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Article ; Online: In vitro digestion models to assess lipolysis: The impact of the simulated conditions of gastric and intestinal pH, bile salts and digestive fluids.

Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim / Fornés-Ferrer, Victoria / Heredia, Ana / Andrés, Ana

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

2019 Volume 125, Page(s) 108511

Abstract: In vitro digestion models are a valid methodology to study nutrient hydrolysis by simulating standard physiological gastrointestinal conditions. However, there are pathologies in which some conditions are affected, which should be considered in the ... ...

Abstract	In vitro digestion models are a valid methodology to study nutrient hydrolysis by simulating standard physiological gastrointestinal conditions. However, there are pathologies in which some conditions are affected, which should be considered in the design of an in vitro digestion study. Our work aims at elucidating the role of different gastrointestinal conditions on lipolysis. In the context of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, gastric pH, intestinal pH, bile salts composition, bile salts concentration, fat concentration in the digestion medium and volumetric ratio digestion fluid/food were the selected study parameters. The pH-stat method was applied to assess lipolysis extent and kinetics. Descriptive results were summarised in digestibility curves and beta regression models were used to explain the effect (odds ratio, OR) of the studied conditions on lipolysis. Additionally, distribution of emulsion droplets was measured and optical microscopy images of fat globules were taken in a selection of experimental conditions. Results showed that intestinal pH was the variable with the highest effect on lipolysis (OR 22.86, p < 0.001), followed by fat concentration in the digestion medium (OR 6.76, p < 0.001) and bile salts concentration (OR 1.56, p < 0.001). Overall, lipolysis was significantly associated with particle size (OR - 6.98, p < 0.001). We conclude that the assessment of lipolysis by means of in vitro digestion models is sensitive to the simulated gastrointestinal conditions, which should be adapted to the real physiological conditions occurring in altered health conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Cattle ; Digestion/physiology ; Gastric Juice/physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestines/physiology ; Lipolysis/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Stomach/physiology ; Swine
Chemical Substances	Bile Acids and Salts
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-26
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108511
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Article: In vitro digestion models to assess lipolysis: The impact of the simulated conditions of gastric and intestinal pH, bile salts and digestive fluids

Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim / Andrés, Ana / Fornés-Ferrer, Victoria / Heredia, Ana

Food research international. 2019 Nov., v. 125

2019

Abstract	In vitro digestion models are a valid methodology to study nutrient hydrolysis by simulating standard physiological gastrointestinal conditions. However, there are pathologies in which some conditions are affected, which should be considered in the design of an in vitro digestion study. Our work aims at elucidating the role of different gastrointestinal conditions on lipolysis. In the context of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, gastric pH, intestinal pH, bile salts composition, bile salts concentration, fat concentration in the digestion medium and volumetric ratio digestion fluid/food were the selected study parameters. The pH-stat method was applied to assess lipolysis extent and kinetics. Descriptive results were summarised in digestibility curves and beta regression models were used to explain the effect (odds ratio, OR) of the studied conditions on lipolysis. Additionally, distribution of emulsion droplets was measured and optical microscopy images of fat globules were taken in a selection of experimental conditions. Results showed that intestinal pH was the variable with the highest effect on lipolysis (OR 22.86, p < 0.001), followed by fat concentration in the digestion medium (OR 6.76, p < 0.001) and bile salts concentration (OR 1.56, p < 0.001). Overall, lipolysis was significantly associated with particle size (OR − 6.98, p < 0.001). We conclude that the assessment of lipolysis by means of in vitro digestion models is sensitive to the simulated gastrointestinal conditions, which should be adapted to the real physiological conditions occurring in altered health conditions.
Keywords	bile salts ; digestibility ; droplets ; emulsions ; fat globules ; hydrolysis ; in vitro digestion ; intestines ; light microscopy ; lipolysis ; models ; odds ratio ; particle size ; pH ; regression analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108511
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Article ; Online: In Vitro Digestion of Lipids in Real Foods: Influence of Lipid Organization Within the Food Matrix and Interactions with Nonlipid Components.

Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim / Fornés-Ferrer, Victoria / Heredia, Ana / Andrés, Ana

Journal of food science

2018 Volume 83, Issue 10, Page(s) 2629–2637

Abstract: In vitro digestion research has scarcely addressed the assessment of the complexity of digestion in real food. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of intestinal conditions, nonlipid components, and lipid organization within the ... ...

Abstract	In vitro digestion research has scarcely addressed the assessment of the complexity of digestion in real food. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of intestinal conditions, nonlipid components, and lipid organization within the food matrix on lipolysis extent. A selection of 52 foods was studied under different simulated intestinal conditions, including those related to patients with cystic fibrosis (pH6, bile salts 1 mM due to decreased pancreatic and biliary secretions) and to healthy subjects (pH7, bile salts 10 mM). Linear mixed regression models were applied to explain associations of food properties with lipolysis. Normal intestinal conditions allowed for optimal lipolysis in most of the foods in contrast to the altered intestinal scenario (30 compared with 1 food reaching > 90% lipolysis). Lipid-protein and lipid-starch interactions were evidenced to significantly affect lipolysis (P < 0.001) in all the digestion conditions, decreasing in those foods with low fat and high protein or high starch content. In addition, under decreased intestinal pH and bile concentration, lipolysis was lower in foods with complex solid structures and continuous lipid phase than in the oil-in-water continuous aqueous phase (global P < 0.01). However, in the normal conditions lipid organization within the food matrix did not show a significant effect on lipolysis (global P = 0.08). In conclusion, food properties play a crucial role in lipolysis, which should be considered when establishing dietary recommendations. Practical application: Food composition, lipid organization within the food matrix, and gastrointestinal conditions are key factors affecting lipolysis. Knowledge on that can be used to modulate lipolysis performance after food ingestion. Different applications are foreseen, as food design and nutritional recommendations for the general populations and specific target groups. The most immediate application is related to the scope of the research project that frames this work (www.mycyfapp.eu). These results have contributed to the development of a mobile app for cystic fibrosis patients, which includes an algorithm for enzyme dose prediction based on food properties. The app is currently being tested in a clinical trial setting.
MeSH term(s)	Bile Acids and Salts ; Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology ; Digestion ; Food ; Food Analysis/methods ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestines/drug effects ; Lipids/chemistry ; Lipolysis ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pancreas
Chemical Substances	Bile Acids and Salts ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241615-3
ISSN	1750-3841 ; 0022-1147
ISSN (online)	1750-3841
ISSN	0022-1147
DOI	10.1111/1750-3841.14343
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Article: In Vitro Digestion of Lipids in Real Foods: Influence of Lipid Organization Within the Food Matrix and Interactions with Nonlipid Components

Calvo‐Lerma, Joaquim / Fornés‐Ferrer, Victoria / Heredia, Ana / Andrés, Ana

Journal of food science. 2018 Oct., v. 83, no. 10

2018

Abstract	In vitro digestion research has scarcely addressed the assessment of the complexity of digestion in real food. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of intestinal conditions, nonlipid components, and lipid organization within the food matrix on lipolysis extent. A selection of 52 foods was studied under different simulated intestinal conditions, including those related to patients with cystic fibrosis (pH6, bile salts 1 mM due to decreased pancreatic and biliary secretions) and to healthy subjects (pH7, bile salts 10 mM). Linear mixed regression models were applied to explain associations of food properties with lipolysis. Normal intestinal conditions allowed for optimal lipolysis in most of the foods in contrast to the altered intestinal scenario (30 compared with 1 food reaching > 90% lipolysis). Lipid‐protein and lipid‐starch interactions were evidenced to significantly affect lipolysis (P < 0.001) in all the digestion conditions, decreasing in those foods with low fat and high protein or high starch content. In addition, under decreased intestinal pH and bile concentration, lipolysis was lower in foods with complex solid structures and continuous lipid phase than in the oil‐in‐water continuous aqueous phase (global P < 0.01). However, in the normal conditions lipid organization within the food matrix did not show a significant effect on lipolysis (global P = 0.08). In conclusion, food properties play a crucial role in lipolysis, which should be considered when establishing dietary recommendations. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Food composition, lipid organization within the food matrix, and gastrointestinal conditions are key factors affecting lipolysis. Knowledge on that can be used to modulate lipolysis performance after food ingestion. Different applications are foreseen, as food design and nutritional recommendations for the general populations and specific target groups. The most immediate application is related to the scope of the research project that frames this work (www.mycyfapp.eu). These results have contributed to the development of a mobile app for cystic fibrosis patients, which includes an algorithm for enzyme dose prediction based on food properties. The app is currently being tested in a clinical trial setting.
Keywords	algorithms ; bile ; bile salts ; clinical trials ; cystic fibrosis ; dietary recommendations ; digestion ; food composition ; food matrix ; foods ; in vitro digestion ; ingestion ; intestines ; lipids ; lipolysis ; pH ; patients ; prediction ; regression analysis ; secretion ; starch
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-10
Size	p. 2629-2637.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	241615-3
ISSN	1750-3841 ; 0022-1147
ISSN (online)	1750-3841
ISSN	0022-1147
DOI	10.1111/1750-3841.14343
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Fuerza prensil del anciano frágil encamado. Estudio longitudinal observacional.

Beseler Soto, M Rosario / Máñez Añón, Inmaculada / Fornes Ferrer, Victoria

Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologia

2017 Volume 53, Issue 3, Page(s) 175–176

Title translation	Hand grip of frail bedridden elderly. Observational longitudinal study.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bedridden Persons ; Female ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Frailty/physiopathology ; Geriatric Assessment ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2017-08-26
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Letter ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	605609-x
ISSN	1578-1747 ; 0211-139X
ISSN (online)	1578-1747
ISSN	0211-139X
DOI	10.1016/j.regg.2017.06.012
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Article ; Online: Identification of Novel microRNA Profiles Dysregulated in Plasma and Tissue of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients.

Plana, Emma / Gálvez, Laura / Medina, Pilar / Navarro, Silvia / Fornés-Ferrer, Victoria / Panadero, Joaquín / Miralles, Manuel

International journal of molecular sciences

2020 Volume 21, Issue 13

Abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate different biological processes. Our objective was to identify miRNAs dysregulated in plasma and tissue of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and explore new potential targets involved in AAA. ... ...

Abstract	microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate different biological processes. Our objective was to identify miRNAs dysregulated in plasma and tissue of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and explore new potential targets involved in AAA. Fifty-seven subjects were recruited for a plasma study (30 AAA patients, 16 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with atherosclerosis). The expression level of 179 miRNAs was screened in plasma from a subset of samples, and dysregulated miRNAs were validated in the entire study population. Dysregulated miRNAs were also quantified in aortic tissue of 21 AAA patients and 8 organ donors. Applying a gene set enrichment analysis, an interaction map of dysregulated miRNAs and their targets was built, and selected targets were quantified in tissue samples. miR-27b-3p and miR-221-3p were overexpressed in plasma of AAA patients compared with healthy controls, 1.6 times and 1.9 times, respectively. In AAA tissue, six miRNAs (miR-1, miR-27b-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b, and miR-195-5p) were underexpressed from 1.6 to 4.8 times and four miRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-103a-3p) were overexpressed from 1.3 to 7.2 times. Thrombospondin-2, a target of miR-195-5p, was increased in AAA tissue and negatively correlated with the expression of miR-195-5p, suggesting their involvement in a common regulatory mechanism.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/blood ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology ; Atherosclerosis/blood ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/pathology ; Biomarkers/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; MIRN221 microRNA, human ; MIRN27b microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms21134600
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Article ; Online: Accuracy of the fetal cerebroplacental ratio for the detection of intrapartum compromise in nonsmall fetuses

Morales-Roselló, José / Khalil, Asma / Fornés-Ferrer, Victoria / Perales-Marín, Alfredo

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

2018 Volume 32, Issue 17, Page(s) 2842–2852

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Fetal Distress/diagnosis ; Fetal Distress/epidemiology ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Cerebral Artery/embryology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Pulsatile Flow ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Umbilical Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Umbilical Arteries/embryology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2077261-0
ISSN	1476-4954 ; 1057-0802 ; 1476-7058
ISSN (online)	1476-4954
ISSN	1057-0802 ; 1476-7058
DOI	10.1080/14767058.2018.1450380
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Article ; Online: A first approach for an evidence-based in vitro digestion method to adjust pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in cystic fibrosis.

Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim / Fornés-Ferrer, Victoria / Peinado, Irene / Heredia, Ana / Ribes-Koninckx, Carmen / Andrés, Ana

PloS one

2019 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e0212459

Abstract: Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis have to take enzymatic supplements to allow for food digestion. However, an evidence-based method to adjust Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) is inexistent, and lipid content of meals is used as a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis have to take enzymatic supplements to allow for food digestion. However, an evidence-based method to adjust Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) is inexistent, and lipid content of meals is used as a rough criterion. Objective: In this study, an in vitro digestion model was set up to determine the theoretical optimal dose (TOD) of enzymatic supplement for a selection of foods, which is the dose that allows for maximum lipolysis extent. Methods: A static in vitro digestion model was applied to simulate digestion of eight foods covering a wide range of lipid contents. First, the dose of the enzymatic supplement was fixed at 2000 lipase units per gram of fat (LU/g fat) using intestinal pH and bile salt concentration as variables. Second, intestinal pH and bile salt concentrations were fixed and the variable was the dose of the enzymatic supplement. Lipolysis extent was determined by measuring the free fatty acids released from initial triglycerides content of foods after digestion. Results in terms of percentage of lipolysis extent were fitted into a linear-mixed segmented model and the deducted equations were used to predict the TOD to reach 90% of lipolysis in every food. In addition, the effect of intestinal pH and bile salt concentration were investigated. Results: The predictive equations obtained for the assessed foods showed that lipolysis was not only dependent on the dose of the enzyme supplement or the lipid content. Moreover, intestinal pH and bile salt concentration had significant effects on lipolysis. Therefore an evidence-based model can be developed taking into account these variables. Conclusions: Depending on food characteristics, a specific TOD should be assigned to achieve an optimal digestion extent. This work represents a first step towards an evidence-based method for PERT dosing, which will be applied in an in vivo setting to validate its efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism ; Digestion/drug effects ; Enzyme Replacement Therapy/methods ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Food Analysis ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lipase/therapeutic use ; Lipolysis/drug effects ; Models, Biological ; Pancreas/enzymology ; Pancreatic Extracts/therapeutic use ; Peptide Hydrolases/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Gastrointestinal Agents ; Pancreatic Extracts ; Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0212459
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Article ; Online: Differences in the macronutrient and dietary fibre profile of gluten-free products as compared to their gluten-containing counterparts.

Calvo-Lerma, Joaquim / Crespo-Escobar, Paula / Martínez-Barona, Sandra / Fornés-Ferrer, Victoria / Donat, Ester / Ribes-Koninckx, Carmen

European journal of clinical nutrition

2019 Volume 73, Issue 6, Page(s) 930–936

Abstract: Background/objectives: Gluten-free diet is the lifelong therapy for patients with coeliac disease. A wide range of gluten-free products (GFP) is available, which mimics the characteristics of their gluten-containing counterparts (GCC). The aim of this ... ...

Abstract	Background/objectives: Gluten-free diet is the lifelong therapy for patients with coeliac disease. A wide range of gluten-free products (GFP) is available, which mimics the characteristics of their gluten-containing counterparts (GCC). The aim of this study was to compare the macronutrient and dietary fibre composition of GFP and GCC currently available in Spain. Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional study analysing the nutritional differences between 621 GFP and 600 GCC based on labelling information was conducted. Food items were categorized in one of 14 food groups. The first six ingredients were noted for each food item. A linear regression model was used to explain differences in nutritional composition between GFP and GCC and three independent models were created for bread, pasta and biscuits. Results: Results showed that GCC had higher protein content than GFP, especially in flour, bread, pasta and pizza. Bread had higher total and saturated fat contents in the GFP in which palm oil was the main fat used. Flours and starchy ingredients used in GFP formulation were mainly rice and corn flours and corn starch, and palm oil was the most commonly used fat. Conclusions: In conclusion, GFP cannot currently be considered as equivalent substitutes for their GCC. The reformulation of the GFP with more healthy ingredients and ingredients is encouraged, using a healthy oil, pseudocereals and whole flour.
MeSH term(s)	Bread/analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet, Gluten-Free ; Dietary Fiber/analysis ; Glutens/analysis ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber ; Glutens (8002-80-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639358-5
ISSN	1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
ISSN	0954-3007
DOI	10.1038/s41430-018-0385-6
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Article ; Online: Exploring the efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy and methylphenidate on emotional comorbid symptoms in adults with attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder: Results of the COMPAS multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Psychiatry research

2023 Volume 330, Page(s) 115610

Abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of dialectical behaviour group therapy (GPT) vs. individual clinical management (CM) and methylphenidate (MPH) vs. placebo (PLB) on emotional symptoms in adults with ADHD. This longitudinal multicentre RCT compared four ... ...

Abstract	This study evaluated the efficacy of dialectical behaviour group therapy (GPT) vs. individual clinical management (CM) and methylphenidate (MPH) vs. placebo (PLB) on emotional symptoms in adults with ADHD. This longitudinal multicentre RCT compared four groups (GPT+MPH, GPT+PLB, CM+MPH, and CM+PLB) over five assessment periods, from baseline to week 130. Emotional symptomatology was assessed using SCL-90-R subscales. Of the 433 randomised participants, 371 remained for final analysis. At week 13, the GPT+MPH group showed smaller reductions in anxiety symptoms than the CM groups, but the differences disappeared at subsequent assessments. Improvements in emotional symptom were significantly predicted by reductions in core ADHD symptoms in all groups except the GPT+MPH group. The unexpected lack of between-group differences may be explained by a "floor effect", different intervention settings (group vs. individual), and psychotherapy type. Multiple regression analyses suggest a more specific effect of combined interventions (GPT+MPH). Implications for clinical practice are discussed. Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN54096201 (Current Controlled Trials).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use ; Dialectical Behavior Therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Emotions ; Methylphenidate/pharmacology ; Methylphenidate/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Methylphenidate (207ZZ9QZ49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115610
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