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  1. Article ; Online: Synthesis of Functionalized Six-Membered-Ring Azahelicenes.

    Fontana, Francesca / Bertolotti, Benedetta

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 8

    Abstract: Functionalization, namely the introduction of side groups onto the molecular scaffold of a helicene, may have either the purpose of modifying the electronic properties of the parent helicene, e.g., by adding electron-withdrawing or electron-donating ... ...

    Abstract Functionalization, namely the introduction of side groups onto the molecular scaffold of a helicene, may have either the purpose of modifying the electronic properties of the parent helicene, e.g., by adding electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups, or the scope of providing the helicene with a "handle", which can be reacted to bind the molecule to another molecule or to a solid structure, such as a carbon or metal surface, or again to allow for complexation of the helicene with metal ions. The possible approaches are two-fold: the synthesis of the helicene can be performed using starting materials that already contain a side group, or the side group can be introduced after the synthesis of the parent helicene. As azahelicenes are helicenes bearing one or more nitrogen atom(s) in the molecular framework, parent azahelicenes can be functionalized on carbon atoms by exploiting the presence of the electron-withdrawing nitrogen atom. Moreover, they can be transformed into quaternary salts, whose properties are quite different from those of the parent azahelicenes in terms of the solubility and electronic properties. This review aims to provide a survey of the different synthetic methods available to attain this fascinating class of compounds.
    MeSH term(s) Carbon ; Electrons ; Nitrogen ; Stereoisomerism
    Chemical Substances Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27082522
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to the Degradation of Oxytetracycline in Water: A Review.

    Pelosato, Renato / Bolognino, Isabella / Fontana, Francesca / Sora, Isabella Natali

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 9

    Abstract: Photocatalytic processes are being studied extensively as potential advanced wastewater treatments for the removal of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other recalcitrant micropollutants from the effluents of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) ...

    Abstract Photocatalytic processes are being studied extensively as potential advanced wastewater treatments for the removal of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other recalcitrant micropollutants from the effluents of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a widespread antibiotic which is frequently detected in surface water bodies as a recalcitrant and persistent micropollutant. This review provides an update on advances in heterogeneous photocatalysis for the degradation of OTC in water under UV light, sunlight and visible-light irradiation. Photocatalysts based on pure semiconducting oxides are rarely used, due to the problem of rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs. To overcome this issue, a good strategy could be the coupling of two different semiconducting compounds with different conduction and valence bands. Several methods are described to enhance the performances of catalysts, such as doping of the oxide with metal and/or non-metal elements, surface functionalization, composites and nano-heterojunction. Furthermore, a discussion on non-oxidic photocatalysts is briefly provided, focusing on the application of graphene-based nanocomposites for the effective treatment of OTC.
    MeSH term(s) Catalysis ; Light ; Nanocomposites ; Oxytetracycline ; Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water Purification/methods
    Chemical Substances Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Oxytetracycline (X20I9EN955)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27092743
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: HPLC Enantioseparation of Rigid Chiral Probes with Central, Axial, Helical, and Planar Stereogenicity on an Amylose (3,5-Dimethylphenylcarbamate) Chiral Stationary Phase.

    Rizzo, Simona / Benincori, Tiziana / Fontana, Francesca / Pasini, Dario / Cirilli, Roberto

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 23

    Abstract: The chiral resolving ability of the commercially available amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) toward four chiral probes representative of four kinds of stereogenicity (central, axial, helical, and planar) was ... ...

    Abstract The chiral resolving ability of the commercially available amylose (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) toward four chiral probes representative of four kinds of stereogenicity (central, axial, helical, and planar) was investigated. Besides chirality, the evident structural feature of selectands is an extremely limited conformational freedom. The chiral rigid analytes were analyzed by using pure short alcohols as mobile phases at different column temperatures. The enantioselectivity was found to be suitable for all compounds investigated. This evidence confirms that the use of the amylose-based CSP in HPLC is an effective strategy for obtaining the resolution of chiral compounds containing any kind of stereogenic element. In addition, the experimental retention and enantioselectivity behavior, as well as the established enantiomer elution order of the investigated chiral analytes, may be used as key information to track essential details on the enantiorecognition mechanism of the amylose-based chiral stationary phase.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27238527
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Connexin43 in mesenchymal lineage cells regulates body adiposity and energy metabolism in mice.

    Lee, Seung-Yon / Fontana, Francesca / Sugatani, Toshifumi / Castillo, Ignacio Portales / Leanza, Giulia / Coler-Reilly, Ariella / Civitelli, Roberto

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein present in the mesenchymal lineage. In mature adipocytes, Cx43 mediates white adipose tissue (WAT) "beiging" in response to cold exposure and maintains the mitochondrial integrity of brown ... ...

    Abstract Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein present in the mesenchymal lineage. In mature adipocytes, Cx43 mediates white adipose tissue (WAT) "beiging" in response to cold exposure and maintains the mitochondrial integrity of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We found that genetic deletion of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.05.574415
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Connexin43 in mesenchymal lineage cells regulates body adiposity and energy metabolism in mice.

    Lee, Seung-Yon / Fontana, Francesca / Sugatani, Toshifumi / Portales Castillo, Ignacio / Leanza, Giulia / Coler-Reilly, Ariella / Civitelli, Roberto

    JCI insight

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 6

    Abstract: Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein present in the mesenchymal lineage. In mature adipocytes, Cx43 mediates white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging in response to cold exposure and maintains the mitochondrial integrity of brown adipose ...

    Abstract Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein present in the mesenchymal lineage. In mature adipocytes, Cx43 mediates white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging in response to cold exposure and maintains the mitochondrial integrity of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We found that genetic deletion of Gja1 (Cx43 gene) in cells that give rise to chondro-osteogenic and adipogenic precursors driven by the Dermo1/Twist2 promoter led to lower body adiposity and partial protection against the weight gain and metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in both sexes. These protective effects were related to increased locomotion, fuel utilization, energy expenditure, nonshivering thermogenesis, and better glucose tolerance in conditionally Gja1-ablated mice. Accordingly, Gja1-mutant mice exhibited reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, partially preserved insulin sensitivity, increased BAT lipolysis, and decreased whitening under HFD. This metabolic phenotype was not reproduced with more restricted Gja1 ablation in differentiated adipocytes, suggesting that Cx43 in adipocyte progenitors or other targeted cells restrains energy expenditures and promotes fat accumulation. These results reveal what we believe is a hitherto unknown action of Cx43 in adiposity, and offer a promising new pharmacologic target for improving metabolic balance in diabetes and obesity.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Mice ; Animals ; Adiposity ; Connexin 43/genetics ; Connexin 43/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism
    Chemical Substances Connexin 43
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2379-3708
    ISSN (online) 2379-3708
    DOI 10.1172/jci.insight.170016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Book ; Online: Architecture Smells vs. Concurrency Bugs

    Tamburri, Damian Andrew / Fontana, Francesca Arcelli / Roveda, Riccardo / Lenarduzzi, Valentina

    an Exploratory Study and Negative Results

    2023  

    Abstract: Technical debt occurs in many different forms across software artifacts. One such form is connected to software architectures where debt emerges in the form of structural anti-patterns across architecture elements, namely, architecture smells. As defined ...

    Abstract Technical debt occurs in many different forms across software artifacts. One such form is connected to software architectures where debt emerges in the form of structural anti-patterns across architecture elements, namely, architecture smells. As defined in the literature, ``Architecture smells are recurrent architectural decisions that negatively impact internal system quality", thus increasing technical debt. In this paper, we aim at exploring whether there exist manifestations of architectural technical debt beyond decreased code or architectural quality, namely, whether there is a relation between architecture smells (which primarily reflect structural characteristics) and the occurrence of concurrency bugs (which primarily manifest at runtime). We study 125 releases of 5 large data-intensive software systems to reveal that (1) several architecture smells may in fact indicate the presence of concurrency problems likely to manifest at runtime but (2) smells are not correlated with concurrency in general -- rather, for specific concurrency bugs they must be combined with an accompanying articulation of specific project characteristics such as project distribution. As an example, a cyclic dependency could be present in the code, but the specific execution-flow could be never executed at runtime.
    Keywords Computer Science - Software Engineering
    Subject code 720
    Publishing date 2023-03-31
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Virtual food exposure with positive mood induction or social support to reduce food anxiety in anorexia nervosa: A feasibility study.

    Natali, Ludovica / Meregalli, Valentina / Rowlands, Katie / Di Pietro, Jerome / Treasure, Janet / Collantoni, Enrico / Meneguzzo, Paolo / Tenconi, Elena / Favaro, Angela / Fontana, Francesca / Ceccato, Enrico / Sala, Alessandra / Valmaggia, Lucia / Cardi, Valentina

    The International journal of eating disorders

    2024  Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 703–715

    Abstract: Objective: Aversive emotions toward food and the consequences of eating are at the core of anorexia nervosa. Exposure therapy is effective to reduce anxiety and avoidance toward feared stimuli. Based on the inhibitory learning framework, this study ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Aversive emotions toward food and the consequences of eating are at the core of anorexia nervosa. Exposure therapy is effective to reduce anxiety and avoidance toward feared stimuli. Based on the inhibitory learning framework, this study examined the feasibility to induce social support or positive mood to enhance the impact of a single session virtual food exposure on food-related anxiety in anorexia nervosa.
    Method: One hundred and forty-five patients were randomized to: (1) virtual food exposure (i.e., baseline condition), (2) virtual food exposure plus positive mood induction (i.e., positive mood condition), or (3) virtual food exposure plus social support (i.e., social support condition). They completed self-report assessments of anxiety toward virtual foods, general anxiety, positive mood, social support, and hunger, before and after virtual food exposure. Number of eye gazes and touches toward foods were recorded during the virtual reality exposure.
    Results: Patients had lower levels of anxiety toward virtual foods in the positive mood condition, compared to the baseline condition [F
    Discussion: Virtual food exposure enhanced by positive mood induction seems a feasible approach to strengthen the impact of food exposure in anorexia nervosa.
    Public significance: This research contributes to the understanding of how patients with anorexia nervosa can be supported to overcome fear and anxiety around food. Virtual reality enables patients to expose themselves to difficult situations (e.g., kitchen with foods of various calorie contents) while experiencing positive stimuli, such as a loving and kind pet or a supportive avatar.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anorexia Nervosa/therapy ; Anorexia Nervosa/psychology ; Feasibility Studies ; Anxiety/etiology ; Anxiety/therapy ; Anxiety/psychology ; Emotions ; Social Support
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603170-5
    ISSN 1098-108X ; 0276-3478
    ISSN (online) 1098-108X
    ISSN 0276-3478
    DOI 10.1002/eat.24155
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Food-related aversion in a female sample of people with anorexia nervosa: Cognitive-behavioural correlates, somatic and subjective anxiety, and early experiences

    Simonazzi, Carolina / Natali, Ludovica / Valmaggia, Lucia / Rowlands, Katie / Meregalli, Valentina / Rabarbari, Elisa / De Luca Comandini, Agnese / Favaro, Angela / Fontana, Francesca / Treasure, Janet / Cardi, Valentina

    Appetite. 2023 Jan., v. 180 p.106366-

    2023  

    Abstract: Food-related anxiety and avoidance are key features of anorexia nervosa, and among the most arduous maintaining processes to address in treatment. This study gathered information on the behavioural and cognitive correlates of food-related anxiety, ... ...

    Abstract Food-related anxiety and avoidance are key features of anorexia nervosa, and among the most arduous maintaining processes to address in treatment. This study gathered information on the behavioural and cognitive correlates of food-related anxiety, including their associations with early experiences of aversive learning related to food, and more general anxiety. One-hundred and forty-four patients with anorexia nervosa were recruited from clinical services in Italy. They completed online questionnaires to assess food-related anxiety, eating disorder psychopathology, eating disorder safety behaviours and threat cognitions, early experience of aversive learning related to food, and somatic anxiety. Experiences of food-related aversive learning were recalled by the majority of the sample (87.86%), with negative psychological consequences following eating being the most often reported (75%). Safety behaviours and threat cognitions related to the consequences of eating were also reported (14.29%–87.86%, and 36.43–90% respectively, depending on the behaviour/cognition). Eating disorder psychopathology was predicted by both somatic anxiety and negative psychological consequences following eating, whereas self-reported food anxiety was only predicted by somatic anxiety. Findings validate an anxiety-based model of anorexia nervosa which establishes the role of safety behaviours, threat cognitions, early aversive learning experiences, and anxiety in the psychopathology of the illness. Exposure-based interventions have the potential to target these factors, and inhibit food-related fear.
    Keywords anorexia nervosa ; anxiety ; appetite ; cognition ; fearfulness ; females ; models ; people ; Italy ; Conditioning ; Eating disorders ; Learning ; Threat ; Vicarious
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 764440-1
    ISSN 0195-6663
    ISSN 0195-6663
    DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106366
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Book ; Online: The perception of Architectural Smells in industrial practice

    Sas, Darius / Pigazzini, Ilaria / Avgeriou, Paris / Fontana, Francesca Arcelli

    2021  

    Abstract: Architectural Technical Debt (ATD) is considered as the most significant type of TD in industrial practice. In this study, we interview 21 software engineers and architects to investigate a specific type of ATD, namely architectural smells (AS). Our goal ...

    Abstract Architectural Technical Debt (ATD) is considered as the most significant type of TD in industrial practice. In this study, we interview 21 software engineers and architects to investigate a specific type of ATD, namely architectural smells (AS). Our goal is to understand the phenomenon of AS better and support practitioners to better manage it and researchers to offer relevant support. The findings of this study provide insights on how practitioners perceive AS and how they introduce them, the maintenance and evolution issues they experienced and associated to the presence of AS, and what practices and tools they adopt to manage AS.

    Comment: Submitted and accepted to IEEE Software special issue on Technical Debt. This is a preprint
    Keywords Computer Science - Software Engineering
    Publishing date 2021-10-13
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Identification of miRNAs regulating MAPT expression and their analysis in plasma of patients with dementia.

    Piscopo, Paola / Grasso, Margherita / Manzini, Valeria / Zeni, Andrea / Castelluzzo, Michele / Fontana, Francesca / Talarico, Giuseppina / Castellano, Anna Elisa / Rivabene, Roberto / Crestini, Alessio / Bruno, Giuseppe / Ricci, Leonardo / Denti, Michela A

    Frontiers in molecular neuroscience

    2023  Volume 16, Page(s) 1127163

    Abstract: Background: Dementia is one of the most common diseases in elderly people and hundreds of thousand new cases per year of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are estimated. While the recent decade has seen significant advances in the development of novel biomarkers ...

    Abstract Background: Dementia is one of the most common diseases in elderly people and hundreds of thousand new cases per year of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are estimated. While the recent decade has seen significant advances in the development of novel biomarkers to identify dementias at their early stage, a great effort has been recently made to identify biomarkers able to improve differential diagnosis. However, only few potential candidates, mainly detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have been described so far.
    Methods: We searched for miRNAs regulating MAPT translation. We employed a capture technology able to find the miRNAs directly bound to the MAPT transcript in cell lines. Afterwards, we evaluated the levels of these miRNAs in plasma samples from FTD (
    Results: Firstly, we found all miRNAs that interact with the MAPT transcript. Ten miRNAs have been selected to verify their effect on Tau levels increasing or reducing miRNA levels by using cell transfections with plasmids expressing the miRNAs genes or LNA antagomiRs. Following the results obtained, miR-92a-3p, miR-320a and miR-320b were selected to analyse their levels in plasma samples of patients with FTD and AD respect to HCs. The analysis showed that the miR-92a-1-3p was under-expressed in both AD and FTD compared to HCs. Moreover, miR-320a was upregulated in FTD vs. AD patients, particularly in men when we stratified by sex. Respect to HC, the only difference is showed in men with AD who have reduced levels of this miRNA. Instead, miR-320b is up-regulated in both dementias, but only patients with FTD maintain this trend in both genders.
    Conclusions: Our results seem to identify miR-92a-3p and miR-320a as possible good biomarkers to discriminate AD from HC, while miR-320b to discriminate FTD from HC, particularly in males. Combining three miRNAs improves the accuracy only in females, particularly for differential diagnosis (FTD vs. AD) and to distinguish FTD from HC.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452967-9
    ISSN 1662-5099
    ISSN 1662-5099
    DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1127163
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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