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  1. Article ; Online: Anesthesia preoperative clinics: redefining the value proposition.

    Fong, Robert

    International anesthesiology clinics

    2021  Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 59–72

    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia ; Anesthesiology ; Humans ; Preoperative Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 210757-0
    ISSN 1537-1913 ; 0020-5907
    ISSN (online) 1537-1913
    ISSN 0020-5907
    DOI 10.1097/AIA.0000000000000341
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  2. Article: Medical student attitudes and perceptions of psychedelic-assisted therapies.

    Li, Irene / Fong, Rodney / Hagen, Molly / Tabaac, Burton

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1190507

    Abstract: Introduction: Although certain psychedelic agents may soon gain federal approval for use in treating specific psychiatric conditions, the utilization of such therapies in clinical practice will depend largely on the attitudes of healthcare providers. ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Although certain psychedelic agents may soon gain federal approval for use in treating specific psychiatric conditions, the utilization of such therapies in clinical practice will depend largely on the attitudes of healthcare providers. Therefore, this study assesses the current attitudes, knowledge, exposure, and acceptance of psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapies amongst medical students.
    Methods: In fall semester of 2022, surveys were emailed to 580 medical students attending medical institutions in the state of Nevada in the United States. Utilizing knowledge and attitude items from previously published studies, the survey collected demographic data and assessed student attitudes with five-point Likert-scale variables. Data was analyzed using summary statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in mean survey scores (i.e., attitudes towards psychedelics) based on demographic factors.
    Results: 132 medical students participated in the survey (22.7% response rate). Medical students demonstrated overall positive attitudes towards psychedelics, lack of knowledge regarding psychedelics, and uncertainty towards neurocognitive risks of psychedelics. Overall, 78.6% of students agreed that psychedelics have therapeutic potential, while 95.2% agreed that psychedelics deserves further research in assessing this potential. Additionally, there was no statistically significant effect of demographic variables, including age, sex, and level of training, on attitudes.
    Discussion: Although students are overall curious and optimistic about psychedelics, they demonstrate a lack of knowledge regarding recent research efforts. As the field of psychiatry prepares to implement psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapies, education and awareness of such agents should be initiated early on in medical clinical training.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1190507
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  3. Article ; Online: Towards a potent and rapidly reversible Dexmedetomidine-based general anesthetic.

    Xie, Zheng / Fong, Robert / Fox, Aaron P

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 9, Page(s) e0291827

    Abstract: In conclusion: Our results suggest that Dex supplemented with a low dose of a second agent creates a potent anesthetic that is rapidly reversed by atipamezole and caffeine. ...

    Abstract In conclusion: Our results suggest that Dex supplemented with a low dose of a second agent creates a potent anesthetic that is rapidly reversed by atipamezole and caffeine.
    MeSH term(s) Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, General
    Chemical Substances Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO) ; Anesthetics, General
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0291827
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  4. Article ; Online: Black fungus: gastrointestinal invasive mucormycosis causing small bowel perforation, gastric and peristomal ulceration.

    Watson, Matthew / Fong, Rebecca / Schoemaker, David / Due, Steven

    ANZ journal of surgery

    2023  Volume 94, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 252–253

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mucormycosis/complications ; Mucormycosis/diagnosis ; Intestinal Perforation/etiology ; Stomach ; Fungi
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2050749-5
    ISSN 1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    ISSN (online) 1445-2197
    ISSN 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
    DOI 10.1111/ans.18716
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 180: Show issues Location:
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  5. Book ; Online: Interactive Visual Feature Search

    Ulrich, Devon / Fong, Ruth

    2022  

    Abstract: Many visualization techniques have been created to explain the behavior of computer vision models, but they largely consist of static diagrams that convey limited information. Interactive visualizations allow users to more easily interpret a model's ... ...

    Abstract Many visualization techniques have been created to explain the behavior of computer vision models, but they largely consist of static diagrams that convey limited information. Interactive visualizations allow users to more easily interpret a model's behavior, but most are not easily reusable for new models. We introduce Visual Feature Search, a novel interactive visualization that is adaptable to any CNN and can easily be incorporated into a researcher's workflow. Our tool allows a user to highlight an image region and search for images from a given dataset with the most similar model features. We demonstrate how our tool elucidates different aspects of model behavior by performing experiments on a range of applications, such as in medical imaging and wildlife classification.

    Comment: NeurIPS XAI in Action Workshop 2023
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Publishing date 2022-11-27
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  6. Article ; Conference proceedings: An In Vitro Pilot Study Investigating the Effect of Activated Autogenous Platelet-Rich Plasma (ALP-PRP) on Osteogenic Differentiation of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

    Miranda, C.A. / Nino-Fong, R. / Elce, Y. / Montelpare, W.J. / McDuffee, L.A.

    Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 05

    Event/congress Abstracts of the 50th Annual Conference of the Veterinary Orthopedic Society, Big Sky, Montana, United States, 2023-03-11
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publisher Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article ; Conference proceedings
    ZDB-ID 286750-3
    ISSN 2567-6911 ; 0932-0814
    ISSN (online) 2567-6911
    ISSN 0932-0814
    DOI 10.1055/s-0043-1775673
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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    Zs.A 2352: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Caesarean birth and risk of subsequent preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study.

    Williams, C / Fong, R / Murray, S Murray / Stock, S J

    BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology

    2020  Volume 128, Issue 6, Page(s) 1020–1028

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the risk of spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth associated with mode of birth in previous term-born pregnancy.: Design: Retrospective cohort study.: Setting: Two UK maternity units.: Population or sample: A ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the risk of spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth associated with mode of birth in previous term-born pregnancy.
    Design: Retrospective cohort study.
    Setting: Two UK maternity units.
    Population or sample: A total of 16 340 women with first two consecutive singleton births and the first birth at term.
    Methods: Retrospective cohort study using routinely collected clinical data.
    Main outcome measures: Incidence of spontaneous preterm birth and medically indicated preterm birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation after term birth, in relation to mode of birth in first pregnancy. Subgroup analysis on cervical dilatation at the time of first caesarean birth.
    Results: Compared with vaginal birth, emergency caesarean birth at full dilatation was associated with an increase in spontaneous preterm birth (2.3% vaginal birth versus 4.5% full dilatation caesarean; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.29, 95% CI 2.02-5.13, P < 0.001). Elective caesarean, emergency caesarean at <4 cm dilatation, and emergency caesarean at 4-9 cm dilatation were associated with increased medically indicated preterm birth (0.8% vaginal births versus 1.9% elective caesarean, 3.3% <4 cm caesarean, 1.3% 4-9 cm caesarean; aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.19-4.15, P = 0.009; aOR 4.68, 95% CI 2.98-7.24, P < 0.001; and aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.43-4.00, P = 0.001, respectively).
    Conclusions: Term caesarean in the first stage of labour or performed prelabour is associated with medically indicated preterm birth. Term caesarean in the second stage of labour is associated with spontaneous preterm birth.
    Tweetable abstract: Caesarean in the second stage of labour is associated with spontaneous preterm birth.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cesarean Section/adverse effects ; Cesarean Section/methods ; Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data ; Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data ; Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Labor Stage, Second ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Premature Birth/etiology ; Reproductive History ; Term Birth ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Vaginal Birth after Cesarean/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2000931-8
    ISSN 1471-0528 ; 0306-5456 ; 1470-0328
    ISSN (online) 1471-0528
    ISSN 0306-5456 ; 1470-0328
    DOI 10.1111/1471-0528.16566
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    Um I Zs.121: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: Efficacy of a Comprehensive Dysphagia Intervention Program Tailored for the Residents of Nursing Homes.

    Fong, R / Wong, S W K / Chan, J K L / Tong, M C F / Lee, K Y S

    The Journal of frailty & aging

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 156–159

    Abstract: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a widespread condition in older people and thus poses a serious health threat to the residents of nursing homes. The management of dysphagia relies mainly on compensatory strategies, such as diet and environmental modification. ...

    Abstract Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a widespread condition in older people and thus poses a serious health threat to the residents of nursing homes. The management of dysphagia relies mainly on compensatory strategies, such as diet and environmental modification. This study investigated the efficacy of an intervention program using a single-arm interventional study design. Twenty-two participants from nursing homes were included and had an average of 26 hours of intervention, including oromotor exercises, orosensory stimulation and exercises to target dysphagia and caregiver training. Four of the 22 participants exhibited improvement in functional oral intake scale (FOIS) but was not statistically significant as a group. All oromotor function parameters, including the range, strength, and coordination of movements, significantly improved. These results indicate that this intervention program could potentially improve the oromotor function, which were translated into functional improvements in some participants' recommended diets. The validity of this study could be improved further by using standardized swallowing and feeding assessment methods or an instrumental swallowing assessment.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Deglutition Disorders/therapy ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Program Evaluation ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-11
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2856228-8
    ISSN 2273-4309 ; 2260-1341
    ISSN (online) 2273-4309
    ISSN 2260-1341
    DOI 10.14283/jfa.2020.56
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  9. Article ; Online: Endoscopic and observational findings of swallowing of traditional and molded puree in healthy individuals.

    Wong, Meko Ka Lam / Ku, Peter Ka Ming / Tong, Michael Chi Fai / Lee, Kathy Yuet Sheung / Fong, Raymond

    Dysphagia

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 1363–1370

    Abstract: Puree is commonly prescribed for patients with mastication and bolus formation difficulties, but its appearance might negatively impact appetite and intake. Molded puree is marketed to be an alternative to traditional puree, but the process of molding ... ...

    Abstract Puree is commonly prescribed for patients with mastication and bolus formation difficulties, but its appearance might negatively impact appetite and intake. Molded puree is marketed to be an alternative to traditional puree, but the process of molding puree could alter the properties of the food significantly and lead to different swallowing physiology as compared to puree. The current study investigated the differences between traditional and molded puree in terms of swallowing physiology and perception in healthy individuals. Thirty two participants were included. Two outcomes were used to quantify the oral preparatory and oral phase. Fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was used to assess the pharyngeal phase as it could retain the purees in their original form. Six outcomes were collected. Perceptual rating of the purees were provided by participants in six domains. Molded puree required significantly more masticatory cycles (p < 0.001) and longer time for ingestion (p < 0.001). Molded puree had longer swallow reaction time (p = 0.001) and more inferior site of swallow initiation (p = 0.007) compared with traditional puree. Participants' satisfaction with the appearance, texture and overall of molded puree was significantly greater. Molded puree was perceived to be more difficult to chew and swallow. This study established that the two types of puree were different in various aspects. The study also provided important clinical implications regarding the use of molded puree as a form of texture modified diet (TMD) in patients with dysphagia. The results could serve as the foundation of larger cohort studies on the effect of various TMDs on patients with dysphagia.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Deglutition/physiology ; Deglutition Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology ; Endoscopy ; Food ; Pharynx
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632764-3
    ISSN 1432-0460 ; 0179-051X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0460
    ISSN 0179-051X
    DOI 10.1007/s00455-023-10565-2
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  10. Book ; Online: UFO

    Ramaswamy, Vikram V. / Kim, Sunnie S. Y. / Fong, Ruth / Russakovsky, Olga

    A unified method for controlling Understandability and Faithfulness Objectives in concept-based explanations for CNNs

    2023  

    Abstract: Concept-based explanations for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) aim to explain model behavior and outputs using a pre-defined set of semantic concepts (e.g., the model recognizes scene class ``bedroom'' based on the presence of concepts ``bed'' and `` ...

    Abstract Concept-based explanations for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) aim to explain model behavior and outputs using a pre-defined set of semantic concepts (e.g., the model recognizes scene class ``bedroom'' based on the presence of concepts ``bed'' and ``pillow''). However, they often do not faithfully (i.e., accurately) characterize the model's behavior and can be too complex for people to understand. Further, little is known about how faithful and understandable different explanation methods are, and how to control these two properties. In this work, we propose UFO, a unified method for controlling Understandability and Faithfulness Objectives in concept-based explanations. UFO formalizes understandability and faithfulness as mathematical objectives and unifies most existing concept-based explanations methods for CNNs. Using UFO, we systematically investigate how explanations change as we turn the knobs of faithfulness and understandability. Our experiments demonstrate a faithfulness-vs-understandability tradeoff: increasing understandability reduces faithfulness. We also provide insights into the ``disagreement problem'' in explainable machine learning, by analyzing when and how concept-based explanations disagree with each other.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 501
    Publishing date 2023-03-27
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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