects on Arctic predators.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Climate Change ; Fishes ; Ice Cover ; Seals, Earless
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.13866
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Predicting how climate change threatens the prey base of Arctic marine predators

Florko, Katie R. N. / Tai, Travis C. / Cheung, William W. L. / Ferguson, Steven H. / Sumaila, U. Rashid / Yurkowski, David J. / Auger‐Méthé, Marie

Ecology letters. 2021 Dec., v. 24, no. 12

2021

Abstract: Arctic sea ice loss has direct consequences for predators. Climate‐driven distribution shifts of native and invasive prey species may exacerbate these consequences. We assessed potential changes by modelling the prey base of a widely distributed Arctic ... ...

Abstract	Arctic sea ice loss has direct consequences for predators. Climate‐driven distribution shifts of native and invasive prey species may exacerbate these consequences. We assessed potential changes by modelling the prey base of a widely distributed Arctic predator (ringed seal; Pusa hispida) in a sentinel area for change (Hudson Bay) under high‐ and low‐greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 1950 to 2100. All changes were relatively negligible under the low‐emission scenario, but under the high‐emission scenario, we projected a 50% decline in the abundance of the well‐distributed, ice‐adapted and energy‐rich Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and an increase in the abundance of smaller temperate‐associated fish in southern and coastal areas. Furthermore, our model predicted that all fish species declined in mean body size, but a 29% increase in total prey biomass. Declines in energy‐rich prey and restrictions in their spatial range are likely to have cascading effects on Arctic predators.
Keywords	Boreogadus saida ; Pusa hispida ; biomass ; body size ; climate change ; fish ; models ; prey species ; sea ice ; Arctic Ocean ; Arctic region ; Hudson Bay
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 2563-2575.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	LETTER
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.13866
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A 23-Year-Old Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) Record From Southwest Saskatchewan, Canada

Florko, Katie R.N. / Bohn, Shelby J / Kalcounis-Rueppell, Matina C / Brigham, Robert Mark

Northwestern naturalist. 2017 Mar., v. 98, no. 1 p.57-59

2017

Abstract: After accounting for body size, bats have the longest lifespan of all mammals. Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) are one of the most common and widely distributed mammals in Canada; however, little is known of their longevity. We captured bats in ... ...

Abstract	After accounting for body size, bats have the longest lifespan of all mammals. Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) are one of the most common and widely distributed mammals in Canada; however, little is known of their longevity. We captured bats in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park, Saskatchewan in May 2015, as part of long-term bat research in the Park that began in 1991. On 31 May 2015, we captured 16 female Little Brown Bats in a maternity colony, including a bat that was originally captured and banded as an adult in 1993. This capture record indicates that the female bat was at least 23 y old and this record represents the oldest bat record in Saskatchewan. Little Brown Bats in eastern North America have declined dramatically due to white-nose syndrome, a fungal disease responsible for the quickest wildlife die-off in history. Pre-infection natural history data for Little Brown Bats are important as the disease spreads through central Canada.
Keywords	Myotis lucifugus ; adults ; body size ; die-off ; females ; fungi ; longevity ; mammals ; natural history ; white-nose syndrome ; wildlife ; Saskatchewan ; Chiroptera ; Cypress Hills ; Little Brown Bat ; Longevity ; Maternity colony ; southwest Saskatchewan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. 57-59.
Publishing place	Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2175232-1
ISSN	1051-1733
ISSN	1051-1733
DOI	10.1898/NWN16-19.1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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