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  1. Book: Special issue Science for the management of subtropical embayments

    Fourqurean, James W.

    examples from Shark Bayand Florida Bay

    (Marine & freshwater research ; 63,11)

    2012  

    Title variant Science for the management of subtropical embayments
    Author's details ed. by. James W. Fourqurean
    Series title Marine & freshwater research ; 63,11
    Marine and freshwater research
    Collection Marine and freshwater research
    Language English
    Size S. [941] - 1199 : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Publisher CSIRO Publ
    Publishing place Collingwood, Vic
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT017517233
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    Z 4948 (63,11) available for loan (reading room) Freihandmagazin (U1)

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  2. Article ; Online: Status and Trajectories of Soft-Bottom Benthic Communities of the South Florida Seascape Revealed by 25 Years of Seagrass and Water Quality Monitoring

    Krause, Johannes R. / Lopes, Christian C. / Wilson, Sara S. / Boyer, Joseph N. / Briceño, Henry O. / Fourqurean, James W.

    Estuaries and Coasts. 2023 Mar., v. 46, no. 2 p.477-493

    2023  

    Abstract: Although seagrass ecosystems are valued for the services they provide, anthropogenic impacts have led to global declines in seagrass area. South Florida harbors one of the most extensive and iconic seagrass landscapes in the world, but historic seagrass ... ...

    Abstract Although seagrass ecosystems are valued for the services they provide, anthropogenic impacts have led to global declines in seagrass area. South Florida harbors one of the most extensive and iconic seagrass landscapes in the world, but historic seagrass losses appeared to threaten their integrity. The establishment of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) in 1995 created a benthic community and water quality monitoring network to aid management efforts. With this study, we report on the status and trajectories of benthic communities in South Florida using 25 years of monitoring data. Overall, most of our permanent monitoring sites maintained stable benthic communities over the period of observation. However, for areas that did experience decline, we identified mechanisms for loss of the climax seagrass Thalassia testudinum in the FKNMS with no or only partial recovery over decadal timescales. We observed a shift towards fast-growing Halodule wrightii meadows at anthropogenically nutrient-enriched nearshore sites along the Florida Keys. In addition, we describe almost complete loss of seagrass meadows at some exposed, back-reef sites offshore from the Florida Keys resulting from physical disturbance by major hurricanes. This study demonstrates the utility of long-term monitoring programs for the identification of benthic community trajectories and their putative drivers on the seascape scale, offering valuable lessons for the design of future seagrass monitoring programs.
    Keywords Halodule wrightii ; Thalassia testudinum ; benthic organisms ; decline ; marine protected areas ; seagrasses ; water quality ; Florida
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Size p. 477-493.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2229170-2
    ISSN 1559-2731 ; 1559-2723
    ISSN (online) 1559-2731
    ISSN 1559-2723
    DOI 10.1007/s12237-022-01158-7
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Loss of predation risk from apex predators can exacerbate marine tropicalization caused by extreme climatic events.

    Nowicki, Robert J / Thomson, Jordan A / Fourqurean, James W / Wirsing, Aaron J / Heithaus, Michael R

    The Journal of animal ecology

    2021  Volume 90, Issue 9, Page(s) 2041–2052

    Abstract: Extreme climatic events (ECEs) and predator removal represent some of the most widespread stressors to ecosystems. Though species interactions can alter ecological effects of climate change (and vice versa), it is less understood whether, when and how ... ...

    Abstract Extreme climatic events (ECEs) and predator removal represent some of the most widespread stressors to ecosystems. Though species interactions can alter ecological effects of climate change (and vice versa), it is less understood whether, when and how predator removal can interact with ECEs to exacerbate their effects. Understanding the circumstances under which such interactions might occur is critical because predator loss is widespread and ECEs can generate rapid phase shifts in ecosystems which can ultimately lead to tropicalization. Our goal was to determine whether loss of predation risk may be an important mechanism governing ecosystem responses to extreme events, and whether the effects of such events, such as tropicalization, can occur even when species range shifts do not. Specifically, our goal was to experimentally simulate the loss of an apex predator, the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier effects on a recently damaged seagrass ecosystem of Shark Bay, Australia by applying documented changes to risk-sensitive grazing of dugong Dugong dugon herbivores. Using a 16-month-field experiment established in recently disturbed seagrass meadows, we used previous estimates of risk-sensitive dugong foraging behaviour to simulate altered risk-sensitive foraging densities and strategies of dugongs consistent with apex predator loss, and tracked seagrass responses to the simulated grazing. Grazing treatments targeted and removed tropical seagrasses, which declined. However, like in other mixed-bed habitats where dugongs forage, treatments also incidentally accelerated temperate seagrass losses, revealing that herbivore behavioural changes in response to predator loss can exacerbate ECE and promote tropicalization, even without range expansions or introductions of novel species. Our results suggest that changes to herbivore behaviours triggered by loss of predation risk can undermine ecological resilience to ECEs, particularly where long-lived herbivores are abundant. By implication, ongoing losses of apex predators may combine with increasingly frequent ECEs to amplify climate change impacts across diverse ecosystems and large spatial scales.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Climate Change ; Dugong ; Ecosystem ; Predatory Behavior ; Sharks
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13424
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 72/708: Show issues
    Z 2600: Show issues

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  4. Article: Assessment of Hurricane Irma Impacts on South Florida Seagrass Communities Using Long-Term Monitoring Programs

    Wilson, Sara S / Furman, Bradley T / Hall, Margaret O / Fourqurean, James W

    Estuaries and coasts. 2020 July, v. 43, no. 5

    2020  

    Abstract: Hurricanes are some of the largest environmental drivers of change in coastal systems. We investigated the impacts of Hurricane Irma on benthic macrophyte communities in Florida Bay (FB) and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), USA. ... ...

    Abstract Hurricanes are some of the largest environmental drivers of change in coastal systems. We investigated the impacts of Hurricane Irma on benthic macrophyte communities in Florida Bay (FB) and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), USA. Spatiotemporal analyses were performed at multiple hierarchical levels (site, zone, region) to identify potential changes in the Braun-Blanquet (BB) densities of total seagrass (TSG) and total calcareous green macroalgae (TCAL) post-disturbance and to determine whether changes were attributable to hurricane impacts or normal seasonal and inter-annual variability. There were significant decreases in TSG in one of five zones in FKNMS and in one of six zones in FB, but no change in TCAL was recorded in either system. TSG in the Lower Keys Bayside declined from a mean BB score of 2.6 to 1.2, resulting from storm-induced erosion, whereas TSG in coastal FB declined from 1.05–2.4 to 0.36–2.0, likely due to prolonged hyposalinity and low dissolved oxygen following stormwater drainage. Overall, impacts to South Florida benthic macrophyte communities from Hurricane Irma were not catastrophic and were limited in spatial extent. Our results suggest that coastal areas hit by a storm with heavy winds are more likely to sustain direct physical impacts to the benthos, whereas estuarine areas with longer residence times are more at risk of the indirect effects of stormwater runoff and retention. Our analyses placed putative hurricane impacts within the context of recent variability and historical system baselines through the use of long-term monitoring data coordinated by multiple governmental and academic entities.
    Keywords benthic organisms ; dissolved oxygen ; drainage ; estuaries ; hurricanes ; macroalgae ; marine protected areas ; risk ; seagrasses ; stormwater ; Florida
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-07
    Size p. 1119-1132.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2229170-2
    ISSN 1559-2731 ; 1559-2723
    ISSN (online) 1559-2731
    ISSN 1559-2723
    DOI 10.1007/s12237-019-00623-0
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  5. Article: Loss of predation risk from apex predators can exacerbate marine tropicalization caused by extreme climatic events

    Nowicki, Robert J. / Thomson, Jordan A. / Fourqurean, James W. / Wirsing, Aaron J. / Heithaus, Michael R.

    journal of animal ecology. 2021 Sept., v. 90, no. 9

    2021  

    Abstract: Extreme climatic events (ECEs) and predator removal represent some of the most widespread stressors to ecosystems. Though species interactions can alter ecological effects of climate change (and vice versa), it is less understood whether, when and how ... ...

    Abstract Extreme climatic events (ECEs) and predator removal represent some of the most widespread stressors to ecosystems. Though species interactions can alter ecological effects of climate change (and vice versa), it is less understood whether, when and how predator removal can interact with ECEs to exacerbate their effects. Understanding the circumstances under which such interactions might occur is critical because predator loss is widespread and ECEs can generate rapid phase shifts in ecosystems which can ultimately lead to tropicalization. Our goal was to determine whether loss of predation risk may be an important mechanism governing ecosystem responses to extreme events, and whether the effects of such events, such as tropicalization, can occur even when species range shifts do not. Specifically, our goal was to experimentally simulate the loss of an apex predator, the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier effects on a recently damaged seagrass ecosystem of Shark Bay, Australia by applying documented changes to risk‐sensitive grazing of dugong Dugong dugon herbivores. Using a 16‐month‐field experiment established in recently disturbed seagrass meadows, we used previous estimates of risk‐sensitive dugong foraging behaviour to simulate altered risk‐sensitive foraging densities and strategies of dugongs consistent with apex predator loss, and tracked seagrass responses to the simulated grazing. Grazing treatments targeted and removed tropical seagrasses, which declined. However, like in other mixed‐bed habitats where dugongs forage, treatments also incidentally accelerated temperate seagrass losses, revealing that herbivore behavioural changes in response to predator loss can exacerbate ECE and promote tropicalization, even without range expansions or introductions of novel species. Our results suggest that changes to herbivore behaviours triggered by loss of predation risk can undermine ecological resilience to ECEs, particularly where long‐lived herbivores are abundant. By implication, ongoing losses of apex predators may combine with increasingly frequent ECEs to amplify climate change impacts across diverse ecosystems and large spatial scales.
    Keywords Dugong dugon ; Galeocerdo cuvier ; animal ecology ; climate change ; ecological resilience ; ecosystems ; forage ; herbivores ; predation ; risk ; seagrasses ; Australia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Size p. 2041-2052.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13424
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 72/708: Show issues
    Z 2600: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Habitat fragmentation has some impacts on aspects of ecosystem functioning in a sub-tropical seagrass bed.

    Sweatman, Jennifer L / Layman, Craig A / Fourqurean, James W

    Marine environmental research

    2017  Volume 126, Page(s) 95–108

    Abstract: Habitat fragmentation impacts ecosystem functioning in many ways, including reducing the availability of suitable habitat for animals and altering resource dynamics. Fragmentation in seagrass ecosystems caused by propeller scarring is a major source of ... ...

    Abstract Habitat fragmentation impacts ecosystem functioning in many ways, including reducing the availability of suitable habitat for animals and altering resource dynamics. Fragmentation in seagrass ecosystems caused by propeller scarring is a major source of habitat loss, but little is known about how scars impact ecosystem functioning. Propeller scars were simulated in seagrass beds of Abaco, Bahamas, to explore potential impacts. To determine if plant-herbivore interactions were altered by fragmentation, amphipod grazers were excluded from half the experimental plots, and epiphyte biomass and community composition were compared between grazer control and exclusion plots. We found a shift from light limitation to phosphorus limitation at seagrass patch edges. Fragmentation did not impact top-down control on epiphyte biomass or community composition, despite reduced amphipod density in fragmented habitats. Seagrass and amphipod responses to propeller scarring suggest that severely scarred seagrass beds could be subject to changes in internal nutrient stores and amphipod distribution.
    MeSH term(s) Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Herbivory ; Zosteraceae/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1502505-6
    ISSN 1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
    ISSN (online) 1879-0291
    ISSN 0141-1136
    DOI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.003
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  7. Article ; Online: Effects of common seagrass restoration methods on ecosystem structure in subtropical seagrass meadows.

    Bourque, Amanda S / Fourqurean, James W

    Marine environmental research

    2014  Volume 97, Page(s) 67–78

    Abstract: Seagrass meadows near population centers are subject to frequent disturbance from vessel groundings. Common seagrass restoration methods include filling excavations and applying fertilizer to encourage seagrass recruitment. We sampled macrophytes, soil ... ...

    Abstract Seagrass meadows near population centers are subject to frequent disturbance from vessel groundings. Common seagrass restoration methods include filling excavations and applying fertilizer to encourage seagrass recruitment. We sampled macrophytes, soil structure, and macroinvertebrate infauna at unrestored and recently restored vessel grounding disturbances to evaluate the effects of these restoration methods on seagrass ecosystem structure. After a year of observations comparing filled sites to both undisturbed reference and unrestored disturbed sites, filled sites had low organic matter content, nutrient pools, and primary producer abundance. Adding a nutrient source increased porewater nutrient pools at disturbed sites and in undisturbed meadows, but not at filled sites. Environmental predictors of infaunal community structure across treatments included soil texture and nutrient pools. At the one year time scale, the restoration methods studied did not result in convergence between restored and unrestored sites. Particularly in filled sites, soil conditions may combine to constrain rapid development of the seagrass community and associated infauna. Our study is important for understanding early recovery trajectories following restoration using these methods.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biota ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Florida ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Invertebrates/physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1502505-6
    ISSN 1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
    ISSN (online) 1879-0291
    ISSN 0141-1136
    DOI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.03.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Historical seagrass abundance of Florida Bay, USA, based on a foraminiferal proxy

    Collins, Laurel S / Cheng, Jie / Hayek, Lee-Ann C / Fourqurean, James W / Buzas, Martin A

    Journal of paleolimnology. 2019 June, v. 62, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: A foraminiferal proxy for seagrass abundance was developed, tested and used to construct a record of seagrass variability for Florida Bay, USA, since its initial flooding ~ 3800 cal years BP. Of 76 species recorded in the Bay, 13 seagrass-associated ... ...

    Abstract A foraminiferal proxy for seagrass abundance was developed, tested and used to construct a record of seagrass variability for Florida Bay, USA, since its initial flooding ~ 3800 cal years BP. Of 76 species recorded in the Bay, 13 seagrass-associated foraminifera were identified based on previously observed occurrences in seagrass beds of the region. Species that occurred more in seagrass beds than in other sediments were designated seagrass-associated foraminifera (SAF). SAF from six cores taken in four areas were tested against a large, well-studied seagrass die-off that began in 1987. SAF percentages of total foraminiferal assemblages declined in 1986 (210Pb age, ± 2 years) with no recovery as of 2001 (the youngest core age), and discriminant analysis showed that SAF assemblages in 1970–1985 and 1986–2001 differed significantly. Results agree with observations of the decline in seagrass coverage, supporting SAF as a seagrass proxy for investigating earlier assemblages preserved in the cores. After anthropogenic influence began ~ 1880, the largest overall decreases in SAF percentages occurred in 1934–1940 (210Pb ages, ± 5 years), possibly from decreased salinities due to three intense hurricanes that hit South Florida, and in 1987–2002 during the seagrass die-off. SAF assemblages in the oldest core record were significantly different over the four intervals of (1) initial flooding ~ 3800 cal years BP, (2) pristine conditions until ~ 1880 when agriculture and canal construction began, (3) anthropogenic and climatic influences 1880–1986, and (4) the 1987–2002 seagrass die-off. Historically, SAF assemblages indicate that this die-off resulted in extremely low coverage (comparable to inundation and development of the benthic ecosystem > 2500 cal years BP), probably a result of cumulative anthropogenic disturbance combined with natural events. This is the first study using foraminifera as a proxy to reconstruct the seagrass history of an area. The research introduced a new approach for developing a seagrass proxy: we identified species that are more abundant in seagrass beds than in other sediments, and tested them together as a proxy against a previously documented seagrass die-off.
    Keywords Retaria ; anthropogenic activities ; benthic ecosystems ; die-off ; discriminant analysis ; hurricanes ; lead ; limnology ; paleontology ; radionuclides ; salinity ; seagrasses ; sediments ; Florida
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-06
    Size p. 15-29.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1478181-5
    ISSN 1573-0417 ; 0921-2728
    ISSN (online) 1573-0417
    ISSN 0921-2728
    DOI 10.1007/s10933-019-00072-6
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  9. Article: Decadal Monitoring in Bermuda Shows a Widespread Loss of Seagrasses Attributable to Overgrazing by the Green Sea Turtle Chelonia mydas

    Fourqurean, James W / Coates, Kathryn A / Kenworthy, W. Judson / Manuel, Sarah A / Massey, Simieon C

    Estuaries and coasts. 2019 Sept., v. 42, no. 6

    2019  

    Abstract: The condition of seagrass habitat and the marine environment on the Bermuda Platform, a mid-oceanic shallow water habitat in the northwest Atlantic, has been monitored since 2006. The overall oceanic climate of the Platform is subtropical; the Platform ... ...

    Abstract The condition of seagrass habitat and the marine environment on the Bermuda Platform, a mid-oceanic shallow water habitat in the northwest Atlantic, has been monitored since 2006. The overall oceanic climate of the Platform is subtropical; the Platform supports communities of tropical marine seagrasses, including Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule sp., and Halophila decipiens. At the beginning of the study, the general condition of seagrass beds at 17 permanent offshore and nearshore sites indicated that 14 were healthy, complex, and thriving communities, and three represented offshore beds, which had declined precipitously prior to the initiation of study. Over the period of the study, seagrass beds declined at all 17 sites; three beds disappeared, and there was no recovery at the sites known to have declined prior to 2006. Over the same period, there was no apparent negative change in the water quality overlying the seagrass beds. Assessments of elemental content, stable isotopic composition, and leaf morphology indicated that grazing by the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is driving the decline of the seagrasses of Bermuda. Given the feeding behavior of these turtles on the Bermuda Platform, human intervention may be required to mitigate the decline of seagrass in Bermuda.
    Keywords Chelonia mydas ; habitats ; Halodule ; Halophila ; humans ; leaf morphology ; marine environment ; maritime climate ; monitoring ; overgrazing ; seagrasses ; Thalassia testudinum ; turtles ; water quality ; Bermuda ; Northwest Atlantic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-09
    Size p. 1524-1540.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2229170-2
    ISSN 1559-2731 ; 1559-2723
    ISSN (online) 1559-2731
    ISSN 1559-2723
    DOI 10.1007/s12237-019-00587-1
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  10. Article: Morphological and physiological responses of seagrasses (Alismatales) to grazers (Testudines: Cheloniidae) and the role of these responses as grazing patch abandonment cues.

    Lacey, Elizabeth A / Collado-Vides, Ligia / Fourqurean, James W

    Revista de biologia tropical

    2015  Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 1535–1548

    Abstract: Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, are grazers influencing the distribution of seagrass within shallow coastal ecosystems, yet the drivers behind C. mydas patch use within seagrass beds are largely unknown. Current theories center on food quality ( ... ...

    Abstract Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, are grazers influencing the distribution of seagrass within shallow coastal ecosystems, yet the drivers behind C. mydas patch use within seagrass beds are largely unknown. Current theories center on food quality (nutrient content) as the plant responds to grazing disturbances; however, no study has monitored these parameters in a natural setting without grazer manipulation. To determine the morphological and physiological responses potentially influencing seagrass recovery from grazing disturbances, seagrasses were monitored for one year under three different grazing scenarios (turtle grazed, fish grazed and ungrazed) in a tropical ecosystem in Akumal Bay, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Significantly less soluble carbohydrates and increased nitrogen and phosphorus content in Thalassia testudinum were indicative of the stresses placed on seagrasses during herbivory. To determine if these physiological responses were the drivers of the heterogeneous grazing behavior by C. mydas recorded in Akumal Bay, patches were mapped and monitored over a six-month interval. The abandoned patches had the lowest standing crop rather than leaf nutrient or rhi- zome soluble carbohydrate content. This suggests a modified Giving Up Density (GUD) behavior: the critical threshold where cost of continued grazing does not provide minimum nutrients, therefore, new patches must be utilized, explains resource abandonment and mechanism behind C. mydas grazing. This study is the first to apply GUD theory, often applied in terrestrial literature, to explain marine herbivore grazing behavior.
    MeSH term(s) Alismatales/anatomy & histology ; Alismatales/classification ; Alismatales/physiology ; Animals ; Cues ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Mexico ; Seasons ; Turtles/classification ; Turtles/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02-25
    Publishing country Costa Rica
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020929-0
    ISSN 2215-2075 ; 0034-7744
    ISSN (online) 2215-2075
    ISSN 0034-7744
    DOI 10.15517/rbt.v62i4.12844
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