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Article ; Online: The role of autophagy in hypoxia-induced radioresistance.

Hill, Rhianna Mae / Fok, Matthew / Grundy, Gabrielle / Parsons, Jason Luke / Rocha, Sonia

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

2023 Volume 189, Page(s) 109951

Abstract: Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment modality against cancer, and although survival rates are increasing, radioresistant properties of tumours remain a significant barrier for curative treatment. Tumour hypoxia is one of the main contributors to ... ...

Abstract	Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment modality against cancer, and although survival rates are increasing, radioresistant properties of tumours remain a significant barrier for curative treatment. Tumour hypoxia is one of the main contributors to radioresistance and is common in most solid tumours. Hypoxia is responsible for many molecular changes within the cell which helps tumours to survive under such challenging conditions. These hypoxia-induced molecular changes are predominantly coordinated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and have been linked with the ability to confer resistance to radiation-induced cell death. To overcome this obstacle research has been directed towards autophagy, a cellular process involved in self degradation and recycling of macromolecules, as HIF plays a large role in its coordination under hypoxic conditions. The role that autophagy has following radiotherapy treatment is conflicted with evidence of both cytoprotective and cytotoxic effects. This literature review aims to explore the intricate relationship between radiotherapy, hypoxia, and autophagy in the context of cancer treatment. It provides valuable insights into the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy to improve the response of hypoxic tumours to radiotherapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Radiation Tolerance ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Hypoxia ; Cell Hypoxia ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
Chemical Substances	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605646-5
ISSN	1879-0887 ; 0167-8140
ISSN (online)	1879-0887
ISSN	0167-8140
DOI	10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109951
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Zs.A 1926: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Risk of tumour seeding in patients with liver lesions undergoing biopsy with or without concurrent ablation: meta-analysis.

Maducolil, Jeremy E / Girgis, Stephanie / Mustafa, Mohammad A / Gittens, Jayden / Fok, Matthew / Mahapatra, Sunanda / Vimalachandran, Dale / Jones, Robert

BJS open

2024 Volume 8, Issue 3

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neoplasm Seeding ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Biopsy/adverse effects ; Liver/pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ISSN	2474-9842
ISSN (online)	2474-9842
DOI	10.1093/bjsopen/zrae050
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Article ; Online: Which is the Optimal Frozen Elephant Trunk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes in 2161 Patients Undergoing Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery Using E-vita OPEN PLUS Hybrid Stent Graft versus Thoraflex™ Hybrid Prosthesis.

Harky, Amer / Fok, Matthew / Bashir, Mohamad

Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery

2020 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 427–436

Abstract: Objective: To systematically review the rate of morbidity and mortality associated with the use of E-vita hybrid stent graft and ThoraflexTM in patients undergoing complex aortic surgery.: Methods: A comprehensive search was undertaken among the four ...

Abstract	Objective: To systematically review the rate of morbidity and mortality associated with the use of E-vita hybrid stent graft and ThoraflexTM in patients undergoing complex aortic surgery. Methods: A comprehensive search was undertaken among the four major databases to identify published data about E-vita or Thoraflex™ in patients undergoing repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Results: In total, 28 papers were included in the study, encompassing a total of 2,161 patients (1,919 E-vita and 242 Thoraflex™). Patients undergoing surgery with E-vita or Thoraflex™ were of similar age and sex. The number of patients undergoing non-elective repair with Thoraflex™ was higher than with E-vita (35.2% vs. 28.7%, respectively). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was associated with increasing mortality in E-vita patients, however a meta-analysis of proportions showed higher 30-day mortality, permanent neurological deficit, and one-year mortality for Thoraflex™ patients. Direct statistical comparisons between E-vita and Thoraflex™ was not possible due to heterogeneity of studies. Conclusion: Although there are limited studies available, the available data suggests that mortality and morbidity are lower for the E-vita device in thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery than for Thoraflex™. Long-term data of comparative studies do not yet exist to assess viability of these procedures.
MeSH term(s)	Aorta, Thoracic/surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2183753-3
ISSN	1678-9741 ; 0102-7638
ISSN (online)	1678-9741
ISSN	0102-7638
DOI	10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0220
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Article: Current Controversies in Large-Vessel Inflammatory Vasculitis and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Disease.

Harky, Amer / Fok, Matthew / Howard, Callum / Bashir, Mohamad

The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc

2019 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 215–225

Abstract: Large-vessel vasculitis encompasses the spectrum of vasculitides, which pathologically cause chronic granulomatous inflammatory changes, primarily in the aorta and its major branches. These patients are at risk of developing life-threatening aortic ... ...

Abstract	Large-vessel vasculitis encompasses the spectrum of vasculitides, which pathologically cause chronic granulomatous inflammatory changes, primarily in the aorta and its major branches. These patients are at risk of developing life-threatening aortic lesions that, without recognition and prompt treatment, can cause detrimental effects. Many provocative issues surrounding large-vessel vasculitis and its surgical treatment still remain, spanning from recognition to management. In this review, we discuss the main large-vessel vasculitides, Takayasu's arteritis and giant cell arteritis. We include the key points and current controversies surrounding diagnostic imaging, timing of interventions, and patient outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1144390-x
ISSN	1061-1711
ISSN	1061-1711
DOI	10.1055/s-0039-1692448
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Article ; Online: Proton beam therapy in rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fok, Matthew / Toh, Steven / Easow, Jeremy / Fowler, Hayley / Clifford, Rachael / Parsons, Jason / Vimalachandran, Dale

Surgical oncology

2021 Volume 38, Page(s) 101638

Abstract: Introduction: Locally advanced rectal cancer is often treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Radiotherapy carries significant risk of toxicity to organs at risk (OAR). Proton beam therapy (PBT) has demonstrated to be effective in other ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Locally advanced rectal cancer is often treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Radiotherapy carries significant risk of toxicity to organs at risk (OAR). Proton beam therapy (PBT) has demonstrated to be effective in other cancers, delivering equivalent dosimetric radiation but with the benefit of improved sparing of OAR. This review compares dosimetric irradiation of OAR and oncological outcomes for PBT versus conventional photon-based radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: An electronic literature search was performed for studies with comparative cohorts receiving proton beam therapy and photon-based radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Results: Eight articles with a total of 127 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was significantly less irradiated small bowel with PBT compared to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (MD -17.01, CI [-24.06, -9.96], p < 0.00001 and MD -6.96, CI [-12.99, -0.94], p = 0.02, respectively). Similar dosimetric results were observed for bladder and pelvic bone marrow. Three studies reported clinical and oncological results for PBT in recurrent rectal cancer with overall survival reported as 43 %, 68 % and 77.2 %, and one study in primary rectal cancer with 100 % disease free survival. Conclusion: PBT treatment plans revealed significantly less irradiation of OAR for rectal cancer compared to conventional photon-based radiotherapy. Trials for recurrent rectal cancer and PBT have shown promising results. There are currently no ongoing clinical trials for primary rectal cancer and PBT. More research is required to validate its potential role in dose escalation, higher complete response rate and organ preservation without increasing toxicity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Proton Therapy ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Rectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	1107810-8
ISSN	1879-3320 ; 0960-7404
ISSN (online)	1879-3320
ISSN	0960-7404
DOI	10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101638
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Zs.A 3409: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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Article ; Online: Pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis: Implications for disease classification and future therapies.

Harky, Amer / Fok, Matthew / Balmforth, Damian / Bashir, Mohamad

Vascular medicine (London, England)

2018 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–88

Abstract: Despite being recognised over a century ago, the aetiology and pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) still remains elusive. Takayasu's arteritis (TA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) represent the two major categories of LVV, each with distinctive ... ...

Abstract	Despite being recognised over a century ago, the aetiology and pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) still remains elusive. Takayasu's arteritis (TA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) represent the two major categories of LVV, each with distinctive clinical features. Over the last 10 years an increased understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the inflammatory cascade within the aortic wall has revived the view that LVVs may represent subtypes of the same pathological process, with implications in the treatment of this disease. In this review, the histological, genetic and immunopathological features of TA and GCA will be discussed and the evidence for a common underlying disease mechanism examined. Novel markers of disease activity and therapies based on advances in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of these conditions will also be discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Arteries/immunology ; Arteries/metabolism ; Arteries/pathology ; Autoimmunity ; Biomarkers/blood ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Vasculitis/diagnosis ; Vasculitis/etiology ; Vasculitis/genetics ; Vasculitis/therapy
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1311628-9
ISSN	1477-0377 ; 1358-863X
ISSN (online)	1477-0377
ISSN	1358-863X
DOI	10.1177/1358863X18802989
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Zs.A 4409: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Impact on blood loss and transfusion rates following administration of tranexamic acid in major oncological abdominal and pelvic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fowler, Hayley / Law, Jennifer / Tham, Su Ming / Gunaravi, Sisyena A / Houghton, Neil / Clifford, Rachael E / Fok, Matthew / Barker, Jonathan A / Vimalachandran, Dale

Journal of surgical oncology

2022 Volume 126, Issue 3, Page(s) 609–621

Abstract: Background and objectives: Major bleeding and receiving blood products in cancer surgery are associated with increased postoperative complications and worse outcomes. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss and improves outcomes in various surgical ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Major bleeding and receiving blood products in cancer surgery are associated with increased postoperative complications and worse outcomes. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss and improves outcomes in various surgical specialities. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate TXA use on blood loss in elective abdominal and pelvic cancer surgery. Methods: A literature search was performed for studies comparing intravenous TXA versus placebo/no TXA in patients undergoing major elective abdominal or pelvic cancer surgery. Results: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 723 patients who received TXA and 659 controls. Patients receiving TXA were less likely to receive a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (p < 0.001, OR 0.4 95% CI [0.25, 0.63]) and experienced less blood loss (p < 0.001, MD -197.8 ml, 95% CI [-275.69, -119.84]). The TXA group experienced a smaller reduction in haemoglobin (p = 0.001, MD -0.45 mmol/L, 95% CI [-0.73, -0.18]). There was no difference in venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates (p = 0.95, OR 0.98, 95% CI [0.46, 2.08]). Conclusions: TXA use reduced blood loss and RBC transfusion requirements perioperatively, with no significant increased risk of VTE. However, further studies are required to assess its benefit for cancer surgery in some sub-specialities.
MeSH term(s)	Antifibrinolytic Agents ; Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pelvic Neoplasms/surgery ; Tranexamic Acid ; Venous Thromboembolism
Chemical Substances	Antifibrinolytic Agents ; Tranexamic Acid (6T84R30KC1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	82063-5
ISSN	1096-9098 ; 0022-4790
ISSN (online)	1096-9098
ISSN	0022-4790
DOI	10.1002/jso.26900
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Outcomes after Transverse-Incision 'Mini' Carotid Endarterectomy and Patch-Plasty.

Sinha, Sidhartha / Fok, Matthew / Goh, Aaron / Gadhvi, Vijay M

Vascular specialist international

2019 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 137–144

Abstract: Purpose: Traditional exposure for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) involves making a longitudinal incision parallel to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. Such incisions can be painful, aesthetically displeasing, and associated with a high ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Traditional exposure for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) involves making a longitudinal incision parallel to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. Such incisions can be painful, aesthetically displeasing, and associated with a high incidence of cranial nerve injury (CNI). This study describes the outcomes of CEA performed through small (<5 cm long), transversely oriented incisions located directly over the carotid bifurcation, as identified by color-enhanced Duplex ultrasound. Materials and methods: Patient demographics and operative data were collected retrospectively from an in-house database of consecutive vascular patients undergoing CEA with a small transversely oriented incision for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenoses. Results: A total of 52 consecutive patients underwent CEA between 2012 and 2016 (median age, 73.5 years; interquartile range, 67-80.3; male/female ratio, 40:12). CEA was performed under regional/local anesthesia (LA) in 48 (92.3%) patients, with 4 (7.7%) being performed under general anesthesia. One patient under LA experienced neurological dysfunction intraoperatively (manifesting as an inability to count out loud) that resolved with insertion of shunt. One patient experienced a transient neurological event (expressive dysphasia) within the immediate postoperative period, which resolved within 6 hours. No in-hospital death or perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events were noted. No persistent CNIs nor bleeding complications necessitating re-exploration were reported. Follow-up data were available for a median period of 3.1 years and for all patients. Three patients experienced strokes following discharge (2 strokes contralateral to and 1 transient ischemic attack ipsilateral to the operated side). Conclusion: Small, transversely orientated incisions, hidden within a neck skin crease can be safely performed in the majority of patients undergoing CEA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-30
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2288-7970
ISSN	2288-7970
DOI	10.5758/vsi.2019.35.3.137
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Article ; Online: Enhancing radiotherapy outcomes in rectal cancer: A systematic review of targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance.

Fok, Matthew / Hill, Rhianna / Fowler, Hayley / Clifford, Rachael / Kler, Aaron / Uzzi-Daniel, Jayanma / Rocha, Sonia / Grundy, Gabrielle / Parsons, Jason / Vimalachandran, Dale

Clinical and translational radiation oncology

2023 Volume 44, Page(s) 100695

Abstract: Introduction: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is successfully used in rectal cancer to improve overall survival. However, treatment response is both unpredictable and variable. There is strong evidence to show that the phenomenon of tumour hypoxia is ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is successfully used in rectal cancer to improve overall survival. However, treatment response is both unpredictable and variable. There is strong evidence to show that the phenomenon of tumour hypoxia is associated with radioresistance, however the mechanism(s) behind this are poorly understood. Consequently, there have only been a small number of studies evaluating methods targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance in rectal cancer and provide recommendations for future research in this area. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. This study was registered on the Prospero database (CRD42023441983). Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies identified were Discussion: The importance of investigating hypoxia-induced radioresistance in rectal cancer is crucial. However, to date, only a small number of preclinical studies exist evaluating this phenomenon. This systematic review highlights the importance of further research to fully understand the mechanism behind this radioresistance. There are promising targets identified in this systematic review however, substantially more pre-clinical and clinical research as a priority for future research is needed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-28
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6308
ISSN (online)	2405-6308
DOI	10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100695
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Article: Current Controversies in Large-Vessel Inflammatory Vasculitis and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Disease

Harky, Amer / Fok, Matthew / Howard, Callum / Bashir, Mohamad

International Journal of Angiology

2019 Volume 28, Issue 04, Page(s) 215–225

Abstract	Large-vessel vasculitis encompasses the spectrum of vasculitides, which pathologically cause chronic granulomatous inflammatory changes, primarily in the aorta and its major branches. These patients are at risk of developing life-threatening aortic lesions that, without recognition and prompt treatment, can cause detrimental effects. Many provocative issues surrounding large-vessel vasculitis and its surgical treatment still remain, spanning from recognition to management. In this review, we discuss the main large-vessel vasculitides, Takayasu's arteritis and giant cell arteritis. We include the key points and current controversies surrounding diagnostic imaging, timing of interventions, and patient outcomes.
Keywords	large vessel ; vasculitis ; thoracic aortic disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-28
Publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1144390-x
ISSN	1615-5939 ; 1061-1711
ISSN (online)	1615-5939
ISSN	1061-1711
DOI	10.1055/s-0039-1692448
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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