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Article: Microstructural features of subchondral radiolucent lesions in the medial femoral condyle of juvenile Thoroughbreds: A microcomputed tomography and histological analysis

Lemirre, Thibeaut / Santschi, Elizabeth M. / Girard, Christiane A. / Fogarty, Ursula / Janes, Jennifer G. / Richard, Helene / Laverty, Sheila

Equine veterinary journal. 2022 May, v. 54, no. 3

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aetiology of equine medial femoral condyle (MFC) subchondral bone radiolucencies (SR) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: Characterise the microstructural structural features of MFC SR in juvenile Thoroughbreds with microcomputed tomography (μCT) and ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The aetiology of equine medial femoral condyle (MFC) subchondral bone radiolucencies (SR) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: Characterise the microstructural structural features of MFC SR in juvenile Thoroughbreds with microcomputed tomography (μCT) and histology. STUDY DESIGN: Cross‐sectional post‐mortem study. METHODS: Distal femurs were collected at post‐mortem. Conventional tomodensitometry was employed to scout for MFCs with and without SR lesions (SR+ and SR−, respectively). Group 1 were CT MFC SR+ and Group 2 age‐matched SR− controls. Both underwent μCT and histological analysis. Group 3 CT MFC SR− foals, <6 months, were selected to search for chondronecrosis. Histological sections, processed from the lesion (Group 1) and a corresponding site in Groups 2 and 3, were assessed for chondronecrosis, fibrin, fibroplasia and osteochondral separation. Group 3 sections were surveyed for chondronecrosis alone. RESULTS: A total of 178 femurs from 89 Thoroughbreds were harvested. Of these horses 19.1% (95% CI: 10.9%‐27.3%) were CT MFC SR+ (17/23; 7.46 ± 4.36 months) and met the inclusion criteria for Group 1. Group 2 included 30 CT MFC SR− specimens (5.00 ± 2.73 months) and Group 3 had 44 CT MFC SR− s (2.68 ± 1.74 months). SR were located axially in foals <7 months of age, and centrally thereafter. All SRs had areas of thickened cartilage on histology and separation at the osteochondral junction containing fibrin (acute event) and fibroplasia (chronicity) in 73.9% (17/23; 95% CI: 56%‐91.9%). In Group 1 specimens, chondronecrosis was present in 82.6% (19/23; 95% CI: 67.1%‐98.1%) but four MFC SR+ had no evidence of chondronecrosis. Chondronecrosis was not detected in the Group 3 foal MFCs. MAIN LIMITATIONS: No longitudinal follow‐up. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of chondronecrosis, pathognomic of osteochondrosis, in four MFC SR+s and in all of the CT MFC SR− foals suggests that osteochondrosis is not the cause, or the only cause, of these lesions and favours trauma as an alternate aetiological hypothesis.
Keywords	cartilage ; etiology ; fibrin ; foals ; histology ; juveniles ; micro-computed tomography ; osteochondrosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Size	p. 601-613.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	41606-x
ISSN	0425-1644
ISSN	0425-1644
DOI	10.1111/evj.13486
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Abundant osteoclasts in the subchondral bone of the juvenile Thoroughbred metacarpus suggest an important role in joint maturation.

Gilday, Rebecca / Richard, Hélène / Beauchamp, Guy / Fogarty, Ursula / Laverty, Sheila

Equine veterinary journal

2020 Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 733–742

Abstract: Background: The administration of bisphosphonate medications, which target osteoclastic-bone remodelling, to juvenile and adult racehorses is a matter of debate owing to concerns that these molecules remain bound to the bone-mineralised matrix and may ... ...

Abstract	Background: The administration of bisphosphonate medications, which target osteoclastic-bone remodelling, to juvenile and adult racehorses is a matter of debate owing to concerns that these molecules remain bound to the bone-mineralised matrix and may interfere with subsequent bone growth, adaptation to exercise and healing of bone microdamage in equine athletes. Osteoclasts participate in endochondral ossification, subchondral bone remodelling and bone repair. There is a knowledge gap on the role of equine osteoclast biology in the growth and maturation of joint surfaces and this information is important to inform judicious bisphosphonate use. Objectives: Measure and compare the osteoclast density in the subchondral bone of Thoroughbred (TB) distal third metacarpi (McIII) at different sites, varying depths from the articular surface and with age (0-84 months). Study design: Ex vivo cadaveric study. Methods: McIIIs from foals, yearlings and adults were collected, fixed in formaldehyde and stored at 4°C. Sections were cut from the lateral hemi-metacarpus, stained and scored for cartilage degeneration. Osteoclasts were counted on immunohistochemically (Cathepsin K) stained sections. Osteoclast density was compared in regions of interest (ROIs-the sagittal ridge, axial and abaxial condyle) and also at two depths (0-3 mm and 3-6 mm) into the subchondral bone below the osteochondral junction. Results: The osteoclast density was consistently highest in the subchondral cortical bone plate (0-3 mm) when compared with the deeper trabecular bone in all age groups. Furthermore, the osteoclast density was significantly higher in juvenile Thoroughbreds (foals and yearlings) within both sites in the subchondral bone when compared with adults. Main limitations: The number of specimens available for study was restricted. Conclusions: Osteoclasts are important in normal McIII epiphyseal and articular surface maturation and have a propensity to localise at the osteochondral junction and subchondral cortical bone plate zone in juvenile Thoroughbreds.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cartilage Diseases/veterinary ; Cartilage, Articular ; Horse Diseases ; Horses ; Metacarpal Bones ; Metacarpus ; Osteoclasts
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	41606-x
ISSN	2042-3306 ; 0425-1644
ISSN (online)	2042-3306
ISSN	0425-1644
DOI	10.1111/evj.13235
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Article: An investigation of

Kelly, David J / Marples, Nicola M / Byrne, Rachel L / Fogarty, Ursula / Kenny, Kevin / Cameron, Henrietta / Griffin, Denise / Holland, Celia V

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife

2022 Volume 19, Page(s) 311–316

Abstract: We investigated the relationship between the presence of helminth parasites in European badgers, and their tuberculosis (TB) status, culled as part of the bovine TB eradication programme in Ireland. Data on the worm burden or faecal egg or larval count ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the relationship between the presence of helminth parasites in European badgers, and their tuberculosis (TB) status, culled as part of the bovine TB eradication programme in Ireland. Data on the worm burden or faecal egg or larval count was available for all helminth taxa recorded. Lymph node tissue samples were taken from the badgers and tested for TB. We then explored the correlation, in full-grown badgers, between the likelihood of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.11.001
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Article: Abundant osteoclasts in the subchondral bone of the juvenile Thoroughbred metacarpus suggest an important role in joint maturation

Gilday, Rebecca / Richard, Hélène / Beauchamp, Guy / Fogarty, Ursula / Laverty, Sheila

Equine veterinary journal. 2020 Sept., v. 52, no. 5

2020

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The administration of bisphosphonate medications, which target osteoclastic‐bone remodelling, to juvenile and adult racehorses is a matter of debate owing to concerns that these molecules remain bound to the bone‐mineralised matrix and may ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The administration of bisphosphonate medications, which target osteoclastic‐bone remodelling, to juvenile and adult racehorses is a matter of debate owing to concerns that these molecules remain bound to the bone‐mineralised matrix and may interfere with subsequent bone growth, adaptation to exercise and healing of bone microdamage in equine athletes. Osteoclasts participate in endochondral ossification, subchondral bone remodelling and bone repair. There is a knowledge gap on the role of equine osteoclast biology in the growth and maturation of joint surfaces and this information is important to inform judicious bisphosphonate use. OBJECTIVES: Measure and compare the osteoclast density in the subchondral bone of Thoroughbred (TB) distal third metacarpi (McIII) at different sites, varying depths from the articular surface and with age (0‐84 months). STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo cadaveric study. METHODS: McIIIs from foals, yearlings and adults were collected, fixed in formaldehyde and stored at 4°C. Sections were cut from the lateral hemi‐metacarpus, stained and scored for cartilage degeneration. Osteoclasts were counted on immunohistochemically (Cathepsin K) stained sections. Osteoclast density was compared in regions of interest (ROIs—the sagittal ridge, axial and abaxial condyle) and also at two depths (0‐3 mm and 3‐6 mm) into the subchondral bone below the osteochondral junction. RESULTS: The osteoclast density was consistently highest in the subchondral cortical bone plate (0‐3 mm) when compared with the deeper trabecular bone in all age groups. Furthermore, the osteoclast density was significantly higher in juvenile Thoroughbreds (foals and yearlings) within both sites in the subchondral bone when compared with adults. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The number of specimens available for study was restricted. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoclasts are important in normal McIII epiphyseal and articular surface maturation and have a propensity to localise at the osteochondral junction and subchondral cortical bone plate zone in juvenile Thoroughbreds.
Keywords	Thoroughbred ; adults ; age ; athletes ; bone formation ; cartilage ; cathepsin K ; density ; exercise ; experimental design ; foals ; formaldehyde ; immunohistochemistry ; information ; juveniles ; knowledge ; metacarpus ; objectives ; osteoclasts ; racehorses ; surfaces ; yearlings
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-09
Size	p. 733-742.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	41606-x
ISSN	0425-1644
ISSN	0425-1644
DOI	10.1111/evj.13235
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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Article: Osteoclast density is not increased in bone adjacent to radiolucencies (cysts) in juvenile equine medial femoral condyles

Fortin‐Trahan, Rosalie / Lemirre, Thibaut / Santschi, Elizabeth M. / Janes, Jennifer G. / Richard, Hélène / Fogarty, Ursula / Beauchamp, Guy / Girard, Christiane A. / Laverty, Sheila

Equine veterinary journal. 2022 Sept., v. 54, no. 5

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a knowledge gap about how equine MFC subchondral radiolucencies (SR) arise and evolve. Osteoclasts are believed to have a role but have not been studied in situ. OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare osteoclast density and the ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: There is a knowledge gap about how equine MFC subchondral radiolucencies (SR) arise and evolve. Osteoclasts are believed to have a role but have not been studied in situ. OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare osteoclast density and the percentage of chondroclasts in healthy and MFC SR specimens from juvenile Thoroughbreds. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study. METHODS: Medial femoral condyles (MFC) from a tissue bank of equine stifles were studied. Inclusion criteria were MFCs (≤8 months old) with a computed tomography SR lesion and histological focal failure of endochondral ossification (L group). Contralateral, lesion‐free, MFCs were a control group (CC). Osteochondral slabs were cut through the lesion (L), a healthy site immediately caudal to the lesion, (internal control; IC) and the contralateral, site‐matched controls (CC). Histological sections were immunostained with Cathepsin K for osteoclast counting. Osteoclasts in contact with the growth cartilage (chondroclasts) were also counted. The sections were segmented into regions of interest (ROI) at different depths in the subchondral bone: ROI₁ (0‐1 mm), ROI₂ (1‐3 mm) and ROI₃ (3‐6 mm). Osteoclasts were counted and the bone area was measured in each ROI to calculate their density. Chondroclasts were counted in ROI₁. RESULTS: Sections were studied from L and IC (n = 6) and CC sites (n = 5). Osteoclast density was significantly higher in ROI₁ when compared with ROI₃ in all groups. Although higher osteoclast density was measured in ROI₁ in the L group, no significant differences were detected when compared with control ROIs. The proportion of chondroclasts in ROI₁ was lower in the L sections when compared with controls but no significant differences were detected. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Limited sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoclasts are important actors in MFC subchondral bone development, digesting both growth cartilage (chondroclasts) and bone, but the pathophysiology of early MFC SRs cannot be explained solely by an increased osteoclast presence in the subchondral bone.
Keywords	bone formation ; cartilage ; cathepsin K ; computed tomography ; histology ; horses ; juveniles ; osteoclasts ; pathophysiology ; sample size ; skeletal development ; tissue banks
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 989-998.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	41606-x
ISSN	0425-1644
ISSN	0425-1644
DOI	10.1111/evj.13530
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Microstructural features of subchondral radiolucent lesions in the medial femoral condyle of juvenile Thoroughbreds: A microcomputed tomography and histological analysis.

Lemirre, Thibeaut / Santschi, Elizabeth M / Girard, Christiane A / Fogarty, Ursula / Janes, Jennifer G / Richard, Helene / Laverty, Sheila

Equine veterinary journal

2021 Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 601–613

Abstract: Background: The aetiology of equine medial femoral condyle (MFC) subchondral bone radiolucencies (SR) is unknown.: Objectives: Characterise the microstructural structural features of MFC SR in juvenile Thoroughbreds with microcomputed tomography (μCT) ...

Abstract	Background: The aetiology of equine medial femoral condyle (MFC) subchondral bone radiolucencies (SR) is unknown. Objectives: Characterise the microstructural structural features of MFC SR in juvenile Thoroughbreds with microcomputed tomography (μCT) and histology. Study design: Cross-sectional post-mortem study. Methods: Distal femurs were collected at post-mortem. Conventional tomodensitometry was employed to scout for MFCs with and without SR lesions (SR+ and SR-, respectively). Group 1 were CT MFC SR+ and Group 2 age-matched SR- controls. Both underwent μCT and histological analysis. Group 3 CT MFC SR- foals, <6 months, were selected to search for chondronecrosis. Histological sections, processed from the lesion (Group 1) and a corresponding site in Groups 2 and 3, were assessed for chondronecrosis, fibrin, fibroplasia and osteochondral separation. Group 3 sections were surveyed for chondronecrosis alone. Results: A total of 178 femurs from 89 Thoroughbreds were harvested. Of these horses 19.1% (95% CI: 10.9%-27.3%) were CT MFC SR+ (17/23; 7.46 ± 4.36 months) and met the inclusion criteria for Group 1. Group 2 included 30 CT MFC SR- specimens (5.00 ± 2.73 months) and Group 3 had 44 CT MFC SR- s (2.68 ± 1.74 months). SR were located axially in foals <7 months of age, and centrally thereafter. All SRs had areas of thickened cartilage on histology and separation at the osteochondral junction containing fibrin (acute event) and fibroplasia (chronicity) in 73.9% (17/23; 95% CI: 56%-91.9%). In Group 1 specimens, chondronecrosis was present in 82.6% (19/23; 95% CI: 67.1%-98.1%) but four MFC SR+ had no evidence of chondronecrosis. Chondronecrosis was not detected in the Group 3 foal MFCs. Main limitations: No longitudinal follow-up. Conclusions: The absence of chondronecrosis, pathognomic of osteochondrosis, in four MFC SR+s and in all of the CT MFC SR- foals suggests that osteochondrosis is not the cause, or the only cause, of these lesions and favours trauma as an alternate aetiological hypothesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cartilage, Articular/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epiphyses ; Femur/diagnostic imaging ; Fibrin ; Horse Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Horse Diseases/pathology ; Horses ; Osteochondrosis/veterinary ; X-Ray Microtomography
Chemical Substances	Fibrin (9001-31-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	41606-x
ISSN	2042-3306 ; 0425-1644
ISSN (online)	2042-3306
ISSN	0425-1644
DOI	10.1111/evj.13486
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: International Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Rhodococcus equi.

Val-Calvo, Jorge / Darcy, Jane / Gibbons, James / Creighton, Alan / Egan, Claire / Buckley, Thomas / Schmalenberger, Achim / Fogarty, Ursula / Scortti, Mariela / Vázquez-Boland, José A

Emerging infectious diseases

2022 Volume 28, Issue 9, Page(s) 1899–1903

Abstract: A multidrug-resistant clone of the animal and human pathogen Rhodococcus equi, MDR-RE 2287, has been circulating among equine farms in the United States since the 2000s. We report the detection of MDR-RE 2287 outside the United States. Our finding ... ...

Abstract	A multidrug-resistant clone of the animal and human pathogen Rhodococcus equi, MDR-RE 2287, has been circulating among equine farms in the United States since the 2000s. We report the detection of MDR-RE 2287 outside the United States. Our finding highlights the risk for MDR-RE spreading internationally with horse movements.
MeSH term(s)	Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy ; Actinomycetales Infections/epidemiology ; Actinomycetales Infections/veterinary ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology ; Horses ; Humans ; Macrolides ; Rhodococcus equi/genetics ; Rifampin ; United States
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Macrolides ; Rifampin (VJT6J7R4TR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2809.220222
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 4778: Show issues

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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: A comparison of helminth infections as assessed through coprological analysis and adult worm burdens in a wild host

Byrne, Rachel L / Fogarty, Ursula / Mooney, Andrew / Marples, Nicola M / Holland, Celia V

International journal for parasitology. 2018 Dec., v. 7, no. 3

2018

Abstract: Coprological analysis is the most widely used diagnostic tool for helminth infection in both domestic and wild mammals. Evaluation of the efficacy of this technique is rare, due to the lack of availability of adult worm burden. Where information is ... ...

Abstract	Coprological analysis is the most widely used diagnostic tool for helminth infection in both domestic and wild mammals. Evaluation of the efficacy of this technique is rare, due to the lack of availability of adult worm burden. Where information is available the majority of studies are in small ruminants and seldom in a wild host. This study of 289 wild badgers is the first to report the relationship between faecal egg/larval counts and adult worm burden in badgers whilst also evaluating the reliability of coprological analysis as a diagnostic tool for hookworm (Uncinaria criniformis) and lungworm (Aelurostrongylus falciformis) infection. The prevalence of hookworm and lungworm infection, as assessed through adult worm burden was 59.2% and 20.8% respectively. For both species of helminth, infection was consistently under-reported by coprological analysis compared to adult worm burden with a reported 41% sensitivity for hookworm and 10% for lungworm. A significant positive relationship was found between faecal counts and adult worm burden for both species of helminths. Additionally the density –dependent relationship often reported in helminth infection appears to be weak or non-existent in this study, up to the observed worm intensity of 500.
Keywords	Aelurostrongylus ; Uncinaria ; adults ; badgers ; diagnostic techniques ; eggs ; helminthiasis ; hookworms ; larvae ; lungworms ; small ruminants
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 439-444.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.11.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effects of

Tsai, Ming-Shan / Fogarty, Ursula / Byrne, Andrew W / O'Keeffe, James / Newman, Chris / Macdonald, David W / Buesching, Christina D

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 9, Issue 9

Abstract: Reactivation of latent Gammaherpesvirus in the genital tract can lead to reproductive failure in domestic animals. Nevertheless, this pathophysiology has not received formal study in wild mammals. High prevalence ... ...

Abstract	Reactivation of latent Gammaherpesvirus in the genital tract can lead to reproductive failure in domestic animals. Nevertheless, this pathophysiology has not received formal study in wild mammals. High prevalence of
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens9090769
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A comparison of helminth infections as assessed through coprological analysis and adult worm burdens in a wild host.

Byrne, Rachel L / Fogarty, Ursula / Mooney, Andrew / Marples, Nicola M / Holland, Celia V

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife

2018 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 439–444

Abstract	Coprological analysis is the most widely used diagnostic tool for helminth infection in both domestic and wild mammals. Evaluation of the efficacy of this technique is rare, due to the lack of availability of adult worm burden. Where information is available the majority of studies are in small ruminants and seldom in a wild host. This study of 289 wild badgers is the first to report the relationship between faecal egg/larval counts and adult worm burden in badgers whilst also evaluating the reliability of coprological analysis as a diagnostic tool for hookworm (
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.11.003
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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